Spontaneously induced general relativity with holographic interior and general exterior

We study the spontaneously induced general relativity (GR) from the scalar-tensor gravity. We demonstrate by numerical methods that a novel inner core can be connected to the Schwarzschild exterior with cosmological constants and any sectional curvature. Deriving an analytic core metric for a general exterior, we show that all the nontrivial features of the core, including the locally holographic entropy packing, are universal for the general exterior in static spacetimes. We also investigate whether the f(R)$f(R)$ gravity can accommodate the nontrivial core.     

A comment or two on holographic dark energy

It has, quite recently, become fashionable to study a certain class of holographic-inspired models for the dark energy. These investigations have, indeed, managed to make some significant advances towards explaining the empirical data. Nonetheless, surprisingly little thought has been given to conceptual issues such as the composition and the very nature of the implicated energy source. In the current discourse, we attempt to fill this gap by the way of some speculative yet logically self-consistent arguments. Our construction takes us along a path that begins with an entanglement entropy and ends up at a Hubble-sized gas of exotic particles. Moreover, our interpretation of the dark energy turns out to be suggestive of a natural resolution to the cosmic-coincidence problem.     

Cosmic age problem revisited in the holographic dark energy model

Because of an old quasar APM 08279+5255$08279+5255$ at z=3.91$z=3.91$, some dark energy models face the challenge of the cosmic age problem. It has been shown by Wei and Zhang [H. Wei, S.N. Zhang, Phys. Rev. D 76 (2007) 063003, arXiv:0707.2129 [astro-ph]] that the holographic dark energy model is also troubled with such a cosmic age problem. In order to accommodate this old quasar and solve the age problem, we propose in this Letter to consider the interacting holographic dark energy in a non-flat universe. We show that the cosmic age problem can be eliminated when the interaction and spatial curvature are both involved in the holographic dark energy model.     

Generalized uncertainty principle and entropy of three-dimensional rotating acoustic black hole

Using the new equation of state density from the generalized uncertainty principle, we investigate statistics entropy of a 3-dimensional rotating acoustic black hole. When λ introduced in the generalized uncertainty principle takes a specific value, we obtain an area entropy and a correction term associated with the acoustic black hole. In this method, there does not exist any divergence and one needs not the small mass approximation in the original brick-wall model.     

Inflation in entropic cosmology: Primordial perturbations and non-Gaussianities

We investigate thermal inflation in double-screen entropic cosmology. We find that its realization is general, resulting from the system evolution from non-equilibrium to equilibrium. Furthermore, going beyond the background evolution, we study the primordial curvature perturbations arising from the universe interior, as well as from the thermal fluctuations generated on the holographic screens. We show that the power spectrum is nearly scale-invariant with a red tilt, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio is in agreement with observations. Finally, we examine the non-Gaussianities of primordial curvature perturbations, and we find that a sizable value of the non-linearity parameter is possible due to holographic statistics on the outer screen.     

Holographic dark energy model and scalar-tensor theories

We study the holographic dark energy model in a generalized scalar tensor theory. In a universe filled with cold dark matter and dark energy, the effect of potential of the scalar field is investigated in the equation of state parameter. We show that for a various types of potentials, the equation of state parameter is negative and transition from deceleration to acceleration expansion of the universe is possible.     

全息记录介质的评价方法及特性研究

本文在综合前人工作的基础上,提出了一套评价全息记录介质的方法。测量和研究了重铬酸盐明胶和卤化银介质的某些特性。     

The large-deviation principle and the BCS model

The BCS model is investigated by the functional integrals method and Euclidean quantum field theory technique. It permits us to apply some version of the Large Deviation Principle and get the exact solution which was obtained earlier by the approximation Hamiltonian method.     

Essay: The Holography of Gravity Encoded in a Relation Between Entropy, Horizon Area, and Action for Gravity

I provide a general proof of the conjecture that one can attribute an entropy to the area of any horizon. This is done by constructing a canonical ensemble of a subclass of spacetimes with a fixed value for the temperature T = ^–1 and evaluating the exact partition function Z(). For spherically symmetric spacetimes with a horizon at r = a, the partition function has the generic form Z exp[S – E], where S = (1/4)4 a ² and |E| = (a/2). Both S and E are determined entirely by the properties of the metric near the horizon. This analysis reproduces the conventional result for the black-hole spacetimes and provides a simple and consistent interpretation of entropy and energy for De Sitter spacetime. For the Rindler spacetime the entropy per unit transverse area turns out to be (1/4) while the energy is zero. Further, I show that the relationship between entropy and area allows one to construct the action for the gravitational field on the bulk and thus the full theory. In this sense, gravity is intrinsically holographic.     

