固相微萃取活性炭涂层萃取头对水中有机物的定性分析

对自制的固相微萃取（SPME）活性炭（AC）涂层萃取头进行了评价。该涂层富集能力强,对苯系物（BTEX）的富集率达到14．5～19．2倍;热稳定性好,最高使用温度可达290℃;使用寿命长,260℃解吸条件下可反复使用140次以上。其与聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）涂层相比,尽管萃取量略小,但其具有更高精密度和准确度,而且其萃取和解吸平衡时间减少为聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）涂层的一半以上。应用AC涂层SPME法和液-液萃取（LLE）法对松花江水进行了气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）定性比较分析。两种方法分别检测到50种（主要是挥发和半挥发性的弱极性和非极性）和44种（主要是挥发性差、与正己烷相容性较强）化合物。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定涂料中苯系物

采用固相微萃取(SPME)技术结合气相色谱法对涂料中的苯系物进行检测和分析,针对涂料中存在的主要污染物,对影响SPME的参数进行了优化.建立的方法在所测的范围内具有良好的线性(相关系数:0.9991～0.9996);检出限达0.05～0.60 μg/L;重复测定的相对标准偏差小于2.3%.     

有机硅改性聚酰亚胺固相微萃取涂层的制备及其应用

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,用3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐、4,4′-二氨基二苯醚及1,3-双(3-氨基丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷合成了有机硅改性的聚酰亚胺作为固相微萃取(SPME)中基质(石英纤维)的涂层材料。通过红外光谱法、热重法及扫描电子显微镜对此涂层的结构、热稳定性和表面形貌进行了分析,证明了通过聚合反应将有机硅链段引入到聚酰亚胺结构中可增加链的柔韧性,减少分子链间的极性作用,改善其吸附性能,而且经高温脱水反应使涂层键合在石英纤维表面,使其性质稳定,不易脱落。将有此涂层的SPME应用于气相色谱法测定水中7种苯系物,取得良好的分离效果,7种苯系物测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.1%~6.0%之间,检出限(3S/N)在0.02~0.11mg·L-1之间,回收率在98.0%~117%之间。     

活性炭纤维固相微萃取方法分析酱油中的苯甲酸

１ 引 言 苯甲酸（苯甲酸钠）是食品。饮料中常用传统防腐剂之一，过量的使用会对人体造成危害。因此对食品中的苯甲酸含量进行快速而方便的检测是非常重要的一项工作。食品中苯甲酸含量的分析方法最主要的是乙醚提取气相色谱法（国标法）。张卉、吕湘等还在国标法的基础上对其进行了改进。固相微萃取（ＳＰＭＥ）是９０代发展起来的一种无溶剂、快速、简便、灵敏的新型样品前处理方法。萃取装置使用涂有色谱固定相或吸附剂的熔融石英丝，外套不锈钢管加以保护，形状象一支色谱进样器，可方便地与气相色谱－质谱、液相色谱等联用。目前，这…     

固相微萃取活性炭涂层萃取头的制备及其对卤代烃化合物的萃取

利用自制的有机硅树脂胶粘剂和粉状活性炭制成活性炭涂层萃取头。该萃取头富集能力强,对氯仿、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯4种卤代烃化合物的富集率达到13.8~18.7倍;热稳定性好,最高使用温度可达290 ℃;使用寿命长,250 ℃解吸条件下可反复使用140次以上。上述4种化物固相微萃取-气相色谱分析的结果表明,方法的最低检出质量浓度为0.008~0.05 μg/L。采用该萃取头对含有该4种卤代烃化合物的实际水样进行了SPME-GC分析,4种化合物的回收率为95.5%~104.6%。     

Nafion/活性炭涂层固相微萃取探头的制备与应用研究

采用Nafion和活性炭粉末作为固相涂层在不锈钢丝上交替涂制了固相微萃取探头(SPME),研究了它的特性,并与商品类似探头和单纯的Nafion探头作了比较。该探头可比商品探头(SPME)的富集率高1个数量级。由于Nafion有很强的极性,因此它对极性化合物有很强的萃取能力,适合萃取醇等物质。用该探头测定了醇类、酯类物质,检出限低于10ng/mL,相对标准偏差RSD<6 3%。     

