铁基纳米晶磁芯的脉冲磁化特性测量及其在磁开关中的应用

磁开关是重复频率脉冲功率系统可选的工作性能优越的开关器件之一。目前磁开关的仿真模型是基于伏秒积分的宏观特性建立起来的纯电路模型,未考虑磁芯饱和过程中磁芯特性的变化,仿真难以准确预测磁开关负载上的预脉冲,波形的前沿误差也较大。测试获得了快脉冲激励下的铁基纳米晶磁芯磁滞回线和初始磁化曲线,利用磁芯磁滞回线的关键参数,提取了脉冲激励下的磁芯J-A参数,用于定义多物理场中磁开关模型的磁芯特性。针对磁开关脉冲压缩电路,利用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL建立了磁脉冲压缩系统电路与磁开关电磁场的场路耦合仿真模型,计算磁脉冲压缩电路的输出波形,与实验结果对比,预脉冲幅值误差为2%,峰值误差为2%,前沿误差为5%,证明了建立的场路耦合仿真模型的有效性和准确性。     

Formation of the magnetic domain structure and properties of magnetic cores under conditions of ordered laser deformations

The methods of laser processing and mechanical scribing are used for improving the functional characteristics of transformer magnetic cores from anisotropic Fe–3%Si alloys. The effect is achieved due to controlling the micromagnetic state of elements of the magnetic core by optimizing the type, the dimensional characteristics of their domains, and the magnetic-anisotropy type. These results lead to a substantial decrease in magnetic losses by 9–12% and, with subsequent thermal or thermomagnetic processing, by 14–16% due to decreasing the vortex-current component of magnetic losses.     

High-frequency magnetic properties of soft magnetic cores based on nanocrystalline alloy powder prepared by thermal oxidation

FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powder was thermally oxidized in an air atmosphere to enhance an oxide layer formation on the surface of the powder and subsequently toroidal shape FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powder cores were prepared by compaction at room temperature. The phase change on the surface of FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powder by thermal oxidation was analyzed and its effect on the high frequency magnetic properties of the compacted cores was investigated. By thermal oxidation, the formation of the oxide layer consisting of Fe₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂ on the surface of FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powder was enhanced and the thickness of oxide layer could be controlled by changing the thermal oxidation time. FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powder core prepared from the powder treated by thermal oxidation exhibits a stable permeability up to high frequency range over 10 MHz. The core loss could be reduced remarkably and the dc-bias property could be improved significantly, which were due to the formation of oxide layer consisting of Fe₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂ on the FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powder. The improvement in high-frequency magnetic properties of the FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powder cores could be attributed to the effective electrical insulation by oxide layer between the FeSiBNbCu nanocrystalline alloy powders.     

Ni-Zn铁氧体的动态磁特性

设计并制作了基于没有附加磁芯复位电路的单级、双级磁脉冲压缩系统电路,用于测试Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的动态磁特性。磁芯的磁滞回线由测量到的磁开关两端电压和电流数据经计算得到,由磁滞回线可知磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种特性参数如饱和磁感应强度、剩余磁感应强度、矩形比、磁通密度跳变、矫顽力、饱和磁场强度及单位体积材料磁滞损耗;通过比较两块磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种动态磁特性参数可知：两块磁芯随激励脉冲宽度变窄磁芯磁性能有不同程度的下降,亚μs级脉冲激励下的矫顽力和单位体积材料磁滞损耗都比μs级脉冲激励下增大约3倍;饱和磁感应强度小、剩余磁感应强度大的Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯动态磁特性性能优异,适合用于更窄脉冲的压缩电路中。     

Ni-Zn铁氧体的动态磁特性

设计并制作了基于没有附加磁芯复位电路的单级、双级磁脉冲压缩系统电路,用于测试Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的动态磁特性。磁芯的磁滞回线由测量到的磁开关两端电压和电流数据经计算得到,由磁滞回线可知磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种特性参数如饱和磁感应强度、剩余磁感应强度、矩形比、磁通密度跳变、矫顽力、饱和磁场强度及单位体积材料磁滞损耗;通过比较两块磁芯在μs及亚μs级脉冲激励下的各种动态磁特性参数可知:两块磁芯随激励脉冲宽度变窄磁芯磁性能有不同程度的下降,亚μs级脉冲激励下的矫顽力和单位体积材料磁滞损耗都比μs级脉冲激励下增大约3倍;饱和磁感应强度小、剩余磁感应强度大的Ni-Zn铁氧体磁芯动态磁特性性能优异,适合用于更窄脉冲的压缩电路中。     

Some magnetic properties of ferromagnetoelectric nickel iodine boracite

Synthetic and very pure single crystals of nickel iodine boracite up to 10 mm in their largest dimensions were grown by a chemical transport process and investigated using a selfcompensating recording torsion balance. Below 60°K ferromagnetic behaviour was observed. In the (100) plane large tetragonal torsion moments having frequent discontinuities were observed.Part of this paper was presented at the International Conference on Magnetism, September 10–16, 1967 Boston, USA.     

