A method to evaluate the relative weights of structural and functional constraints on a genome

Summary A method that numerically evaluates the relative influence of structural or functional constraints on the codon composition of a gene is presented. The method applies to any constraint provided that it can be translated intoa priori probability table of codon usage. The method is very easy to apply to different constraints and to different pools of sequences. Theoretical codon usage obtained from a linear combination of the various constraints was compared with experimental codon frequencies of several classes of genes taxonomically homogeneous and, applying a minimization tecnique, the relative weights of the examined constraints have been evaluated. The results show that a common strategy exists for all coding sequences even though most of the constraints are represented by different probability tables for different pools of genes. We also demonstrate that the method is reliable when it is applied to a single gene, so that it can also be used as a tool to predict the characteristics of a gene from its sequence.     

改进的相对转移熵的癫痫脑电分析

脑电信号是由脑神经活动产生并且始终存在于中枢神经系统的自发性电位活动,是一种重要的生物电信号. 脑电信号是非常微弱的且是非线性的,脑电信号也具有时间不可逆性. 本文提出了一种新的基于正向序列转移概率与逆向序列转移概率的相对熵方法即相对转移熵方法,并应用此方法研究了正常脑电与癫痫脑电的不可逆性,实验结果显示癫痫患者的脑电信号的不可逆性明显小于正常人的脑电信号的不可逆性. 这说明改进的相对转移熵可以作为一个物理过程不可逆程度的度量参数,这使得应用脑电信号区分病人是否患有癫痫疾病具有积极指导意义. 关键词： 相对转移熵 脑电信号 符号化 时间不可逆性     

Improvement of the relative entropy based protein folding method

The “relative entropy” has been used as a minimization function to predict the tertiary structure of a protein backbone, and good results have been obtained. However, in our previous work, the ensemble average of the contact potential was estimated by an approximate calculation. In order to improve the theoretical integrity of the relative-entropy-based method, a new theoretical calculation method of the ensemble average of the contact potential was presented in this work, which is based on the thermodynamic perturbation theory. Tests of the improved algorithm were performed on twelve small proteins. The root mean square deviations of the predicted versus the native structures from Protein Data Bank range from 0.40 to 0.60 nm. Compared with the previous approximate values, the average prediction accuracy is improved by 0.04 nm. Contributed equally to this work Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30670497), the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 5072002), and the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 200800050003)     

Hybrid method for the determination of the relative orientation between displaced images

A hybrid method for solving the problem of the determination of the relative orientation between two displaced images is described. The method is based on obtaining the angular distribution of the power spectrum by means of a rotating slit placed on the Fourier plane, and concentrating the passing light intensity into a detector. The signal is introduced into the computer where the correlation function with the following signal of another image is calculated.     

Determination of the relative excitation in a two-mode gaslaser

A simple method is developed for the determination of the relative excitation $\text{H}$ in a two-mode gaslaser. It suffices to measure, in relative units, the intensity of a mode at two different frequencies in order to determine $\text{H}$.     

On the relative stability of states and first-order phase transition in systems far from equilibrium

A method for classifying the states of a macroscopic dissipative system according to their stability with respect to finite-amplitude localized fluctuations and perturbations is presented. Since the method does not rely on a extremum principle it is applicable to open systems far from equilibrium. It appears that in general there exists at most one absolutely stable state (up to symmetry). Simple examples are given for systems without absolutely stable state.     

Determination of the temperature of the onset of ion transport from the temperature dependence of the relative change in the ultrasound velocity in the lithium ceramic Li-Si-Ge-As-S-O

An ultrasonic method is used to study the onset of ion transport inlithium oxides in a ceramic of the Li-Si-Ge-As-S-O system. The onset temperature for ion transport estimated from the temperature dependence of the relative change in the propagation speed of ultrasound is the same as that obtained by other methods, which indicates that the ultrasonic method is applicable to studies of the onset of ion conductivity inlithium oxide semiconductors. Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 69, 137–138 (May 1999)     

Radar sensor network for target detection using Chernoff information and relative entropy

In this paper, we propose to apply information theory to Ultra wide band (UWB) radar sensor network (RSN) to detect target in foliage environment. Information theoretic algorithms such as Maximum entropy method (MEM) and mutual information are proven methods, that can be applied to data collected by various sensors. However, the complexity of the environment poses uncertainty in fusion center. Chernoff information provides the best error exponent of detection in Bayesian environment. In this paper, we consider the target detection as binary hypothesis testing and use Chernoff information as sensor selection criterion, which significantly reduces the processing load. Another strong information theoretic algorithm, method of types, is applicable to our MEM based target detection algorithm as entropy is dependent on the empirical distribution only. Method of types analyzes the probability of a sequence based on empirical distribution. Based on this, we can find the bound on probability of detection. We also propose to use Relative entropy based processing in the fusion center based on method of types and Chernoff Stein Lemma. We study the required quantization level and number of nodes in gaining the best error exponent. The performance of the algorithms were evaluated, based on real world data.     

Free energy and the relative entropy

Under the assumption of an identity determining the free energy of a state of a statistical mechanical system relative to a given equilibrium state by means of the relative entropy, it is shown: first, that there is in any physically definable convex set of states a unique state of minimum free energy measured relative to a given equilibrium state; second, that if a state has finite free energy relative to an equilibrium state, then the set of its time translates is a weakly relatively compact set; and third, that a unique perturbed equilibrium state exists following a change in Hamiltonian that is bounded below.     