纳米碳纤维涂层固相微萃取探头的制备及性能分析

采用纳米碳纤维(CNF)作为固相涂层制备了固相微萃取探头(SPME)并进行了评价.该涂层对苯系物(BTX)富集能力强,最高使用温度可达260℃,250℃解析条件下使用50次以上涂层无脱落现象.与活性碳涂层相比,尽管萃取量略小,但其解析时间仅为活性炭的60%,具有更高的精密度和准确度.对BrIX固相微萃取.气相色谱分析结果表明,样品质量浓度在0.1～38.7μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9891～0.9940),相对标准偏差为3.9%～5.3%,方法的检出限为2.5×10~(-3)μg/L.     

固相微萃取联用气相色谱-质谱法快速分析水中痕量苯系物

样品前处理是分析检测的关键步骤,传统的样品前处理技术耗时、费力,且易对环境造成二次污染。固相微萃取（Solid phase microextraction, SPME）技术集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体,萃取过程无需有机溶剂,是一种简单、快速、绿色环保的样品前处理技术。本项目采用SPME技术对水中苯系物进行萃取,优化SPME条件,并联用气相色谱-质谱（Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）分析检测,建立水中苯系物的定量分析方法。实验结果表明,该方法对苯系物包括苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯的检测具备良好的线性范围(均为100–10000 ng·L^-1),且相关系数R²均大于0.9900。此外,该方法的检测限分别低至37.50、16.67、45.45、10.64 ng·L^-1。将建立的方法用于实际水样中苯系物的检测,加标回收率在86.83%–114.8%之间,方法简便、高效,结果令人满意。本实验将先进的SPME技术引入本科教学实验,一方面融入思政元素,帮助学生牢固树立绿色环保理念,另...     

Nafion涂层固相微萃取探头的制备

采用Nafion作为固相涂层在不锈钢丝上涂制了固相微萃取 (SPME)探头 ,研究了它的特性 ,并与类似商品探头作了比较。该探头具有萃取量大、可比商品探头 (SPME)的富集率高 1个数量级 ,灵敏度高、寿命长、且不易折断等特性。由于Nafion有很强的极性 ,因此它对极性化合物有很强的萃取能力 ,适合萃取醇等物质。用该探头测定了醇类物质 ,检出限达 2 0～ 60ng·ml-1,相对标准偏差RSD <5 %。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定空气样品中的苯系物

建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱/氢火焰离子化检测法测定空气样品中苯系物的分析方法。对固相微萃取纤维种类、解吸温度和时间、萃取时间等实验条件进行了优化,并对采样袋的气密性和稳定性进行了考察。结果表明:6种挥发性有机化合物的5个色谱峰(间、对二甲苯无法分开)的峰面积与其浓度在所测范围内具有较好的线性关系,相对标准偏差小于4.6%,检出限低至0.03ng/mL。该方法简便、快捷、重现性好,检出限低,采样装置的气密性好,适合于实际环境气体样品的异位分析。     

Silicone glue coated stainless steel wire for solid phase microextraction

A new solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on high-temperature silicone glue coated on a stainless steel wire is presented. The fiber coating can be prepared easily in a few minutes, it is mechanically stable and exhibits relatively high thermal stability (up to 260 °C). The extraction properties of the fiber to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) were examined using both direct and headspace SPME modes coupled to gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The effects of the extraction and desorption parameters including extraction and desorption time, sampling and desorption temperature, and ionic strength on the extraction/desorption efficiency have been studied. For both headspace and direct SPME the calibration graphs were linear in the concentration range from 0.5 μg L⁻¹ to 10 mg L⁻¹ (R² > 0.996) and detection limits ranged from 0.07 to 0.24 μg L⁻¹. Single fiber repeatability and fiber-to-fiber reproducibility were less than 6.8 and 21.5%, respectively. Finally, headspace SPME was applied to determine BTEX in petrol station waste waters with spiked recoveries in the range of 89.7-105.2%.     