Some magnetic properties of nanoperm alloy after irradiation

Transmission⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectrometry was used to study the microstructural and magnetic changes induced by neutron irradiation of nanocrystalline Fe-Zr-B alloy. Measurements were performed in the temperature range from 77 K up to 500 K. The evolutions of both the hyperfine field distribution, the average hyperfine field value, the mean orientation of the ferromagnetic domains and the value of the Curie temperature are consistent with short-range atomic order changes resulting from the neutron irradiation damages. In addition, the neutron irradiation affects significantly the proportions of amorphous, crystalline and interfacial phases. The results of Mössbauer spectrometry were correlated with those obtained by X-ray diffraction.     

含磁芯线圈动态电感计算

 从电感的基本定义出发,推导了一个新的递推公式,可准确地对含磁芯线圈动态电感进行数值计算,并在纯电感、含有5匝磁芯线圈和含有17块铁氧体大环磁芯的感应腔在双脉冲励磁情况下分别计算了动态电感量,验证了该方法的可行性。通过电感值可反推出磁芯在各种情况下磁导率的变化曲线,从而确定磁芯的磁特性及其适用范围。     

磁芯材料脉冲间叠加复位研究

 介绍了通过反向叠加长脉冲的方法,在双脉冲间隔小于1 μs的情况下对直线感应加速器磁芯进行的脉冲间复位实验,复位后波形幅度得到了明显改善,在最大伏秒值280 kV×100 ns的单脉冲感应腔上得到了两个伏秒值为200 kV×100 ns的感应脉冲。实验表明：当主脉冲脉宽小于100 ns,间隔大于500 ns时,采用脉冲间叠加复位的方法,将主脉冲叠加在一个反向的长脉冲上（脉宽大于10 μs,最大幅度约为主脉冲的20%）形成正负脉冲串,能有效提高感应加速腔磁芯的利用率,且对感应主脉冲没有明显影响,使单脉冲直线感应加速器的多脉冲改造成为可能。     

磁芯材料脉冲间叠加复位研究

介绍了通过反向叠加长脉冲的方法,在双脉冲间隔小于1 μs的情况下对直线感应加速器磁芯进行的脉冲间复位实验,复位后波形幅度得到了明显改善,在最大伏秒值280 kV×100 ns的单脉冲感应腔上得到了两个伏秒值为200 kV×100 ns的感应脉冲。实验表明：当主脉冲脉宽小于100 ns,间隔大于500 ns时,采用脉冲间叠加复位的方法,将主脉冲叠加在一个反向的长脉冲上（脉宽大于10 μs,最大幅度约为主脉冲的20%）形成正负脉冲串,能有效提高感应加速腔磁芯的利用率,且对感应主脉冲没有明显影响,使单脉冲直线感应加速器的多脉冲改造成为可能。     

含磁芯线圈动态电感计算

从电感的基本定义出发,推导了一个新的递推公式,可准确地对含磁芯线圈动态电感进行数值计算,并在纯电感、含有5匝磁芯线圈和含有17块铁氧体大环磁芯的感应腔在双脉冲励磁情况下分别计算了动态电感量,验证了该方法的可行性。通过电感值可反推出磁芯在各种情况下磁导率的变化曲线,从而确定磁芯的磁特性及其适用范围。     

Some properties of discontinuous flows near magnetic reconnection regions

The graphic presentation of the dependence between the angles of the magnetic field relative to the discontinuity surface normal at both of its sides is found within the frame of the classical formulation of the problem of discontinuous magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. The result is applied to the known class of analytical solutions concerning the structure of a magnetic field in the vicinity of a reconnecting current layer.     

Modelling of magnetic cores for power electronics applications

A Preisach product model, called here modified scalar preisach model (MSPM) is applied to predict the hysteretic behaviour of soft ferrite cores for power electronics applications. The paper discuss the main points of the model and explains a possible way to identify the modelling parameters by the experimental curves of the major loops and of the virgin material magnetization. In the final part of the paper a series of experimental tests are presented, and the capability of the model to predict the power losses and the waveforms of current and voltages in a power electronic system in which is placed a soft ferrite core is shown.     

