116例冠心病患者血清中钙镁镉铅铍含量的探讨

测定了１１６例冠心病患者血清中钙、镁、镉、铅、铍的含量并与正常对照组比较。结果显示，常量元素钙、镁与微量元素镉、铅含量降低，而铍的含量升高。它们之间的差异有显著性或高度显著性，Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１。     

过敏性哮喘患者血清中钙镁钡铝锶含量的研究

３４例过敏性哮喘患者血清中钙、镁、钡、铝、锶的含量与对照组比较，结果显示（１）钙的含量明显下降，Ｐ＜０．０１；（２）钡和锶的含量升高，差异有显著性和高度显著性，Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１；（３）镁和铝的含量差异无显著性，Ｐ＞０．０５。     

脑血管疾病与慢支肺气肿或并感染患者的头发微量元素测定与讨论

对４６例脑血管疾病、５３例慢支肺气肿或并感染患者进行了头发微量元素的测定及讨论。每组病例铜的含量均低于广州地区正常值，且有高度显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），但脑疾患、肺疾患组铜含量相比较无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），未看出铜与不同病种的特异性关系。锌含量每组均数都低于广州地区正常值，但只有女性有显著性差异（脑病组Ｐ〈０．０１，肺病组０．０１〈Ｐ〈０．０５），而女性脑病组与肺病组间无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０     

高血压患者血清中微量元素镉铅含量水平的探讨

１６５例高血压患者血清中镉和铅的含量与对照组比较,两者均出现升高,差异有高度的显著性,Ｐ〈０．０１。临床上应及时服用适量的硒和锌以拮抗镉与铅的毒害作用,促进机体康复。     

病毒性心肌炎与微量元素关系的探讨

应用日本岛津ＩＣＰＱ－１０１２型高频等离子体发射光谱仪测定了病毒性心肌炎组４７例和正常儿童组６０例全血中１４种元素的水平，结果表明，心肌炎组血锌、铁、铜、钴、钛、铬、镍、铅、钛、镉的含量低于正常组，两者间有显著和非常显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５，Ｐ〈０．０１），血钼、锶则高于正常组，且有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），血锰、镁、钙与正常组无差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），提示病毒性心肌炎的患儿存在着血锌、铁、铜、钴     

脑卒中患者血清中钙镁镉铅铍含量的观察

对１１０例脑卒中患者与正常对照组血清中钙、镁、镉、铅、铍的含量比较。研究结果揭示：血清铍的含量升高，血清钙、镉、铅的含量降低，血清镁的含量两者之间无显著性差异，Ｐ〉０．０５。     

复发口疮治疗前后血清SOD,MDA等改变研究

选取了３５例ＲＡＵ患者与３０例正常对照，作锌、铁制剂辅助中草药雷公藤、丹参片治疗前后血清ＳＯＤ、ＭＤＡ的改变，实验组与对照组有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１），治疗前后对比又有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。而ＰＥＧ－ＣＩＣ的改变，实验组比对照组有显著性增高（Ｐ〈０．０１），治疗前后对比又有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

皮肤病患者血清中铁锌铜锰硒钴含量的研究

１１６例皮肤病患者血清中铁,锌,铜,锰,硒,钴的含量与对照组比较。显示：（１）铁和铜的含量明显升高,硒和钴的含量明显降低,它们之间的差异有高度显著性,Ｐ〈０．０１;锌含量亦降低,两者之间的差异有显著性,Ｐ〈０．０５;锰的含量,两者差异无显著性,Ｐ〉０．０５。（２）可根据上述元素的变化特点,对皮肤病进行早期诊断和治疗。     

不同年龄阶段儿童头发锌、铜、铅、镉含量比较

采用电位溶出法检测了９５３例正常儿童发锌,铜,铅,镉含量,得出深圳地区不同年龄组男,女儿童的正常参考值,同时对各元素进行了年龄组间及性别间的比较。结果显示,除发锌无显著性别差异外,男童发铜,铅,镉含量显著高于女童（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）,随着年龄的增长,儿童发锌含量逐渐上升,而发铜,铅,镉水平逐渐下降。     

高血压患者血清中铁锌铜锰硒铬含量的研究

１６５例高血压患者血清中铁，锌，铜，锰，硒，铬的含量与对照组比较，结果显示：１．微量元素铁，锌含量明显升高，而血清铜，铬含量明显降低，其差异均有高度显著性，Ｐ〈０．０１；血清锰和硒的含量，两者差异无显著性，Ｐ〉０．０１．２．上述元素含量的特点可用高血压病的早期预报和治疗。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铅、镉、钴、锑、铍

建立石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铅、镉、钴、锑、铍含量的方法。优化了石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件,在最佳实验条件下,采用硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸-双氧水混合酸体系微波消解土壤样品,选用抗坏血酸-硝酸镁混合溶液为基体改进剂。铅、镉、钴、锑、铍的质量浓度在各自的范围内与吸光度成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,各元素的检出限为0.008~0.06 μg/g。样品加标回收率为90.5%~104.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于2.5%(n=6)。该方法样品前处理简便,灵敏度高,检出限低,测定结果准确、可靠,可用于土壤中铅、镉、钴、锑、铍的测定。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定土壤七种金属元素

