聚乙烯单晶的退火效应

用混合晶红外光谱法和ＳＡＸＳ、ＤＳＣ和ＬＡＭ等方法研究了聚乙烯单晶在７５℃、９０℃和１０５℃退火前后的结构变化，发现在９０℃以下和１０５℃以上退火，遵循不同的退火机制     

Rb2SO4-n-prOH-H2O三元体系10℃,30℃及50℃的等温平衡溶解度

采用半微量相平衡装置,测定了Rb2SO4-n-prOH-H2O三元体系10℃,30℃和50℃的等温平衡溶解度.这三个温度下体系的平衡固相皆为无水Rb2SO4.在30℃和50℃时体系在共饱和点处出现三相:醇相,水相和固相,而体系在10℃时溶液相不分层.确定了体系的分层温度,同时给出了体系10℃的溶解度关系式.     

Rb2O4—n—prOH—H2O三元体系10℃，30℃及50℃的等温平衡溶解度

采用半微量相平衡装置，测定了Rb2O4-n-prOH-H2O三元体系10℃，30℃和50℃的等温平衡溶解度。这三个温度下体系的平衡固相皆为无水Rb2O4。在30℃和50℃时体系在共饱和点处出现三相：醇相，水相和固相，而体系在10℃时溶液相不分层，确定了体系的分层温度，同时给出了体系10℃的溶解度关系式。     

MgSo4—C2H5OH—H2O三元系汽—液—固平衡的研究

H测定过MgSO_4-C_2H_5OH-H_2三元系在25℃、50℃、75℃的液固平衡和部分不饱和溶液汽液平衡的总压和分压。本文补充了30℃、0℃和-5℃时的溶解度数据,得到分层温度和浓度范围,绘出了溶解度图。测定了25℃和30℃饱和溶液的密度,粘度和平衡总压力。根据Jaques“假二元系”理论用Wilson、Uniquac和NRTL活度方程计算了溶     

用UVM-2型声速仪测定冻土弹性波速

利用ＵＶＭ－２型声速仪和自行研制的超声换能器对冻结兰州黄土进行了测定,在不同温度（－１℃、－２℃、－４℃、－６℃、－８℃、－１０℃、－１２℃、－１４℃、－１６℃、－１８℃和－２０℃）下测定了冻土的纵波速度和横波速度,测定结果显示,ＵＶＭ－２仪具有较高的测量精度,延时精度１０ｎｓ,而且具有自动化程度高、人为测量延时误差小和测量结果重复性好的特点。     

杉木热解及燃烧特性热天平模拟试验研究

对南方森林主要树种－杉木的变工况热解行为进行了热重分析（TG）和差热分析(DTG)研究。将试样分别加热到200 ℃、300 ℃、400 ℃和500 ℃做空气变氮气、氮气变空气热天平试验,模拟实际火场由于火势发展产生的局部缺氧状态及由缺氧状态转变为富氧的状态;在空气气氛下将试样分别加热到250 ℃、300 ℃、350 ℃、400 ℃和450 ℃,然后冷却到50 ℃再继续加热直到700 ℃,模拟火场中可燃物不完全燃烧后的回燃情况。通过试验结果分析,深入研究了环境气氛变化对试样热解的影响。给出了杉木热解的两阶段一级反应模型,通过模型计算得出在233.3 ℃～369.9 ℃、369.9 ℃～490.8 ℃热解二阶段的活化能分别为77.85 kJ·mol－1、138.18 kJ·mo－1,频率因子分别为1.95×106、 4.84×109。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融污染物排放研究

在40℃-1400℃,升温速率为10℃/min,N2气氛下,利用热重分析仪,研究了飞灰熔融过程中污染物排放特点。实验发现,飞灰熔融过程中有分布在800℃-1000℃和1000℃-1200℃的两个主要失重峰;进一步在小试实验装置上收集并测定了熔融失重挥发物及气体污染物,讨论熔融过程中的质量分布规律。研究结果表明,飞灰熔融过程中在上述两个温度段的重金属和气体污染物均超标,如果处理不当会造成严重的二次污染。     

反相气相色谱表征可溶性聚酰亚胺的表面性质

采用反相气相色谱技术,将正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、正壬烷作为非极性分子探针,乙醚、丙酮、三氯甲烷作为极性分子探针在50℃、60℃、70℃和80℃条件下测定了可溶性聚酰亚胺HQDPA-DMMDA的表面色散自由能与表面Lewis酸碱性质.HQDPA-DMMDA在50℃、60℃、70℃和80℃的表面色散自由能分别为34.37、31.80、29.50和27.64 mJ/m2,自由能随温度的升高而线性降低.实验发现,HQDPA-DMMDA为弱的Lewis两性聚合物材料,其Lewis酸常数Ka为0.4115,碱常数Kb为0.5812.     

均聚物调节的金纳米粒子光及催化活性

在均聚物甲基丙烯酸N,N-2甲氨基乙酯（PDMAEMA）存在下通过硼氢化钠原位还原制备金纳米粒子,其尺寸通过金与DMAEMA的摩尔比调节．PDMAEMA水溶液在pH10和14分别在25℃和50℃发生相转变,而由于金纳米粒子具有疏水性,PDMAEMA稳定的金纳米粒子胶体水溶液在pH10时在47℃发生相变．PDMAEMA具有pH和温度敏感特性,其稳定的金纳米粒子胶体水溶液在光和催化性能方面表现出pH可调节的温度敏感特性．在pH2的酸性条件下,胶体水溶液从20℃到65℃升温过程中在518nm处发生表面等离子吸收;在pH10碱性条件下,胶体水溶液在20℃-40℃温度范围内在518nm处出现表面等离子吸收,而在40℃-65℃温度范围内吸收从518nm红移到545nm．当用金纳米粒子做催化剂催化对硝基苯酚的还原反应时,其催化活性可根据PDMAEMA在较高和较低温度对反应物分子的渗透性改变进行调节．     

基于裂解气质联用分析的生物质逐级热解研究

为探究生物质快速热解反应历程,利用裂解气质联用仪对生物质进行逐级热解实验,考察在不同温度区间热解液体产物组分的分布规律。实验结果表明,生物质的化学组成和热解温度区间对热解液体产物都有重要影响。桉木在25℃~400℃热解液体产物较少,主要是吡喃和芳香类化合物,其中5,6-二氢-4-羟基-吡喃-2-酮相对峰面积随温度升高而降低;在450℃~500℃热解液体产物种类和产量均较多,主要以酮类和芳香类化合物为主。玉米芯热解规律和桉木的相似,但在25℃~350℃主要以呋喃类化合物为主,主要热解液体产物是2,3-二氢-苯并呋喃和2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚,在400℃~450℃热解液体产物以酮类化合物为主。生物质主要化学组分在不同温度区间热解得到不同液体产物,对其进行选择性热解,能够有效实现生物质资源的综合利用。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.