杨氏实验中飞秒光脉冲的光谱移动和光谱开关

从惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式出发,对飞秒光脉冲在杨氏实验中的光谱移动和光谱开关做了研究和数值分析.结果表明,飞秒光脉冲在杨氏实验中也会出现光谱移动和光谱开关.一般情况下,光谱开关与脉冲宽度、载波频率、遮拦比和场点位置有关.光谱开关的数目随遮拦比的减小而减小,而发生光谱开关处的相对光谱移动随载波频率和脉冲宽度的减小而增加.因光谱开关极小值Smin=0,所以光谱开关属于奇点光学现象.可通过适当改变遮拦比来实现信息编码和信息传输.     

杨氏实验远场的光谱位移和光谱开关

从部分相干光的传输定律出发，研究了杨氏双缝实验远场的光谱变化。指出杨氏实验中光谱开关在远场也会出现.缝的衍射和光的空间相干性是产生光谱开关的物理原因，增大缝参量ε和源的空间相关度△光谱开关效应越显著。作了详细的数值计算以说明远场光谱位移和光谱开关的特性，并与已有的工作进行了比较。     

衍射扭曲高斯-谢尔模型光束在远场的光谱移动和光谱开关

从部分相干光的传输理论出发,研究了被光阑衍射扭曲高斯-谢尔模型光束远场的光谱变化规律。结果表明,扭曲高斯-谢尔模型光束在远场也会出现光谱移动和光谱开关效应。与衍射高斯-谢尔模型光束情况相比,光谱移动和光谱开关效应不仅与光束空间相关性、截断参量和源光谱谱宽有关,光束的扭曲因子也会对衍射扭曲高斯-谢尔模型光束远场的光谱移动和光谱开关效应产生影响。通过数值计算结果详细讨论了光束扭曲因子影响衍射扭曲高斯-谢尔模型远场光谱的规律。     

To the Calculation of Widths and Shifts of Microwave Spectral lines

Within the framework of semiclassical collision theory, the method of rigorous calculation of widths and shifts of spectral lines is suggested that is not limited by the second order of perturbation theory and two-level approximation. Calculations are performed for spectral lines of a number of molecules perturbed by a classical dipole, and the deviation of the results obtained within the framework of rigorous theory from those obtained within the framework of the Anderson theory [1–4] is estimated.     

To the Nonadditivity Mechanism of Collisionally-Perturbed Spectral Line Widths and Shifts

A qualitative mechanism of violation of the additivity of frequency shifts of molecular collisionally-perturbed spectral lines suggested in [1] has been confirmed. On the examples of ammonium and other diatomic molecules, the determining role of the intermediate mechanism, linking strong and week molecular collision regions and leading to the observed nonadditivity of line broadening and shifts, is demonstrated.     

Spectral Gap and Transience for Ruelle Operators on Countable Markov Shifts

We find a necessary and sufficient condition for the Ruelle operator of a weakly Hölder continuous potential on a topologically mixing countable Markov shift to act with spectral gap on some rich Banach space. We show that the set of potentials satisfying this condition is open and dense for a variety of topologies. We then analyze the complement of this set (in a finer topology) and show that among the three known obstructions to spectral gap (weak positive recurrence, null recurrence, transience), transience is open and dense, and null recurrence and weak positive recurrence have empty interior.     

基于小波变换的多组分药物计算光度分析法

本文将小波变换与主成分回归法相结合，提出一种新的多组分药物计算光度分析方法。通过有效去除原始数据中所含的噪声，提高了多组分光度分析计算的准确性和稳定性。将其用于氯霉素、醋酸地塞米松以及尼泊金乙酯药物体系分析，与主成分回归法相比，分析计算结果总平均相对误差由１．４８％下降到０．４６％。     

Sonolytic and sonophotolytic degradation of Carbamazepine: Kinetic and mechanisms

An in-depth investigation on the ultrasonic decomposition of Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most regularly identified drugs in the environment, was conducted. The effects of diverse variables were evaluated, such as frequency, power, solution pH, initial CBZ concentration and varied inorganic anions. Reaction order was determined on the basis of analyzing reaction kinetics of CBZ degradation. The sonophotolysis and photolysis of CBZ was also examined in this contribution. The influence of water composition on the sonolytic and sonophotolytic elimination of CBZ was analyzed. Additionally, 21 intermediates were identified during sonolytic degradation of CBZ based on LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis, among which two escaped from the detection in previous studies. Possible decay pathways were proposed accordingly. The epoxidation, cleavage of double bond, hydration, hydroxylation, ring contraction and intramolecular cyclization were believed to be involved in sonochemical degradation of CBZ.     