钡离子在玫红酸钠修饰碳糊电极上电化学固相微萃取研究

本文以电化学活性的玫红酸钠修饰碳糊电极,利用玫红酸盐与钡离子的络合效应,实现钡离子的电化学固相微萃取。以循环伏安法研究了钡离子的固相微萃取及其最佳实验条件。固相微萃取的动力学符合S形曲线模型,获得表观一级反应速率常数为2.183 min-1。固相微萃取的热力学遵循Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附常数为n=11.4,k=1.025。     

A novel multiwalled carbon nanotubes bonded fused-silica fiber for solid phase microextraction-gas chromatographic analysis of phenols in water samples

The present work reports on the synthesis of chemically bonded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/fused-silica fibers and their use in solid phase microextraction of seven phenols from water samples coupled with gas chromatography (GC). The synthetic strategy was verified by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption factors (pH, ionic strength, stirring rate, adsorption time and temperature) and desorption factors (time and temperature) of the fibers were systematically investigated. Detection limits to seven phenols were less than 0.05 μg L⁻¹, and their calibration curves were all linear (R² ≥ 0.9984) in the range from 0.05 to 5000 μg L⁻¹. This method was then utilized to analyze two real water samples from Yellow River and sanitary wastewater, resulting in satisfactory results. Compared with normal solid phase materials, this MWCNTs-bonded fused-silica fibers showed a number of advantages: wide linear range and low detection limit for extracting phenols couple with GC, and good stability in acid, alkali, organic solvents and at high temperature.     

The evaluation of solid phase micro-extraction fibre types for the analysis of organic components in unburned propellant powders

This work describes the evaluation of various solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) fibre types for the detection of compounds originating from particles of unburned propellant powders. These compounds may also be found in association with organic gunshot residues (OGSR). Seven SPME fibres were assessed based on their ability to extract the compounds of interest (diphenylamine (DPA), 4-nitrodiphenylamine (4-NDPA), ethyl centralite (EC), nitroglycerin (NG) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)) from four ammunition types across three calibres (9 mm, 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm). Extracts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results indicated that the 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) was the most suitable fibre type for the extraction of these compounds across the ammunition types tested. Optimal extraction time parameters were also assessed with a 35-min period determined to be suitable. A number of previously unreported considerations for extracting propellant powders and potentially OGSR related materials are discussed.     

Solid phase extractive preconcentration of uranium(VI) onto diarylazobisphenol modified activated carbon

Diarylazobisphenol (DAB) 1 and diarylazobisphenol modified carbon 2 were synthesized and characterised. The latter has been used for solid phase extractive preconcentration and separation of trace amounts of uranium(VI) from other inorganics. In this, a column mode preconcentration of uranium(VI) was carried out in the pH range 4.0-5.0, eluted with 1.0 mol l⁻¹ HCl and determined by an Arsenazo III spectrophotometric procedure. Calibration graphs were rectilinear over the uranium(VI) concentrations in the range 5-200 μg l⁻¹. Five replicate determinations of 25 μg of uranium(VI) present in 1 l solution gave a mean absorbance of 0.032 with a relative standard deviation of 2.52%. The detection limit corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank was found to be 5 μg l⁻¹. The accuracy of the developed preconcentration method in conjunction with the Arsenazo III procedure was tested by analysing MESS-3, a marine sediment certified reference material. Further, the above procedure has been successfully employed for analysis of uranium(VI) in soil and sediment samples.     

Polyaniline-polypyrrole coating for solid phase microextraction

A procedure for direct electrochemical deposition of polyaniline-polypyrrole blend coating on the surface of stainless steel wire was suggested. Incorporation of polyaniline and polypyrrole into the blend coating was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. Key parameters (pyrrole, aniline, dopant and sulphuric acid concentrations and deposition potential) influencing the coating’s mechanical stability and surface homogeneity were optimised and thermostability of the coating was investigated. A possibility to apply the coating as a new fibre for solid phase microextraction was demonstrated. The coating showed better selectivity toward aromatic, hydrophobic compounds.      