A method to accurately control the period of subwavelength planar holographic grating in the fabrication process of guided mode resonance filter

Subwavelength optical element such as guided-mode resonance filter has gained much interest recently due to its properties and applications. It is very hard to fabricate an ideal guided-mode resonance filter with the same parameters as the designed one. The reason is that the resonance wavelength of guided-mode resonance filter is susceptible to the fabrication errors of its parameters, such as the period, the groove depth, the thickness of a guided-wave layer, and the refraction indexes of materials, etc. In this article, a method to accurately control the period of subwavelength planar holographic grating which was used as a sub-layer of the guided mode resonance filter is investigated. Results show that utilizing a convex lens placed in the exposure position can cause the adjusting of the period of subwavelength planar grating more convenient in the holographic optical path during the fabrication process. Accuracy controlling the period of grating which was used as the sub-layer of guided-mode resonance filter has great significance in the fabrication of guided-mode resonance filter.     

The quantitative analysis of a two-medium mixture using holographic interferometry: the determination of the size corresponding to circular- and rectangular-column voids in a two-medium mixture

The purpose of this paper is to extend the holographic technique to the optical measurement of a two-medium mixture. Assume there exists a void in medium A and the void contains medium B, an experimental technique and the corresponding theories are proposed in this paper, in order to quantitatively determine the size of void in the two-medium mixture. Then the amount of medium B can be determined. An empty glass container was simulated as a void in the mixture. Two different types of glass containers were used and the corresponding theories were derived. The test results show that the errors were in a reasonable range and support the application of holography in the quantitative optical measurement of a two-medium mixture.     

Nanoscale deformation measurement by using the hybrid method of gray-level and holographic interferometry

This study extends the use of holographic interferometry to measure the nanoscale out-of-plane displacement with high surface resolution. It is noted that if the deformation is less than half of the optical wavelength, it is hard to find an obvious fringe pattern. Under such a situation, in general, the phase shift method is used. However, it needs to take more than 3 images for phase shifting and phase reconstruction In this paper, a more simple hybrid method of gray-level and holographic interferometry is used to extract fringe skeletons, in which it just needs to take one or two images for the normal deformation measurement directly, even if there exists no obvious fringe pattern. The displacement field with high surface resolution can also be obtained. The proposed method yielded a theoretical precision of 0.15 nm for out-of-plane displacement with a monochromatic CCD camera of 10-bit gray scale (1024 gray scales) sensitivity and microscale surface resolution for millimeter scale object with 640×480 pixels image resolution by an He–Ne LASER (632.8 nm wavelength) light source. The gray-level method is proposed to calculate the non-obvious interferometry fringe by traditional holographic interferometry hologram, and the result showed that this method works for this purpose.     

Stationary open systems: A brief review on contemporary theories on irreversibility

Open systems are very important in science and engineering for their applications and the analysis of the real word. At their steady state, two apparently opposed principles for their rate of entropy production have been proposed: the minimum entropy production rate and the maximum entropy production, useful in the analysis of dissipation and irreversibility of different processes in physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Both principles involve an extremum of the rate of the entropy production at the steady state under non-equilibrium conditions. On the other hand, in engineering thermodynamics, dissipation and irreversibility are analyzed using the entropy generation, for which there exist two principle of extrema too, the minimum and the maximum principle. Finally, oppositions to the extrema principle have been developed too. In this paper, all these extrema principles will be analyzed in order to point out the relations among them and a synthesis useful in engineering applications, in physical and chemical process analysis and in biology and biotechnology will be proposed.     

Steepest entropy increase is justified by information theory. The relations between Ziegler’s principle, Onsager’s formalism and Prigogine’s principle

Evidence for Ziegler’s principle of maximum entropy production has been accumulated from different fields such as climatic studies, crystal growth, dynamics of ecosystems and cellular metabolism. However, Ziegler’s principle is still seen with scepticism by the scientific community. The reasons for this scepticism are the absence of an accepted theoretical justification as well as the fact that Ziegler’s principle formulation seems to contradict Prigogine’s principle of minimum entropy production. In this work we aim to provide a theoretical justification for Ziegler’s principle based on information theory, which is at the basis of Gibbs’ formalism for statistical physics. Similar approaches have previously been attempted, however we believe that the justification provided here is simpler and relies in less questionable hypotheses. Once Ziegler’s principle has been formulated as a consequence of information theory, its relations with Onsager’s formulation and Prigogine’s principle are explored.     

Optimization of a holographic memory setup using an LCD and a PVA-based photopolymer

Holographic data pages were stored in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/acrylamide (AA) photopolymer. This material is formed of AA photopolymers which are considered interesting materials for recording holographic memories. A liquid crystal device was used to modify the object beam and store the data pages in the material. During the storage process, some parameters like exposure time, beam ratio and reading beam intensity were controlled to obtain high image quality after the reconstruction process. The bit error rate (BER) was calculated fitting the histograms of the images to determine what parameters improve the quality of the images.     

ICF系统中全息透镜聚焦特性及衍射效率分析

 根据全息透镜的工作原理，利用光线追迹法对其聚焦特性进行了理论分析。使用标量衍射法分析了全息透镜的衍射效率，讨论了不同的光栅槽型对其衍射效率的影响。对分析过程中所涉及到的有关近似处理方法的使用和影响进行了说明，讨论了全息透镜用作取样光栅的优点。