相对化学位移值：获得CH基团中氢原子精确化学位移值的一种简单方法

为了解决CH基团中氢原子的精确化学位移值的问题,引入相对化学位移值概念．内标法和外标法用于测量全浓度范围的N-甲基乙酰胺水溶液．对于同一个分子来说,选择分子内某个基团的氢原子化 学位移作为一个标准值,得到的其它基团氢原子相对化学位移值随温度和浓度的变化是和测试方法无关的．     

The Spectral Shift Function and Spectral Flow

At the 1974 International Congress, I. M. Singer proposed that eta invariants and hence spectral flow should be thought of as the integral of a one form. In the intervening years this idea has lead to many interesting developments in the study of both eta invariants and spectral flow. Using ideas of [24] Singer’s proposal was brought to an advanced level in [16] where a very general formula for spectral flow as the integral of a one form was produced in the framework of noncommutative geometry. This formula can be used for computing spectral flow in a general semifinite von Neumann algebra as described and reviewed in [5]. In the present paper we take the analytic approach to spectral flow much further by giving a large family of formulae for spectral flow between a pair of unbounded self-adjoint operators D and D +  V with D having compact resolvent belonging to a general semifinite von Neumann algebra and the perturbation . In noncommutative geometry terms we remove summability hypotheses. This level of generality is made possible by introducing a new idea from [3]. There it was observed that M. G. Krein’s spectral shift function (in certain restricted cases with V trace class) computes spectral flow. The present paper extends Krein’s theory to the setting of semifinite spectral triples where D has compact resolvent belonging to and V is any bounded self-adjoint operator in . We give a definition of the spectral shift function under these hypotheses and show that it computes spectral flow. This is made possible by the understanding discovered in the present paper of the interplay between spectral shift function theory and the analytic theory of spectral flow. It is this interplay that enables us to take Singer’s idea much further to create a large class of one forms whose integrals calculate spectral flow. These advances depend critically on a new approach to the calculus of functions of non-commuting operators discovered in [3] which generalizes the double operator integral formalism of [8–10]. One surprising conclusion that follows from our results is that the Krein spectral shift function is computed, in certain circumstances, by the Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem [2].     

Shifts of electronicKX-rays in muonic atoms

Energies of electronicKX-rays in muonic atoms were calculated for muons in various outer orbitals and for different numbers of electrons. Energy shifts were obtained with respect to characteristic X-rays belonging to nuclear charge (Z?1) and their possible observation is discussed. The shifts in muonic Sn as an example amount to 19, 37, and 59 eV for the muon in 5g, 6h, and 7i states respectively. However, shifts due to the number of electrons present and the electron vacancy distribution in theL-shell are significantly larger. Accurate measurements of theKX-ray energies would therefore enable us to learn more about the electronic structure during the muonic cascade.     

克尔效应导致的鬼像位置移动

在近轴条件下,利用矩阵光学的方法研究了高功率高斯光束通过不同光学元件时,克尔效应导致的介质折射率的变化对鬼像位置的影响.计算了单个双凸透镜,单个双凹透镜以及4F系统中反射光线形成的低阶鬼像的位置移动,并将鬼像位置移动的规律表示为入射光束束腰和峰值光强的函数.     

Approximation and Equidistribution of Phase Shifts: Spherical Symmetry

Consider a semiclassical Hamiltonian $$H_{V, h} := h^{2} \Delta + V - E,$$ where h > 0 is a semiclassical parameter, Δ is the positive Laplacian on ${\mathbb{R}^{d}, V}$ is a smooth, compactly supported central potential function and E > 0 is an energy level. In this setting the scattering matrix S _h (E) is a unitary operator on ${L^2(\mathbb{S}^{d-1})}$ , hence with spectrum lying on the unit circle; moreover, the spectrum is discrete except at 1. We show under certain additional assumptions on the potential that the eigenvalues of S _h (E) can be divided into two classes: a finite number ${\sim c_d (R\sqrt{E}/h)^{d-1}}$ , as ${h \to 0}$ , where B(0, R) is the convex hull of the support of the potential, that equidistribute around the unit circle, and the remainder that are all very close to 1. Semiclassically, these are related to the rays that meet the support of, and hence are scattered by, the potential, and those that do not meet the support of the potential, respectively. A similar property is shown for the obstacle problem in the case that the obstacle is the ball of radius R.     

