丙酮+环己烷+甲醇组成的最低共沸混合物热力学性质的研究

Mesoporous molecular sieves Al-MSU-S has been prepared from the precursor of zeolite Y using ionic liquids 1-hexadecane-3-methylimidazolium bromide （CMIMB） as a template in basic medium, which exhibited larger pore diameter, pore volume and surface area than that synthesized using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） template.     

乙醇和甲苯组成的最低共沸混合物热力学性质的研究

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of ethanol and toluene was measured by a high precision adiabatic calorimeter from 80 to 320 K. The glass transition and phase transitions of the azeotropic mixture were determined based on the heat capacity measurements. A glass transition at 103.350 K was found. A solid-solid phase transition at 127.282 K, two solid-liquid phase transitions at 153.612 and 160.584 K were observed, which correspond to the transition of metastable crystal to stable crystal of ethanol and the melting of ethanol and toluene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess ones of the mixture relative to the standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

水与正丁醇二元体系最低共沸混合物的热容

Molar heat capacities of n-butanol and the azeotropic mixture in the binary system [water （x=0.716） plus n-butanol （x=0.284）] were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in a temperature range from 78 to 320 K. The functions of the heat capacity with respect to thermodynamic temperature were estabhshed for the azeotropic mixture. A glass transition was observed at （111.9±1.2） K. The phase transitions took place at （179.26±0.77） and （269.69±0.14） K corresponding to the solid-hquid phase transitions of n-butanol and water, respectively. The phase-transition enthalpy and entropy of water were calculated. A thermodynamic function of excess molar heat capacity with respect to temperature was estabhshed, which took account of physical mixing, destructions of self-association and cross-association for n-butanol and water, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic ones of the binary systems relative to 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity and the calculated excess heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

腈菌唑的热容和热力学性质

通过小样品精密自动绝热热量计测定了自己合成并提纯的腈菌唑 (C₁₅H₁₇ClN₄) 在78 ～ 368K温区的低温摩尔热容。量热实验发现, 该化合物在363 ~ 372 K温区, 有一固-液熔化相变过程, 其熔化温度为 (348.800±0.06)K, 摩尔熔化焓、摩尔熔化熵及化合物的纯度分别为：(30931±11) J•mol^-1、(88.47±0.02) J•mol^-1•K^-1和0.9941(摩尔分数)。用差示扫描量热(DSC) 技术对该物质的固-液熔化过程作了进一步研究，结果与绝热量热法一致。     

流体混合物热力学性质的分子模拟研究-逐级取样法

本文对三个Lennard-Jonese二元混合物进行了逐级取样模拟, 获得各体系的超额Helmholtz自由能, 超额内能及超额压力等性质, 所得结果与Nakanishi通过伞形取样法的结果一致, 表明本文方法能够有效地对混合物各类超额性质进行研究。     

双原子分子振动对热力学性质的影响

本文在分析了双原子分子振动能级的完备性和有限性及其对统计计算带来的影响的基础上,借助代数（AM）方法得到的双原子分子振动能级完全集合,采用量子力学统计系综方法,讨论了双原子分子振动能量对宏观热力学性质的统计贡献,并以氮气为例计算了相应的热力学函数和振动热容量．结果表明,真实的双原子分子振动能级是有限的;确定最高振动量子数和振动能级完全集合是正确进行统计分析的基础和关键;考虑振动能级的完备性和有限性后,只能导致数值解而不是解析解,所得的结果优于谐振子模型的解析结果,与实验数据吻合得很好．     

咪唑啉型表面活性剂组成微乳液的热力学性质

由咪唑啉型表面活性剂、醇、水和正十六烷组成微乳液，探讨了该微乳液中醇从油相转移到界面相时的自由能变化及温度对自由能变化的影响，算得了熵变和焓变。     

四苯硼钠水溶液的系列热力学性质

在288.15～318.15K范围内,用等压法测定了四苯硼钠在不同浓度水溶液中的平均活度系数和渗透系数,计算了不同浓度时的超额自由能、相对偏摩尔焓、偏摩尔热容。经计算机曲线拟合给出热力学性质的经验计算公式。     

甲醇制烃（MTH）反应热力学研究

对甲醇制烃反应体系进行了热力学分析,计算了不同温度下各反应的焓变、吉布斯自由能变和反应平衡常数,采用平衡常数联立方程法估算了甲醇转化生成C2-C10烃的热力学平衡组成.计算结果表明：甲醇制烃为强放热反应,1 mol甲醇转化最大放热量约为90 kJ/mol;甲醇制烃体系中除甲醇脱水之外,大部分反应均可视为不可逆过程;高温低压不利于烷烃生成物,有利于芳烃和烯烃生成物.对计算结果与实验结果进行了比较,数据变化趋势较为一致.计算结果表明,甲醇制烃体系不受热力学的控制,催化剂的选择和反应条件的选择至关重要.     

Fischer-Tropsch合成水相副产物中提取丙酮和甲醇工艺的研究

用ASPEN PLUS 11.1软件对Fischer-Tropsch合成水相副产物中提取丙酮和甲醇工艺进行了模拟计算.在不同的条件下,对以水作为萃取溶剂的萃取精馏塔和溶剂回收塔进行了模拟和优化,得出了整个流程的最佳工艺.萃取精馏塔:溶剂和原料的体积比为1.00,采出率为4.56%,回流比为2.00,塔板数为36,在第8块塔板和第18块塔板分别进料溶剂水和原料;原料和溶剂的最佳温度325.15K和328.25 K.溶剂回收塔:采出率为42.10%,回流比1.00,塔板数为19,在第13块塔板进料.在该工艺条件下进行了实验研究,实验结果和模拟计算相吻合,从而验证了模拟结果的可靠性.     

