炭载体的表面处理对Pd/C催化剂电催化活性的影响

采用处理与未处理的活性炭制备Pd/c催化剂,运用循环伏安法(CV)和计时电流法检测两种Pd/C催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化活性和稳定性.通过透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,用硝酸处理的活性炭所制备的Pd/C催化剂中Pd粒子的分散更均匀,对甲酸的电催化氧化活性和稳定性都有不同程度的提高.     

载体性质对Pd催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

以Si O2、全硅MCM-41(Si-MCM-41)、通过机械混合Si-MCM-41与ZSM-5得到的Z-MCM-41-M以及通过在ZSM-5外部包覆MCM-41制备得到的Z-MCM-41四种材料为载体,制备了四种负载型Pd催化剂。采用XRD、HRTEM、N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD手段对Pd催化剂进行了表征;以二苯并噻吩(DBT)为模型化合物,在固定床反应器上对四种催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性、加氢路径选择性和加氢裂化活性进行了考察,研究了不同类型载体对Pd催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,载体的性质会显著影响负载型Pd催化剂的加氢脱硫性能。载体的比表面积对负载型Pd催化剂加氢脱硫活性影响不大,但是HYD路径的选择性与载体的孔道结构有关;具有介孔孔道结构有利于加氢路径选择性的提高。酸性载体负载的Pd催化剂表现出较好加氢脱硫活性和加氢选择性,这与氢溢流有关。介孔材料的孔道结构与微孔沸石的酸性有机结合,所得到的Z-M CM-41复合材料是是潜在的贵金属Pd加氢脱硫催化剂优良载体,可有效提升其加氢脱硫活性。     

Effect of Pt additives on the properties of Pd/C catalysts in the liquid-phase hydrogenation ofo-nitrophenol

The addition of platinum to Pd/C catalysts results in a synergetic increase in the activity of the catalysts in the hydrogenation ofo-nitrophenol. The synergetic effect depends on the method of preparation of the bimetallic catalysts.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, p. 804, April, 1993.     

Pd/C catalysts. Deactivation and behavior of supported Pd particles upon heating

Deactivation of Pd/C catalysts upon heating in H₂ has been studied as a function of support surface composition. The behavior of Pd particles on a chosen part of surface upon sample heating in an electron microscope chamber has been investigated.     

Formation of Pt/C catalysts on various carbon supports

Platinum catalysts with the active component content of 5–40 wt % on various carbon supports have been synthesized by the reductive hydrolysis of platinum chloro complexes. The degree of dispersion of the supported platinum decreases with an increasing weight percentage of the metal in the catalyst. The following mechanism of Pt/C catalyst formation is deduced from experimental data: H₂PtCl₆ adsorption on the support surface generates platinum nuclei, which then grow owing to the deposition of platinum ions under the action of an alkali and a reductant.     

Kinetic laws for dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over Pd/C catalysts

A kinetic equation for cyclohexane dehydrogenation at P_O=1.0 MPa has been obtained.

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1,0 .

     

Improved kinetics of ethanol oxidation on Pd catalysts supported on tungsten carbides/carbon nanotubes

Pd nanoparticles on tungsten carbides modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pd-WC/MWCNT) catalysts have been prepared by an intermittent microwave heating (IMH) technique for the first time. The Pd-WC/MWCNT catalysts are evaluated and show an improved kinetics for the ethanol oxidation. It is recognized that the significant increase in the catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation on Pd-WC/MWCNT is attributed to both the synergistic effect between Pd nanoparticles and the WC support and the structure effect of the MWCNT. This type catalyst can be universally used as the oxygen reduction catalyst in fuel cells and sensors both in alkaline and acidic solutions.     

Bismuth modified Pd/C as catalysts for hydrogen related reactions

The electrocatalytic activity of bimetallic BiPd catalysts supported on Sibunit carbon towards hydrogen oxidation/evolution reactions (HOR/HER) was studied in a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) setup. Catalysts were synthesized by deposition of Pd on the carbon support, followed by impregnation of Pd/C precursor with Bi(NO₃)₃ solution and reduction in hydrogen. Transmission electron microscopy and local EDX elemental analysis revealed that BiPd/C catalysts contain bimetallic particles with narrow size distribution with maxima at 3.2–4.1 nm. X-ray diffraction evidenced that bimetallic particles are constituted by Pd–Bi solid solution. It was shown that modification of Pd/C by bismuth increases the specific activity of palladium towards HOR/HER by a factor of 3.     