Force-Free Interactions and Nondispersive Phase Shifts in Interferometry

Zeilinger's observation that phenomena of the Aharonov-Bohm type lead to non-dispersive, i.e., energy-independent, phase shifts in interferometers is generalized in a new proof which shows that the precise condition for nondispersivity is a force-free interaction. The converse theorem is disproved by a conceptual counter-example. Applications to several nondispersive interference phenomena are reviewed briefly. Those fall into two classes which are objectively distinct from each other in that in the first class phase shifts depend only on the topology of the interfering beam paths, while in the second class force-free physical interactions take place at identifiable points along the path. Apparent disagreements in the literature about the topological nature of the phenomena in the second class stem from differing definitions.     

氮原子在800 nm附近的同位素位移

The Doppler-limited absorption spectra of ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N atoms were measured around 800 nm using concentration modulation spectroscopy to study their isotope shifts. The nitrogen atoms were generated by discharging molecular nitrogen buffered with helium in a homemade discharge tube. The isotope shifts of four multiplets (3s⁴P_J→3p⁴D_J^o, 3s⁴P_J→3p⁴P_J^o, 3s²D_J→5s²P_J^o, and 3p²P_J^o→5s²D_J^o) were measured and their J-dependent specific mass shifts were observed and discussed.     

K-Theoretic Duality for Shifts of Finite Type

We will study the stable and unstable Ruelle algebras associated to a hyperbolic homeomorphism of a compact space. To do this, we will describe a notion of K-theoretic duality for -algebras which generalizes Spanier-Whitehead duality in topology. A criterion for checking that it holds is presented. As an application it is shown that the Ruelle algebras which are associated to subshifts of finite type, (and agree with Cuntz-Krieger algebras in this case) satisfy this criterion and hence are dual. Received: 23 February 1996 / Accepted: 10 December     

光谱成像仪快速光谱定标方法研究

光谱定标是确定光谱仪器各通道中心波长的过程,为了获取光谱辐亮度,通常需要对光谱仪器进行辐射定标,将光谱仪器输出的数值,映射为物理量——辐亮度。不同的光谱仪器的光谱响应不同,因此还需要在光谱定标过程中确定各个通道的光谱响应。光谱成像仪可以看成是多个光谱仪组成的,需要对所有点的中心波长和光谱响应进行定标。自第一台成像光谱仪诞生以来,其定标方法逐渐固定,通常需要采用光谱分辨率较光谱成像仪更高的单色仪输出准单色光进行光谱定标,其准单色光的光谱带宽远小于光谱成像仪的光谱响应带宽,可以将准单色光抽象为脉冲函数。根据脉冲函数的特性,改变准单色光的波长,扫描光谱成像仪的响应波长范围,是对光谱响应函数进行间隔采样的过程,通过光谱定标数据可以直接得到光谱成像仪的中心波长和光谱响应函数。随着技术的发展,探测器的灵敏度越来越高,光谱成像仪的分辨率也越来越高,为了完成光谱定标,对光谱定标需要的准单色光提出了更高的要求。然而准单色光的带宽越窄,其能量越低,获取满足信噪比要求的数据需要更长的时间,使定标的效率降低。从光谱定标的目的出发,结合准单色光和光谱成像仪光谱响应近似高斯函数的特点,通过理论分析,提出一种利用宽...     

K-原子能移和宽度的唯象分析

尝试用Woods-Saxon形式的光学势来分析K原子，通过拟合一系列K原子数据，得到了一套最佳光学势参数. 把得到的这套光学势和前人的其它几种光学势在接近核表面处作了比较，发现他们彼此符合得很好. 另外，与核子-核势相比较，对于虚部势，K-核的Woods-Saxon势与核子-核的很相似，但是对于实部，K-核势要更深更窄一些.     

Decidability of Irreducible Tree Shifts of Finite Type

Journal of Statistical Physics - We consider N particles in the plane, influenced by a general external potential, that are subject to the Coulomb interaction in two dimensions at inverse...     

基于完全波形的反射和吸收特征的非线性光谱相似性度量与检索——非线性光谱角制图

提出了一种新的光谱相似性度量方法,即非线性光谱角制图。该方法一方面利用核主成分分析(PCA)方法实现非线性变换和去除波段间的强相关性;另一方面,在变换空间中合并光谱的反射特征和吸收特征。最后,用光谱角制图方法对合并后的反射和吸收特征向量进行相似性度量。实验表明该方法在光谱相似性度量和检索中是有效的。