Weakly separative weakly commutative semigroups

A semigroup S is called a weakly commutative semigroup if, for every a,b∈S, there is a positive integer n such that (ab) ⁿ ∈Sa∩bS. A semigroup S is called archimedean if, for every a,b∈S, there are positive integers m and n such that a ⁿ ∈SbS and b ^m ∈SaS. It is known that every weakly commutative semigroup is a semilattice of weakly commutative archimedean semigroups. A semigroup S is called a weakly separative semigroup if, for every a,b∈S, the assumption a ²=ab=b ² implies a=b. In this paper we show that a weakly commutative semigroup is weakly separative if and only if its archimedean components are weakly cancellative. This result is a generalization of Theorem 4.16 of Clifford and Preston (The Algebraic Theory of Semigroups, Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 1961).     

Some properties of E-m semigroups

In this note we study some properties of E-m semigroups, recently defined by Nordahl in [3]. In particular we study connections with power joined and strongly reversible semigroups. We prove, among other things, that an E-m semigroup is a disjoint union of power joined semigroups.The second part of the paper deals with case m = 2, which presents interesting properties. For undefined terminology and notation the reader is referred to [2].     

On the congruence extension property for compact semigroups

A topological semigroupS is said to have thecongruence extension property (CEP) provided that for each closed subsemigroupT ofS and each closed congruence σ onT, σ can be extended to a closed congruence onS. (That is, ∩(T xT=σ). The main result of this paper gives a characteriation of Γ-compact commutative archimedean semigroups with the congruence extension property (CEP). Consideration of this result was motivated by the problem of characterizing compact commutative semigroups with CEP as follows. It is well known that every commutative semigroup can be expressed as a semilattice of archimedean components each of which contains at most one idempotemt. The components of a compact commutative semigroup need not be compact (nor Γ-compact) as the congruence providing the decomposition is not necessarily closed. However, any component with CEP which is Γ-compact is characterized by the afore-mentioned result. Characterization of components of a compact commutative semigroup having CEP is a natural step towar characterization of the entire semigroup since CEP is a hereditary property. Other results prevented in this paper give a characterization of compact monothetic semigroups with CEP and show that Rees quotients of compact semigroups with CEP retain CEP.     

On pseudo-amenability of commutative semigroup algebras and their second duals

In this paper, we first characterize pseudo-amenability of semigroup algebras \(\ell ^1(S),\) for a certain class of commutative semigroups S,  the so-called archimedean semigroups. We show that for an archimedean semigroup S,  pseudo-amenability, amenability and approximate amenability of \(\ell ^1(S)\) are equivalent. Then for a commutative semigroup S,  we show that pseudo-amenability of \(\ell ^{1}(S)\) implies that S is a Clifford semigroup. Finally, we give some results on pseudo-amenability and approximate amenability of the second dual of a certain class of commutative semigroup algebras \(\ell ^1(S)\).     

Ordered semigroups which are both right commutative and right cancellative

In this paper we prove that each right commutative, right cancellative ordered semigroup (S,.,??) can be embedded into a right cancellative ordered semigroup (T,??,?) such that (T,??) is left simple and right commutative. As a consequence, an ordered semigroup S which is both right commutative and right cancellative is embedded into an ordered semigroup T which is union of pairwise disjoint abelian groups, indexed by a left zero subsemigroup of?T.     

Commutative semigroups whose homomorphic images in groups are groups

In this paper we study commutative semigroups whose every homomorphic image in a group is a group. We find that for a commutative semigroup S, this property is equivalent to S being a union of subsemigroups each of which either has a kernel or else is isomorphic to one of a sequence T₀, T₁, T₂, ... of explicitly given, countably infinite semigroups without idempotents. Moreover, if S is also finitely generated then this property is equivalent to S having a kernel.     

Archimedean ordered semigroups as ideal extensions

The main result of the paper is a structure theorem concerning the ideal extensions of archimedean ordered semigroups. We prove that an archimedean ordered semigroup which contains an idempotent is an ideal extension of a simple ordered semigroup containing an idempotent by a nil ordered semigroup. Conversely, if an ordered semigroup S is an ideal extension of a simple ordered semigroup by a nil ordered semigroup, then S is archimedean. As a consequence, an ordered semigroup is archimedean and contains an idempotent if and only if it is an ideal extension of a simple ordered semigroup containing an idempotent by a nil ordered semigroup.     

具有乘适当断面无交并性质的富足半群

本文主要研究了具有乘适当断面无交并性质的富足半群的若干性质,并证明了半群为具有乘适当断面无交并性质的富足半群当且仅当它是一个矩形带和适当半群的直积。     

CS-indecomposable ordered semigroups

An ordered semigroup S is called CS-indecomposable if the set S × S is the only complete semilattice congruence on S. In the present paper we prove that each ordered semigroup is, uniquely, a complete semilattice of CS-indecomposable semigroups, which means that it can be decomposed into CS-indecomposable components in a unique way. Furthermore, the CS-indecomposable ordered semigroups are exactly the ordered semigroups that do not contain proper filters. Bibliography: 6 titles. Published in Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 343, 2007, pp. 222–232.     

