生成超重核的熔合反应中的动力学形变效应

利用包含动力学势能面的双核模型对超重核的生成机制中的一些问题进行了研究。对双核系统的粒子交换势能面进行的计算结果表明,反应过程中原子核动力学形变对于粒子交换势能面的结构有显著的影响。进一步计算了生成超重核的熔合几率,结果显示,原子核的动力学形变导致内熔合位垒升高,进而明显降低了生成超重核的熔合几率。Some aspects in the fusion mechanism for the production of superheavy nuclei are investigated with the dinuclear system model with dynamical potential energy surface. The calculation results about the potential energy surface indicate that the inclusion of nuclear dynamical deformation affects the structure of potential energy surface significantly.The investigation on the fusion probability to synthesize superheavy nuclei indicates that the fusion probability decreases significantly due to the increase of the inner fusion barrier for the inclusion of the nuclear dynamical deformation.     

超重核合成中的靶核形变效应

利用额外推力模型研究了48Ca+238U超重核合成过程中的靶核形变效应.计算表明,在近垒和垒下能区,靶核形变使超重核合成截面明显增强.对于48Ca+238U反应,由于靶核形变蒸发残余截面增大了几倍.同时与球形靶核相比,形变靶核时蒸发残余激发函数的峰位移向较低能量.Effects of target deformation on the synthesis of superheavy nucleus~(283)112 are investigated in the framework of extra-push model. Our results show that the cross sections of the 3n evaporation residue in the~(48)Ca+~(238)U reaction for the case of β_2=0.275 are several times larger than those of β_2=0. Meanwhile, the peak position of ER excitation function in the case of deformed target is shifted to the lower energy as compared to the one of spherical target.     

可能合成的超重核的alpha衰变能和半衰期

本文考察和研究了将来可能在实验上合成的超重新元素和新核素的基态性质。研究的重点主要放在原子核的alpha衰变能和半衰期。详细比较和讨论了不同理论模型计算的alpha衰变能和半衰期。通过这些计算和比较,从理论上提出了将来在实验上比较容易合成的超重新元素和新核素的性质。理论计算结果可为将来的超重核实验提供理论参考。     

超重核α衰变寿命的理论研究

建立了计算球形核α衰变寿命的新模型——密度依赖的结团模型(DDCM)。在此基础上,通过引入子核的形变自由度,发展了形变的密度依赖的结团模型, 编写了形变的DDCM程序。并系统计算了Z=106—110的超重核α衰变寿命。通过与已有的实验数据的对比分析, 发现理论结果和实验数据符合得很好,验证了DDCM在超重核区域的适用性。We proposed a deformed version of density dependent cluster model (DDCM) by including nuclear deformation of the daughter nucleus. A systematic calculation of α decay half lives of superheavy nuclei (Z=106—110) is carried out by the deformed DDCM. The good agreement between theory and data is obtained. It is shown that the deformed DDCM works well in the superheavy mass region.     

超重核合成的同位素依赖探讨

利用二参量Smoluchowski方程计算了54Fe+204Pb,56Fe+206Pb,58Fe+208Pb冷熔合和32,34,36S+238U热熔合的复合核形成截面和蒸发残余截面, 结果清楚地显示出超重核合成截面随同位素的变化。 由于较低的入射道库仑位垒、 较低的不对称裂变谷中的条件鞍点和较小的中子分离能, 一般地说, 丰中子同位素的超重核形成截面明显增强。 The cross sections of the compound nucleus formation and e vaporation residue for the 54Fe+204Pb, 56Fe+206Pb, 58Fe+208Pb cold fusion and 32,34, 36S+238U hot fusion have been calculated by using a two parameter Smoluchowski equation. Our results clearly show the isotope dependence of superheavy nucleus production. The formation cross sections of the neutron rich isotope are, generally speaking, obviously enhanced due to the lower Coloumb barrier , lower height of the conditional saddle point, and smaller neutron separation energy.     

超重核的生成和衰变

简单介绍了近年来在超重核研究方面所取得的成就和理论方面所面临的挑战.着重介绍推广的液滴模型和准分子形状机制,它们的优点是考虑了精确的核半经、质量和电荷的不对称性、形变、亲和力和温度等.推广的液滴模型和准分子形状机制能很好地描述重核和超重核的裂变、衰变及完全熔合反应.The progress and challenge on studies of superheavy elements both experiments and theories has been briefly introduced. It is emphasis to introduce a generalized liquid drop model, including the proximity effects, the asymmetry, an accurate nuclear radius, and quasi molecular shapes. The α decay half lives of 373 nuclei and superheavy elements have been calculated in the generalized liquid drop model and compared with the available experimental data. The deformed energies have also been obtained ...     