一类含Mathieu-Duffing振子的相对转动系统的分岔和混沌

建立了一类具有Mathieu-Duffing振子的两质量相对转动系统的非线性动力学方程. 应用多尺度法求解该系统发生主共振-基本参数共振的分岔响应方程,并通过奇异性分析得到系统稳态响应的转迁集. 利用Melnikov方法讨论系统在外激扰动和参激扰动变化下的全局分岔和系统进入混沌状态的可能途径,得到外激和参激幅值变化下系统可能出现多次通向混沌的道路,获得系统发生混沌的必要条件. 最后采用数值方法验证了理论研究的有效性. 关键词： 相对转动 Mathieu-Duffing振子 混沌 Melnikov方法     

Theoretical and nonlinear behavior analysis of a flexible rotor supported by a relative short herringbone-grooved gas journal-bearing system

This paper considers the bifurcation and nonlinear behavior of a flexible rotor supported by a relative short herringbone-grooved gas journal bearing system. A numerical method is employed to a time-dependent mathematical model. A finite difference method with successive over relation method is employed to solve the Reynolds’ equation. The system state trajectory, Poincaré maps, power spectra, and bifurcation diagrams are used to analyze the dynamic behavior of the rotor and journal centers in the horizontal and vertical directions under different operating conditions. The analysis reveals a complex dynamic behavior comprising periodic and quasi-periodic response of the rotor and journal centers. It further shown the dynamic behavior of this type of system varies with changes in bearing number and rotor mass. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the nonlinear dynamics of herringbone-grooved gas journal bearing systems.     

基于视觉的车辆与轨道相对振动状态测量方法研究

车辆与轨道相对振动状态对轨道线形测量有重要影响;分析了传统检测车辆与轨道相对振动状态测量方法的缺陷,提出一种基于视觉的车轨相对振动状态测量方法,以轨道建立世界坐标系,以车体建立车体坐标系。考虑相机镜头畸变,建立相机非线性模型,基于机器人手眼方法标定相机与车体,求解相机内外参数。依据车体运动姿态特征,推导基于双目机器视觉的车辆运动姿态偏移补偿计算方法;运用实验平台设计验证实验,通过计算所得的车体振动位移与真实值高度吻合,随着车速增加振动位移误差也随之增大,验证了该方法的正确性和可行性;提供一种车辆与轨道相对振动状态测量方法。     

一类含三势阱Mathieu-Duffing振子的相对转动系统的分岔和混沌

建立了一类具有三势阱Mathieu-Duffing振子的两质量相对转动系统的非线性动力学方程.应用多尺度法和奇异性理论分析该系统在非自治情况下的余维3分岔特性.利用Melnikov方法获得系统在Smale马蹄意义下混沌的阈值.最后通过数值仿真,研究了系统的混沌行为和安全盆分岔,得到安全盆被侵蚀的过程与系统通向混沌的过程之间密切联系.     

基于相对微分计盒法的人造目标分形检测

对光电目标进行自动检测与识别是导弹末端智能制导的一项关键技术。基于图像分形维计算的相对微分计盒法,提出了一套实用的自然背景中人造目标的检测方法,给出了检测窗口与尺度选择的标准与参考值。大量实验证明,分形检测方法比传统的最大对比度检测方法稳定,是一种非常有前途的方法。     

A simple-looking relative of the Novikov,Hirota-Satsuma and Sawada-Kotera equations

We study the simple-looking scalar integrable equation f_xxt 3( f_x f_t 1) = 0, which is related (in different ways) to the Novikov, Hirota-Satsuma and Sawada-Kotera equations. For this equation we present a Lax pair, a Bäcklund transformation, soliton and merging soliton solutions (some exhibiting instabilities), two infinite hierarchies of conservation laws, an infinite hierarchy of continuous symmetries, a Painlevé series, a scaling reduction to a third order ODE and its Painlevé series, and the Hirota form (giving further multisoliton solutions).     

Pressure-dependent EXAFS mean-square relative displacements of germanium and silicon crystals

In this paper, the statistical moment method (SMM) has been developed to study the pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities of germanium and silicon crystals. We have derived the analytical expressions of the pressure-dependent parallel mean-square relative displacement (MSRD) or extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) Debye–Waller factor, mean-square displacement (MSD) as well as lattice constant and volume change of diamond-type crystals. Numerical calculations performed for these semiconductors up to 11 GPa are found to be in good and reasonable agreement with available experimental data as well as with previous theoretical studies. Our results indicate that the SMM can be efficiently used for determining the relative change of the pressure-dependent MSRDs of germanium and silicon semiconductors. The research also shows the advantage of SMM on studying other thermodynamic properties of materials under high pressures.     

Quantum relative states

We study quantum state estimation problems where the reference system with respect to which the state is measured should itself be treated quantum mechanically. In this situation, the difference between the system and the reference tends to fade. We investigate how the overlap between two pure quantum states can be optimally estimated, in several scenarios, and we re-visit homodyne detection. uantum information     

Photochromism mechanism and relative stability of dinitrobenzylpyridine

UV and IR spectra, are considered, together with the effects of temperature, solvents, and radiation intensity for this class of compound; the conditions for observing the effects are reported. The mechanism is elucidated via calculations of the relative stability of the tautomers of-dinitrobenzylpyridine by the Pariser-Parr-Pople method. It is found that the most probable structure for the colored form is an acynitro one, and the acidity of the solution determines whether this exists in the neutral, or anionic form. This agrees with the kinetics of the reverse reaction.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 68–73, April 1972.     

Faraday相对法测定磁化率的原理和方法

介绍一种测量物质磁化率的实验原理和方法。