用改进液相还原法制备炭载Pd催化剂

研究了用改进液相还原法制备用作直接甲酸燃料电池(DFAFC)的炭载Pd(Pd/C)阳极催化剂制备方法,研究发现在滴加还原剂NaBH4之前,在PdCl2溶液中滴加NaOH溶液后,制得的Pd/C催化剂中Pd粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度均比不加NaOH的小.而且Pd粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度与加入的NaOH溶液和PdCl2溶液的浓度比有关.在未加NaOH时制得的Pd/C催化剂中Pd粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度分别为20.2 nm和6.29,当加入的NaOH溶液和PdCl2溶液的浓度比为10时得到的Pd粒子的平均粒径和相对结晶度适中,分别为6.7 nm和3.45,因此,制得的Pd/C催化剂对甲酸氧化的电催化活性和稳定性均要比其它NaOH溶液和PdCl2溶液的浓度比时制得的Pd/C催化剂要好.且该制备方法简单,具有潜在的应用前景.     

Influence of potassium nitrate addition to silica-supported Pd catalysts on chemisorption properties and on ethane hydrogenolysis

KNO₃ addition to Pd/SiO₂ results in a partial decoration of metal particles which inhibits ethane adsorption. Hydrogen chemisorption is less affected. The rate of ethane hydrogenolysis decreases and the activation energy increases.     

Size and support effects for CO oxidation on supported Pd catalysts

Science China Chemistry - Supporting Pd catalysts characterized significant different size distribution were obtained using PdCl2, [Pd(NH3)4](NO3)2 and Pd(acac)2 as precursors. High-resolution...     

Composite Pd/Pr4O7/C catalysts: Synthesis, dispersity and properties

The catalysts prepared sequentiallyvia the interaction of C₃H₅PdC₅H₅ with the surface of evacuated Pr₄O₇/C and reduction with H₂ at 573 K, contain 20–30 Pd particles and Pr₄O₇ particles<20 . The catalysts obtained have two-order of magnitude higher specific activity in the CH₃OH synthesis than Pd/C.     

Oxidation of 1,3-butadiene over Pd/C and Pd-Te/C catalysts in polar media

The oxidation of 1,3-butadiene over the Pd/C and Pd-Te/C heterogeneous catalysts occurs in organic solvents containing water at a temperature of 100°C and an oxygen partial pressure of $P_{\left[ {O_2 } \right]} = 4$ atm. Crotonaldehyde dominates among the three major products of oxidation over the Pd catalyst. The introduction of Te into the catalyst increases the methyl vinyl ketone yield, the furan yield being the lowest in all cases. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the active catalyst components can be in a partially oxidized state, particularly after storing the catalysts in air. Additional hydrogen treatment results in almost complete reduction of the active components to metals and enhances the catalytic activity. It is supposed that the oxidation of 1,3-butadiene over the Pd-Te catalysts proceeds via the activation of dioxygen over the Pd⁰ sites, with oxidized Pd and Te participating in subsequent chemical transformations.     

Influence of CeO2 addition on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of Pd/TiO2 catalysts in CO oxidation

The influence of CeO₂ addition on the formation of the microstructure, electronic state, and catalytic properties of Pd/TiO₂ supported catalysts in CO oxidation were investigated. It was shown that, when Pd is supported on titanium dioxide modified with cerium dioxide, annealing at 500°C results in the formation of Pd/(CeO₂-TiO₂) catalysts with a nanocrystalline structure composed of incoherently intergrown fine anatase crystals and interblock boundaries in which palladium and cerium are stabilized. The higher catalytic activity of Pd/(CeO₂-TiO₂) catalysts compared to Pd/TiO₂ catalysts is explained by the smaller size of Pd particles and the higher proportion of palladium in the Pd^δ+ state.     

Physical and electrochemical characterizations of nanostructured Pd/C and PdNi/C catalysts for methanol oxidation

Pd and PdNi nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon were prepared by a chemical reduction with formic acid process. The catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry, and chronoamperometry. The results showed that the Pd and PdNi nanoparticles, which were uniformly dispersed on carbon, were 2–10 nm in diameters. The PdNi/C catalyst has higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation in alkaline media than a comparative Pd/C catalyst and shows great potential as less expensive electrocatalyst for methanol electrooxidation in alkaline media in direct methanol fuel cells.     

Effect of support treatment on the structure and surface area of Pd/SiO2 catalysts

The morphology and surface area of macro-and microporous silicas after each of the preparation steps and use of supported palladium catalysts in syn-gas activation is systematically followed.     

Dehydrogenation of cyclohexane over supported Pd catalysts, II. Influence of the support and reduction temperature

We have studied the activity of Pd/sepiolite and Pd/SiO₂–AlPO₄ catalysts in cyclohexane aromatization. The catalysts were characterized by H₂ chemisorption measurements. The influence of support and reduction temperature on the metal surface properties and activity of the catalysts is discussed.     

Hydrogenation of carbon oxides over the Fe-based catalysts on the carbon support

Russian Chemical Bulletin - The features of hydrogenation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide over the Fe-based Fe/C and FeK/C catalysts were studied. The promotion of the iron-based catalyst on...