采用双核模型研究超重核合成机制

本文首先介绍了两种描述低能重离子核反应的理论,然后基于这些理论发展了一个描述超重核合成的理论模型,即双核模型(dinuclear system model)。不同于Adamian 的处理,本文的模型采用数值求解主方程的方法来描述重离子的熔合过程,重点讨论了熔合过程中主方程的发展演化,选择一维至三维不同的宏观自由度说明重离子熔合机制,为今后进一步发展模型与预言新核素提供理论依据。     

超重核合成进展

介绍了超重核合成的历史和现状,对现有的超重核合成的实验情况和理论模型做了评述,指出了在国内利用现有设备和放射性核束装置开展超重核合成可能的方案。     

超重核合成进展

介绍了超重核合成的历史和现状 ,对现有的超重核合成的实验情况和理论模型做了评述 ,指出了在国内利用现有设备和放射性核束装置开展超重核合成可能的方案     

超重核的壳结构

在相对论连续谱Hartree Bogoliubov(RCHB)理论框架下,在质子数Z=100—140和中子数N=Z+30—2Z+32等偶偶核中进行了超重球形双幻核的探索.采用的有效相互作用为NL1,NL3,NLSH,TM1,TW 99,DD ME1,PK1和PK1R.基于对双核子分离能(S2p和S2n)、双核子能隙(δ2p和δ2n)、壳修正能量(Epshell)、对能(Eppair和Enpair)和有效对能隙(Δp和Δn)等物理量和能shell和En级结构的分析,预言了可能的质子幻数和中子幻数,并观察到在超重核区壳的弱化现象. The magic proton and neutron numbers are searched in the superheavy region with proton number Z=100 —140 and neutron number N=(Z+30) — (2Z+32) by the relativistic continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory with interactions NL1, NL3, NLSH, TM1, TW99, DD-ME1, PK1, and PK1R. Based on the two-nucleon separation energies S_(2p )and S_(2n) , the two-nucleon gaps δ_(2p) and δ_(2n), the shell correction energies E~p_(shell) and E~n_(shell), the pairing energies E~p_(pair) and E~n_(pair), and...     

超重核的四面体对称性(英文)

基于反射不对称壳模型的投影位能面计算预言原子核310126 是继208Pb 之后的双幻核,其基态呈现出四面体形状。四面体对称性驱动的量子效应可以使基态的结合能,相较球形而言增加达13 MeV,这反映了在最重核的计算中,考虑四面体自由度的重要性。计算结果还表明,四面体对称性驱动的量子效应能够明显地增加裂变位垒,从而导致超重核合成几率的增加。     

超重核熔合中的靶核形变效应

利用额外推力模型研究了⁴⁸Ca+²³⁸U俘获和熔合过程中的靶核形变效应.计算表明,在近垒和垒下能区,靶核形变使俘获截面和熔合截面增强,形成的复合核自旋分布展宽.     

超重核合成的新进展

介绍了在充气分离器上用２４４Ｐｕ（４８ Ｃａ,３ｎ）２８９１１４和２０８ Ｐｂ（８４ Ｋｒ,ｎ）２９３１１８反应分别合成超重核２８９１１４和２９３１１８的新发现． Introduction of the first synthesis of new superheavy nuclei 289114 and 293118 in reactions of 48Ca+244 Pu and 86 Kr+ 208 Pb.     

关于形变壳组态方法在过渡核及中重核的应用

采用角动量投影的形变壳组态方法是建立在量子力学框架上的一种微观理论.本文将此方法应用到¹⁴⁷Pm,⁵⁶Fe,⁵⁶Co,⁵⁶Mn等核,根据理论计算和实验结果的比较讨论了此方法的潜力.     

超重核合成理论模型简介

介绍并讨论了研究超重核合成的主要理论模型以及近年来在研究重核熔合机制和超重核合成理论模型方面的进展。 The theoretical models for investigating the fusion mechanism of heavy nucleus collisions and calculating the formation cross sections of superheavy nuclei have been introduced. The recent development and the present status for understanding the fusion mechanism of heavy nucleus collisions have been discussed.     

