Li,K‖Cl,MoO4 ternary mutual system

Phase equilibria in the Li,K‖Cl,MoO₄ ternary mutual system were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The characteristics of the following three ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 348°C, 41 mol % KCl, 7.75 mol % Li₂MoO₄, and 51.25 mol % LiCl; E ₂: 475°C, 44 mol % KCl, 17.25 mol % Li₂MoO₄, and 38.75 mol % LiCl; and E ₂: 477°C, 35 mol % KCl, 47 mol % Li₂MoO₄, and 18 mol % LiCl.     

Initiator‐fragment incorporation radical copolymerization of vinyl acetate and 1,2‐polybutadiene as a multivinyl monomer

The copolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) with 1,2‐polybutadiene (1,2‐PB; 85.5% 1,2‐units and 14.5% 1,4‐units) as a multivinyl monomer was carried out at 80 °C in dioxane with dimethyl 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate (MAIB) at high concentrations (0.10–0.50 mol/L) as an initiator. The copolymerization of 1,2‐PB [0.80 mol/L (monomer unit)] and VAc (1.20 mol/L) with MAIB (0.30 mol/L) for 4 h proceeded homogeneously without gelation to yield a soluble copolymer. The resulting copolymer was divided into methanol‐ and n‐hexane‐insoluble parts, of which the yields based on the total weight of the comonomers and initiator were 46 and 20%, respectively. The methanol‐insoluble part consisted of the fractions of the 1,2‐PB units with (9 mol %) and without (39 mol %) an intact double bond, the 1,4‐PB unit (8 mol %), the VAc unit (32 mol %), and the methoxycarbonylpropyl group (12 mol %) as the MAIB fragment, whereas the hexane‐insoluble one was composed of the fraction of the 1,2‐PB units with (4 mol %) and without (17 mol %) a double bond, the 1,4‐PB unit (4 mol %), the VAc unit (60 mol %), and the methoxycarbonylpropyl group (15 mol %). The use of higher concentrations of 1,2‐PB and VAc and lower concentrations of MAIB resulted in gelation. The cast film from a chloroform solution of the methanol‐insoluble part contained spherical pores organized in a hexagonal way with a monodisperse pore size of 3 μm. The copolymer molecules seemed to be arranged in an ordered way on the surface layer of the pores, as shown by an optical microscopy image under crossed polarizers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2328–2337, 2006     

MgS-FeS phase diagram

The MgS-FeS system has a peritectic phase diagram with limited terminal solid solutions. The maximal solubility in FeS is reached at the peritectic point and is 2 mol % MgS at 1470 K. The extent of the MgS-based solid solution is 25 mol % MgS at 1470 K, 42 mol % MgS at 1170 K, and 65 mol % MgS at 770 K. The unit cell parameter of the cubic MgS phase (a NaCl-type structure) varies from 0.5196 nm (MgS) to 0.5164 nm (65 mol % MgS, 770 K) and 0.5127 nm (42 mol % MgS, 1170 K). The microhardness varies from 2600 to 3040 MPa. The iron ions in the solid solution are in a low-spin state.     

NaCl-NaBO2-Na2CO3-NaMoO4 quaternary system

The NaCl-NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄ quaternary system was studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of one ternary eutectic and two quaternary eutectics were determined: E ₇: 572°C, 29 mol % NaCl, 10 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 29 mol % Na₂MoO₄; ɛ₁: 562°C, 36 mol % NaCl, 10 mol % NaBO₂, 30.5 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 23.5 mol % Na₂MoO₄; and ɛ₂: 536°C, 17 mol % NaCl, 10 mol % NaBO₂, 27 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 46 mol % Na₂MoO₄.     

Enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed Michael addition to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes by redox oxidation

Enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed Michael addition reactions to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes by redox oxidation were realized. With 10 mol % of camphor-derived triazolium salt D, 15 mol % of DBU, 5 mol % of NaBF(4), and 100 mol % of quinone oxidant, the reactions of various dicarbonyl compounds with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes led to 3,4-dihydro-α-pyrones in good yields and excellent ee's.     

Phase equilibria in the NaF-LiF-LaF3 system

The NaF-LiF-LaF₃ system was studied by differential thermal and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. In the system, there are two ternary invariant points, a eutectic (580 ± 2°C, 44.0 mol % NaF, 42.0 mol % LiF, 14.0 mol % LaF₃), and a peritectic (595 ± 2°C, 45.0 mol % NaF, 39.0 mol % LiF, 16.0 mol % LaF₃). The ternary peritectic point results from the intersection of the crystallization fields of LiF, LaF₃, and NaLaF₄.     