An electropolymerized aniline-based fiber coating for solid phase microextraction of phenols from water

An aniline-based polymer was electrochemically prepared and applied as a new fiber coating for solid phase microextraction (SPME) of some priority phenols from water samples. The polyaniline (PANI) film was directly electrodeposited on the platinum wire surface in sulfuric acid solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The efficiency of new coating was investigated using a laboratory-made SPME device and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for the extraction of some phenols from the headspace of aqueous samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the homogeneity and the porous surface structure of the film. The results obtained proved the ability of this polymer as a suitable SPME fiber coating for trapping the selected phenols. Influential parameters affecting the extraction process were optimized and an extraction time of 50 min at 50 °C gave maximum efficiency, when the aqueous sample was saturated with NaCl and adjusted at pH 2. This new coating can be prepared easily in a reproducible manner and it is rather inexpensive and stable against most of organic solvents. The PANI thickness can be precisely controlled by the number of CV cycles. At the optimum conditions, the R.S.D. for a double distilled water spiked with phenol and chlorophenols at ppb level were 4.8-17% (n = 3) and detection limits for the studied compounds were between 0.69 and 3.7 ng ml⁻¹, except for phenol and 4-chlorophenol. The optimized method was successfully applied to some real-life water samples.     

Application of mesoporous carbon as a solid‐phase microextraction fiber coating for the extraction of volatile aromatic compounds

A mesoporous carbon was fabricated using MCM‐41 as a template and sucrose as a carbon source. The carbon material was coated on stainless‐steel wires by using the sol–gel technique. The prepared solid‐phase microextraction fiber was used for the extraction of five volatile aromatic compounds (chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, o‐xylene, bromobenzene, and 4‐chlorotoluene) from tea beverage samples (red tea and green tea) prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The main experimental parameters affecting the extraction of the volatile aromatic compounds by the fiber, including the extraction time, sample volume, extraction temperature, salt addition, and desorption conditions, were investigated. The linearity was observed in the range from 0.1 to 10.0 μg/L with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9923 to 0.9982 and the limits of detection were less than 10.0 ng/L. The recoveries of the volatile aromatic compounds by the method from tea beverage samples at spiking levels of 1.0 and 10.0 μg/L ranged from 73.1 to 99.1%.     

Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes in air by solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

The aim of the study was to analyse BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) in air by solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME/GC/MS), and this article presents the features of the calibration method proposed. Examples of real-world air analysis are given. Standard gaseous mixtures of BTEX in air were generated by dynamic dilution. SPME sampling was carried out under non-equilibrium conditions using a Carboxen/PDMS fibre exposed for 30 min to standard gas mixtures or to ambient air. The behaviour of the analytical response was studied from 0 to 65 g/m³ by adding increasing amounts of BTEX to the air matrix. Detection limits range from 0.05 to 0.1 g/m³ for benzene, depending on the fibre. Inter-fibre relative standard deviations (reproducibility) are larger than 18%, although the repeatability for an individual fibre is better than 10%. Therefore, each fibre should be considered to be a particular sampling device, and characterised individually depending on the required accuracy. Sampling indoor and outdoor air by SPME appears to be a suitable short-delay diagnostic method for volatile organic compounds, taking advantage of short sampling time and simplicity.     

活性炭纤维固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定海水中的硝基苯类和环酮类化合物

建立了自制活性炭纤维固相微萃取与气相色谱联用测定海水中6种硝基苯类和环酮类化合物的分析方法。优化的萃取条件为: 样品中加NaCl至饱和,在1500 r/min速率搅拌下,于60 ℃水浴中顶空萃取30 min,于280 ℃下解吸2 min。方法的线性范围为0.01～400 μg/L,检出限为1.4～3.2 ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n6)为1.4%～7.8%。海水样品中硝基苯类和环酮类化合物的加标回收率和RSD分别为86.3%～101.8%和3.7%～7.8%。应用所建立的方法对东海近岸表层水样进行测定,其中硝基苯、1,3-二硝基苯、2,6-二硝基甲苯的质量浓度分别为0.756,0.944,0.890 μg/L。实验结果表明,该方法简便、高效、无需有机溶剂,适合于海洋水体中硝基苯类和环酮类化合物的分析。