超重核性质与合成机制的理论研究

探索原子核的电荷与质量极限,合成长寿命超重核是当前原子核物理研究的重要前沿问题之一。本文综述了我们近几年在超重原子核结构性质与合成机制方面取得的理论研究进展。在结构性质方面,利用处理对关联的粒子数守恒方法,基于推转壳模型,系统研究了锕系核与超镄核低激发谱,发展了多维形状约束的协变密度泛函理论并用于研究锕系核势能面和裂变位垒以及N=150同中子素中的非轴对称八极关联等。在超重核合成机制方面,系统研究了利用重离子熔合反应合成超重核的三步过程,包括俘获过程——提出了一个位垒穿透概率新公式、熔合过程——提出了一个基于动力学形变势能面的双核模型、存活过程——系统研究了激发态超重复合核存活概率等。系统研究了合成超重核的热熔合反应,得到的熔合蒸发截面与实验符合,并预言了合成119和120号超重元素的生成截面。     

合成和发现超铀化学元素、探索超重核稳定岛

合成新元素拓展元素周期表、探索原子核存在极限是核物理前沿研究领域。相关研究工作涉及的重大物理问题有：存在多少种化学元素？超重元素具有什么样的化学性质？超重元素化学性质是否符合元素周期律的外推预期？最大的核幻数是什么？是否存在稳定的或长寿命的超重核素？在极强库仑场中原子核具有哪些奇特的结构和性质？等等。经过逾半个世纪的不懈努力,元素合成取得了巨大成就,已将周期表从92号扩展至118号元素,完成了周期表上第七周期元素填充。文章回顾了在自然界寻找超重元素的历程,评述了利用人工核反应合成超铀元素和探索理论预言的超重核稳定岛的进展、成果、现状以及目前面临的困难,展望了未来的研究工作,简介了基于国家重大科技基础设施——强流重离子加速器装置开展超重研究的计划。     

超重核合成截面计算中几个问题的探讨

讨论了超重核形成截面计算中的耦合道效应、壳效应的阻尼效应、能级密度的集体运动增强因子以及蒸发残余核的自旋分布等几个重要问题,并给出相应的实验结果.因这些因素都可能对截面有数量级的影响,正确处理与否直接关系到超重核合成截面理论预言的可靠性. .Several important aspects in the cross section calculations for the synthesis of superheavy nuclei have been inquired. They are the effects of the coupled channels, the damping of shell correction energy, the collective enhancements in the level density and the spin distributions of evaporation residues. The channel coupling of relative motion with internal degrees of freedom will enhance significantly the capture cross section at sub barrier energies. However, recent measurements of spin distributions for ...     

理论预测超重核274-291Cn和266-287Ds的衰变模式

自发裂变和α衰变是影响超重核稳定性的两个主要因素。为了探索270Ds附近的长寿命的超重核,系统地计算了电荷数在104 ≤ Z ≤ 112范围内的α衰变与自发裂变之间的竞争。采用推广的液滴模型和唯象的解析公式计算了α衰变半衰期。基于包括壳效应和同位旋效应的WKB近似方法估算了相同超重核的自发裂变半衰期,进而预测了未知超重核274-276,279Cn与267-269Ds的衰变模式。The stability of superheavy nuclei (SHN) is controlled mainly by spontaneous fission and α decay processes. To investigate whether long lived SHN could really exist around 270Ds, the competition between α decay and spontaneous fission in the region 104 ≤ Z ≤ 112 are studied systematically. The α decay half-lives are investigated by employing a generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) and phenomenological analytical formula. Calculations of spontaneous fission half-lives for the same SHN are carried out based on the Wenzel-Kramers-Brillouin(WKB) approximation with both the shell effect and the isospin effect included. Decay modes are predicted for the unknown nuclei 274-276,279Cn and 267-269Ds.     

超重核292-310122同位素链的α衰变和自发裂变的竞争

基于推广的液滴模型(GLDM) 理论框架,计算了292-310122 同位素链的 衰变和自发裂变的半衰期。计算时的基本输入量为两子核的质量数和电荷数以及反应Q 值。GLDM能很好地描述重核和超重核的 衰变和自发裂变过程。计算结果表明,A < 308 时在同位素链上N = 176~184 的区域α衰变为主要衰变模式。A > 308 时在同位素链上自发裂变为主要衰变模式。308122 是α衰变和自发裂变的分界点,暗示着N = 184 为中子幻数。Based on the framework of the Generalized Liquid Droplet Model (GLDM), alpha decay and spontaneous fission half-lives for 292-310122 isotopes are studied. The calculation of the basic inputs which only need the two fragmentmass numbers, charge numbers and the Q value. GLDM can describe alpha decay and spontaneous fission the nuclei. It is found that the alpha decay is the dominant mode of decay for isotopes with mass number A < 308, and for those with A > 308 spontaneous fission is dominant. The demarcation between alpha decay and spontaneous fission is at 308122, which shows the presence of a spherical neutron shell closure at N = 184.