Thermodynamic Investigation of the Azeotropic Mixture Composed of Water and Benzene

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of water and benzene was measured by an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 80 to 320 K. The phase transitions took place in the temperature range from 265.409 to 275.165 K and 275.165 to 279.399 K. The phase transition temperatures were determined to be 272.945 and 278.339 K, which were corresponding to the solid-liquid phase transitions of water and benzene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature 298.15 K were derived from the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

Thermodynamic properties of the azeotropic mixture of acetone and methanol

The molar heat capacities of the pure samples of acetone and methanol, and the azeotropic mixture composed of acetone and methanol were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range 78–320 K. The solid–solid and solid–liquid phase transitions of the pure samples and the mixture were determined based on the curve of the heat capacity with respect to temperature. The phase transitions took place at 126.16±0.68 and 178.96±1.47 K for the sample of acetone, 157.79±0.95 and 175.93±0.95 K for methanol, which were corresponding to the solid–solid and the solid–liquid phase transitions of the acetone and the methanol, respectively. And the phase transitions occurred at 126.58±0.24, 157.16±0.42, 175.50±0.46 and 179.74±0.89 K corresponding to the solid–solid and the solid–liquid phase transitions of the acetone and the methanol in the mixture, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic functions of the mixture relative to standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.     

Changes of Refractive Indices for the Ternary Mixture Acetone + Methanol + N-Hexane at 288.15 and 298.15 K

Abstract

The refractive indices of the ternary mixture acetone + methanol + n-hexane have been measured at 288.15 and 298.15 K and atmosphere in the whole composition diagram. Parameters of polynomial equations which represent the composition dependence of physical and derived property are gathered. the use of a multicomponent extension of Heller equation in order to predict excess molar volumes from refractive indices on mixing are tested against literature data, a comparative accuracy with currently available models being obtained.     

Thermodynamic Properties of the Mixture Acetone + Methanol + n-Octane at 25°C

Mixing properties of the ternary mixture acetone + methanol + n-octane have been determined experimentally under standard conditions. Sound velocity, densities, and refractive indexes were measured as functions of composition. Excess molar volumes, changes of refractive indexes, and changes of isentropic compressibilities on mixing were computed from the experimental data. The Peng–Robinson and Soave–Redlich–Kwong equations of state were applied with three different mixing rules to correlate binary excess volumes and then to predict the excess magnitudes in ternary mixtures. Reliable representations of the experimental data were obtained.     

Effects of the Presence of Cyclohexane or Methylcyclohexane on the Densities and Volumetric Properties of the Mixture (Benzene + Propionitrile)

Excess molar volumes, V_m^E, have been obtained as a function of composition for ternary-pseudobinary mixtures of [(benzene + cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane) + (propionitrile + cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane)] from the densities measured by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 298.15 K. The values of V_m^E have been correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show that the third component, cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane, has a significant effect on the interaction between benzene and propionitrile.     

Volumetric Properties of Ternary-Pseudobinary Mixtures Containing Benzene and Cyclohexane

Densities have been measured as a function of composition for ternary-pseudobinary mixtures of [(benzene + toluene or methylcyclohexane) + (cyclohexane + toluene or methylcyclohexane)] by means of a vibrating-tube densimeter at atmospheric pressure and the temperature 298.15 K. The excess molar volumes, V_m^E, were calculated from the densities and correlated using the Redlich–Kister equation to estimate the coefficients and standard errors. The experimental and calculated quantities are used to discuss the mixing behavior of the components. The results show the third component, toluene and methylcyclohexane, influences the interaction between benzene and cyclohexane.     

Complications in the Use of the Taylor Dispersion Method for Ternary Diffusion Measurements: Methanol + Acetone + Water Mixtures

The Taylor dispersion technique is used to measure the ternary mutual diffusion coefficients of aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions at 25°C. The dispersion of the injected solutes is recorded by a differential refractometer and an ultraviolet-visible detector. The diffusion coefficients are calculated directly by fitting the theoretical dispersion equations to about six experimental curves simultaneously. If the ternary diffusion effects in the measured dispersion profiles are not confused by the inaccuracy of the experimental method or an unfavorable relative detector sensitivity, the diffusion coefficients are precise. For the system methanol + acetone + water, it is shown that the Taylor dispersion method is unsuitable for the determination of all the diffusion coefficients if the methanol mole fraction is less than 0.45 or the acetone mole fraction if more than 0.001.     

On the Azeotropic Behaviour of Adsorption Systems

This paper addresses the azeotropic behaviour of adsorption occurring on a heterogeneous solid, which is composed of patches of different adsorption energies. One of the adsorbates is excluded from adsorption onto one or more patches. If such species is the weaker adsorbing species, then the azeotropic behaviour does not occur. On the other hand, if that species is the stronger adsorbing species then the azeotropic phenomenon might occur. The occurrence of the azeotropic depends on the relative affinities of all species and the total pressure must be greater than a threshold pressure. We shall illustrate this theory with two systems exhibiting azeotropic behaviour: isobutane/ethylene/13X and propane/carbon dioxide/mordenite.