On left regular and intra-regular ordered semigroups

We study the decomposition of left regular ordered semigroups into left regular components and the decomposition of intra-regular ordered semigroups into simple or intra-regular components, adding some additional information to the results considered in [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On left regular ordered semigroups, Math. Japon. 35 (1990), 1057–1060] and [KEHAYOPULU, N.: On intra-regular ordered semigroups, Semigroup Forum 46 (1993), 271–278]. We prove that an ordered semigroup S is left regular if and only if it is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of left regular semigroups, equivalently, it is a union of left regular subsemigroups of S. Moreover, S is left regular if and only if it is a union of pairwise disjoint left regular subsemigroups of S. The right analog also holds. The same result is true if we replace the words “left regular” by “intraregular”. Moreover, an ordered semigroup is intra-regular if and only if it is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of simple semigroups. On the other hand, if an ordered semigroup is a semilattice (or a complete semilattice) of left simple semigroups, then it is left regular, but the converse statement does not hold in general. Illustrative examples are given.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis>-Central Semigroups

A semigroup S is said to be n-central if xⁿ belongs to the center of S for every x S. We prove that every n-central semigroup is a semilattice of archimedean n-central semigroups. We obtain characterizations of simple (0-simple) n-central semigroups and describe subdirectly irreducible n-central semigroups. We also deal with the connection of n-central semigroups and E-k semigroups.     

Semigroups whose endomorphisms are power functions

For any commutative semigroup S and any positive integer m, the power function f:S→S defined by f(x)=x ^m is an endomorphism of S. In this paper we characterize finite cyclic semigroups as those finite commutative semigroups whose endomorphisms are power functions. We also prove that if S is a finite commutative semigroup with 1≠0, then every endomorphism of S preserving 1 and 0 is equal to a power function if and only if either S is a finite cyclic group with zero adjoined or S is a cyclic nilsemigroup with identity adjoined. Immediate consequences of the results are, on the one hand, a characterization of commutative rings whose multiplicative endomorphisms are power functions given by Greg Oman in the paper (Semigroup Forum, 86 (2013), 272–278), and on the other hand, a partial solution of Problem 1 posed by Oman in the same paper.     

Permanent Semigroups

A permanent semigroup is a semigroup of n × n matrices on which the permanent function is multiplicative. If the underlying ring is an infinite integral domain with characteristic p > n or characteristic 0 we prove that any permanent semigroup consists of matrices with at most one nonzero diagonal. The same result holds if the ring is a finite field with characteristic p > n and at least n²+n elements. We also consider the Kronecker product of permanent semigroups and show that the Kronecker product of permanent semigroups is a permanent semigroup if and only if the pennanental analogue of the formula for the determinant of a Kronecker product of two matrices holds. This latter result holds even when the matrix entries are from a commutative ring with unity.     

Note on exclusive semigroups

In the SEMIGROUP FORUM, Vol. 1, No. 1, B. M. Schein proposed the following problem: Describe the structure of semigroups S such that for every a,b,c∈S, abc=ab, bc or ac. At present, we shall call such a semigroup S anexclusive semigroup. Recently, the author heard that the structure of commutative exclusive semigroups was completely determined by T. Tamura [3]. In this paper, we deal with exclusive semigroups which are not necessarily commutative. The paper is divided into three sections. At first, the structure of exclusive semigroups whose idempotents form a rectangular band will be clarified. Next, we shall investigate a certain class of exclusive semigroups called “exclusive homobands”. Especially, in the final section we shall deal with medial exclusive homobands and show how to construct them. The proofs are omitted and will be given in detail elsewhere.     

Affine stratifications from finite misère quotients

Given a morphism from an affine semigroup to an arbitrary commutative monoid, it is shown that every fiber possesses an affine stratification: a partition into a finite disjoint union of translates of normal affine semigroups. The proof rests on mesoprimary decomposition of monoid congruences and a novel list of equivalent conditions characterizing the existence of an affine stratification. The motivating consequence of the main result is a special case of a conjecture due to Guo and the author on the existence of affine stratifications for (the set of winning positions of) any lattice game. The special case proved here assumes that the lattice game has finite misère quotient, in the sense of Plambeck and Siegel.     

阿基米德序半群的链(英文)

本文通过一个序半群S上的一些二元关系以及它的理想(右理想,双理想)的根集分别给出了该序半群是阿基米德(右阿基米德,t-阿基米德)序子半群的链的刻画.进一步证明了准素序半群是阿基米德序半群的链.最后,通过素根定理证明了序半群S是阿基米德序子半群的链当且仅当S是阿基米德序子半群的半格且S的所有素理想关于集合的包含关系构成链.     

关于弱交换PO—半群中的一个问题

本文引入弱交换ｐｏ－半群的概论２，研究这类半群到Ａｒｃｈｉｍｅｄｅａｎ子半群的半格分解，得到了这半群类似于具平凡序的弱交换半群的一个特征，由此在更一般的情形下回答了Ｋｅｈａｙｏｐｕｌｕ在「１」中提出的一个问题，并作为推论得到弱交换ｐｏｅ－半群和具平凡序的弱交换半群的已知结果。     

序半群的阿基米德半群的半格分解

本文通过一个序半群S上的一些二元关系以及它的理想的根集的性质该序半群是阿基米德半群的半格,特别地是阿基米德半群的链的刻划,证明了S是阿基米德链当且仅当S是准素的.通过序半群的m-系的概念,证明了S的任意半素理想是含它的所有素理想的交,并通过该结论,证明了S是阿基米德半群的链当且仅当S是阿基米德半群的半格且S的所有素理想关于集包含关系构成链.作为应用,该结论在一般的半群（没有序）[1]中也成立.     

Power Centralized Semigroups

A semigroup is said to be power centralized if for every pair of elements x and y there exists a power of x commuting with y. The structure of power centralized groups and semigroups is investigated. In particular, we characterize 0-simple power centralized semigroups and describe subdirectly irreducible power centralized semigroups. Connections between periodic semigroups with central idempotents and periodic power commutative semigroups are discussed.