Some properties of the magnetic moments of the Δ′s in QCD

Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields - The three experimental findings namely, deficits in the solar and atmospheric neutrino fluxes and the need for a significant hot component in...     

低剩磁磁芯自复位能力研究

 在MHz重复频率的高压多脉冲下,如何在脉冲间隔对磁芯进行快复位是高压多脉冲感应加速腔研制的关键问题。对低剩磁磁芯在脉冲励磁后磁通量密度的自恢复能力及其影响因素进行了实验研究和理论分析,证实了利用低剩磁磁芯的自恢复能力来实现在高压多脉冲下重复利用磁芯伏秒值的可能。实验证明：在选用合适的材料及工作电路后,磁芯在脉冲励磁后自复位到剩磁处的时间可小于500 ns,可稳定地工作在MHz重复频率的高压多脉冲环境下。     

Preparation of Fe–Si–B–Nb amorphous powder cores with excellent high-frequency magnetic properties

FeSiBNb amorphous powder cores were prepared with the amorphous powder by gas atomization and subsequent hot pressing of resulting powder after creating oxide layers on the amorphous powder. Fully amorphous FeSiBNb powders with good soft magnetic properties were successfully obtained in the particle size range below 100 μm. FeSiBNb amorphous powder cores exhibit stable permeability up to 10 MHz, showing excellent high-frequency characteristics.     

Experimental determination of Preisach distribution functions in magnetic cores

This paper deals with the experimental analysis of the hysteresis behaviour of magnetic cores. Either laminated iron cores, or soft ferrite cores are taken into account in the paper. The series of major loops and the related virgin curves have been measured at appropriate very low frequencies for each type of magnetic material, in order to have data with negligible dynamic effects. These data have been used to determine the Preisach distribution functions for each material, as described either in the classical preisach scalar model (CSPM) or in a modified product model, and some notes and comments about the shapes found are given.     

Some properties of an electron gas in a quantizing magnetic field

The electron gas neutralized by a rigid positive background and in a quantizing magnetic field, is studied in a ‘quasi-classical’ model previously proposed by the author and collaborators. The plasma oscillation of the electron gas shows an acoustic-type dispersion for small wave vector. The potential behind an ion moving along the direction of the magnetic field is calculated and is found to have a sinusoidal behaviour. Some consequences of this potential are pointed out. The energy loss by a moving charge in the electron gas is shown to exhibit some interesting properties. Other quantities such as light scattering and magneto-acoustic oscillations are also discussed. A derivation is given for a ‘quasi-classical’ linear response in the finite relaxation time approximation.     

Co-Si-B and Fe-Co-B amorphous alloys: Induced anisotropy and various magnetic properties

The dependence on the metalloid content of some magnetic properties of Co_100−x(Si_0.6B_0.4)_x (22.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 30) and Co₇₅Si_25−xB_x (10 ⩽ x ⩽ 25) amorphous alloys has been studied.Ribbons were subjected to different kinds of heating treatments: field annealing, stress annealing and stress-field annealing (tensile stress and longitudinal magnetic field applied simultaneously). While the anisotropies induced by simple field annealings are of the order of magnitude of 0.1 kJm^-3, the anisotropy induced by stress-field annealing can reach values up to 0.5 kJm^-3. The preferred axis is longitudinal for most of the annealing conditions. The temperature and composition dependence of the magnetostriction have been studied too.Stress, field and stress-field induced anisotropies have also been measured in Co₆₆Fe₉B₂₅ samples (λ_s > 0). In this case the preferred axis is transverse to the ribbon axis.     

快放电直线型变压器驱动源磁芯脉冲损耗特性

建立了快脉冲磁芯损耗特性测试平台,对比研究了50 m的DG6硅钢和25 m的2605TCA非晶两种材料磁芯损耗特性;采用一种新的特征参量(磁芯单位面积上激磁电压陡度)来规范磁芯的激磁电压条件,使得实验结果与快放电直线型变压器驱动源实际工作条件下磁芯性能具有可比性;通过测量初级漏电流及次级开路电压,获得了相同激磁条件下两种磁芯等效损耗电阻的大小,50 m 的DG6硅钢磁芯损耗约为25 m的2605TCA非晶磁芯损耗的4倍;计算了两种材料磁芯总损耗中涡流损耗所占的比例,50 m的DG6硅钢磁芯涡流损耗占总损耗的75%,25 m的2605TCA非晶磁芯涡流损耗占总损耗的28%。