实验室比对盲样测定是检验实验室能力验证、实验室资质认定、机构考核的主要手段。为研究并解决测试实验室比对土壤盲样中铍、钒、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅的含量,采用微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对土壤盲样进行研究,探讨了不同消解酸体系,检出限和定量限、测试模式和干扰消除、精密度和加标回收率、质控样品进行研究。结果表明：用6 mL HNO3,2 mL HCl和1 mL HF为混合酸体系,各待测元素标准曲线相关系数大于0.9995,检出限在0.001~2.985 mg.L-1^,定量限在0.003~9.94 mg.L-1^,采用氦气碰撞模式测试钒、镍、铜、锌、镉和铅,可以有效的降低多原子离子的干扰;采用no gas模式测试铍,可以有效的提高铍的测试灵敏度。方法精密度为0.2%~6.2%(n=6),加标回收率为92.3%~110.6%,采用土壤标准样品(GSS-4)进行全过程质控研究分析,各元素结果均在标准值参考范围内。用ICP-OES法测试土壤盲样中七种待测金属元素含量与用铑为内标的ICP-MS进行比对,测量分析结果基本一致。     

Preconcentration and quantification of copper,lead, and cadmium using anion exchangers modified with azo compounds

The sorption of azo compounds on anion exchangers of different basicity is studied; the physicochemical and analytical properties of the modified adsorbents are studied. For the prepared modified adsorbents, the conditions of the preconcentration and elution of copper, lead, and cadmium are determined. The analytical potency of the adsorbent Amberlite-Zincon for the group preconcentration and isolation of copper, lead, and cadmium from solutions of complex composition is demonstrated. An efficient combination procedure for the determination of copper, lead, and cadmium in geothermal waters are developed.     

The separation of beryllium from polyvalent cations with a diallyl phosphate complexing resin

The complexing polymer sodium diallyl phosphate (NaDAP) when used in conjunction with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate (Na₂EDTA) separates beryllium quantitatively from alkaline earths (Ca and Sr), ferric and divalent cations of the first transitional period, aluminium and lanthanides, cadmium and mercury(II), bismuth and polonium(IV). The high affinity of NaDAP for beryllium should permit its concentration by several orders of magnitude, when present as a minor or trace component in a mixture of polyvalent cations. The results are compared with those obtained using sulphonated resin.     

Environmental cadmium, lead and nickel contamination: possible relationship between soil and vegetable content

Summary The cadmium, lead and nickel content of soils of four agricultural areas exposed to different degrees of environmental pollution and vegetables grown there were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). In order to ascertain the possible relationship between the heavy metal content of soils (total and extractable) and of vegetables grown in them, the correlation between the two was calculated. The highest correlation values between metal content of soil and vegetables are these corresponding to nickel: the total metal content in soils and leaves-stems are linear (p<0.01). The extractable metal content of soils and leaves-stems are linear (p<0.1). Therefore, soil seems to be the main contributor to nickel content of plants (leaves-stems). In the case of cadmium a statistically significant linear correlation (p<0.01) was observed between total metal content in soil and in leaves-stems and a negative one between extractable metal content of soils and that of roots-bulbs. For lead a negative correlation was found between extractable metal content of soils and leaves-stems. In any case, the lead content of soils is not the main factor that influences the lead content of vegetables. Anthropogenic and environmental factors play a more important role than the lead in soils in the lead content of vegetables.     

Emission spectrographic determination of trace elements in airborne particulate matter collected on glass fiber filter.

An emission spectrographic method is described to determine the concentrations of beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, tin, and vanadium, in airborne particulate matter collected on a glass fiber filter. Sample disks punched out from the glass fiber filter are packed in a shallow cratered electrode; an internal standard solution containing indium and cobalt is added and the disks are decomposed with sulfuric acid-hydrofluoric acid. A calcium fluoride-graphite mixture is added as a spectroscopic buffer before d.c. are excitation. The precision of the method is better than ± 18%.     

金华地区饲料中铅、镉的检测

通过对金华地区多家饲料生产厂家所生产的饲料进行抽样调查,利用原子吸收分光光度计测定了饲料中铅、镉的含量。结果表明,所测饲料原料样品中,铅、镉的含量完全符合国家标准规定,合格率100%;铅、镉含量分别在0.005~0.157 mg/kg和0.06~0.104 mg/kg范围内,铅含量最高的是玉米为0.157 mg/kg,最低的是蚕豆为0.005 mg/kg;镉含量最高的是骨粉为0.104 mg/kg,最低的是豌豆和蚕豆为0.006 mg/kg。金华市饲料中铅、镉含量符合国家饲料卫生标准,可以安全喂养牲畜。     

Flow injection sorbent extraction with dialkyldithiophosphates as chelating agent for the determination of cadmium, copper and lead by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Using octadecyl functional groups (C₁₈) bonded to silica gel as sorbent and methanol as eluent, the flow injection sorbent extraction features of dialkyldithiophosphates (RO)₂P(S)S⁻ as the chelating agent for cadmium, copper and lead was investigated in respect of the effects of pH, alkyl substituent group, reagent concentration and masking agent, with flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection. The elements are quantitatively extracted with the short-alkyl-chain reagents (R up to propyl) in acidic medium. The extractability decreases with the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl groups of the reagents and with the reagent concentration when the alkyl groups are larger than butyl, but masking agents increase the extractability. An explanation proposed for this effect is the formation of polynuclear chelates. Diethyldithiophosphate can be used for the selective determination of cadmium, copper and lead in digested solid environmental samples. With 20 s sample loading at 8.7 ml min⁻¹, the enhancement factors are 35 for cadmium and copper or 26 for lead; the detection limits (3σ) are 0.8, 1.4 and 10.0 μg 1⁻¹ for cadmium, copper and lead, respectively.     

“浙八味”药材中重金属铅、镉、铜含量分析

为对"浙八味"药材质量控制和安全用药提供可靠的依据,采用灰化法处理样品,火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了其铅、镉、铜含量。结果表明,8种药材中的铅含量为0.828 1~1.747 3 mg.kg-1,镉含量为0.116 9~0.295 0mg.kg-1,铜含量为2.519 5~8.286 4 mg.kg-1。8种药材均检出一定量的有害重金属,但含量较低,未超出国家限量标准,符合《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》的有关规定。