Determination of triacylglycerols of manketti oil by reversed-phase HPLC

Using reversed-phase HPLC with refractometric detection, we determined the composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) of manketti oil and calculated its fatty acid composition. It was shown that the oil consists of octadecatrienoic (34.6 ± 0.8 mol %), linoleic (35.4 ± 0.8 mol %), oleic (14.6 ± 0.4 mol %), palmitic (7.2 ± 0.3 mol %), and stearic acids. Using spectrophotometric detection, for the oils of centrathus and jacaranda seeds, it was demonstrated that octadecatrienoic acid is presented mainly by α-eleostearic acid and small impurities of β-eleostearic (2.8 mol %) and jacarandic (0.3 mol %) acids. The results of the quantitative determination of TAGs, obtained by refractometric detection (with corrections of the peak areas to the calculated values of the refractive indices of TAGs), are consistent with the data obtained using spectrophotometric detection.     

Multicomponent systems LiCl–LiBr–Li<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript> and LiCl–LiBr–Li<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>–Li<Subscript>2</Subscript>MoO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

Phase equilibria in the LiCl–LiBr–Li₂SO₄ ternary system and the LiCl–LiBr–Li₂SO₄–Li₂MoO₄ quaternary system were studied by differential thermal analysis. The compositions and temperatures of minima in the ternary and quaternary systems were determined to be (31.2 mol % LiCl, 46.8 mol % LiBr, 22.0 mol % Li₂SO₄, 460°C) and (25.2 mol % LiCl, 30.2 mol % LiBr, 14.6 mol % Li₂SO₄, 30.0 mol % Li₂MoO₄, 411°C), respectively.     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Interaction of salts in ionic melts of the ternary reciprocal systems Na,K‖BO2,MoO4 and Na,K‖BO2,WO4

The phase diagrams of the ternary reciprocal systems Na,K‖BO₂,MoO₄ and Na,K‖BO₂,WO₄ were studied for the first time by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates were determined for binary eutectics of the diagonal stable sections NaBO₂-K₂MoO₄(K₂WO₄) and the ternary invariant points e(55 mol % NaBO₂, 45 mol % K₂MoO₄, 740°C), e(55 mol % NaBO₂, 45 mol % K₂WO₄, 730°C), E(4.5 mol % NaBO₂, 78 mol % Na₂MoO₄, 17.5 mol % K₂MoO₄, 652°C), E(4.5 mol % NaBO₂, 78 mol % Na₂WO₄, 17.5 mol % K₂WO₄, 643°C), P₂(5 mol % NaBO₂, 56 mol % Na₂MoO₄, 39 mol % K₂MoO₄, 673°C), P₂(5 mol % NaBO₂, 56 mol % Na₂WO₄, 39 mol % K₂WO₄, 671°C). Binary solid solutions based on sodium and potassium metaborates were shown to be stable. Analytical models of phase equilibrium states of the ternary reciprocal systems Na,K‖BO₂,MoO₄(WO₄) were obtained, which enable one to calculate melting (crystallization) points and construct isotherms at any given composition. The specific heats of melting of samples of invariant compositions were found by quantitative differential thermal analysis.     

四种阴离子的毛细管电泳电导检测(英文)

 采用柠檬酸 柠檬酸钠作为缓冲体系 ,使用负高压 ,对Cl-,NO3 -,HCO3 -和H2 PO4 -等 4种常见阴离子进行了分离检测 ,研究了缓冲剂的种类、浓度、pH值及操作电压对分离的影响。在选定的条件下 ,4种离子的定量线性范围 :Cl-5 0× 10 -5mol/L～ 2 5× 10 -3 mol/L ,NO3 -6 0× 10 -5mol/L～ 2 0× 10 -3 mol/L ,HCO3 -5 0× 10 -6mol/L～ 2 0× 10 -4 mol/L ,H2 PO4 -6 0× 10 -5mol/L～ 1 0× 10 -3 mol/L ;检出限 :Cl-1 5× 10 -5mol/L ,NO3 -3 0×10 -5mol/L ,HCO3 -1 0× 10 -6mol/L ,H2 PO4 -2 0× 10 -5mol/L ;峰面积的RSD (n =6 ) :Cl-3 1% ,     

LiF-LiCl-LiBr-Li2MoO4 quaternary system

Phase equilibria in the LiF-LiCl-LiBr-Li₂MoO₄ quaternary system were studied by differential thermal analysis. The composition of an eutectic was determined to be 20.0 mol % LiF, 27.3 mol % LiCl, 43.1 mol % LiBr, and 9.6 mol % Li₂MoO₄, with the melting point being 424°C.     

Palladium-catalyzed functionalization of indoles with 2-acetoxymethyl-substituted electron-deficient alkenes

New functionalizations of indoles via palladium-catalyzed reaction of indoles and 2-acetoxymethyl-substituted electron-deficient alkenes are reported. It was found that for N-protected indoles the reaction proceeded smoothly in the presence of 5 mol % of Pd(acac)2 and 10 mol % of PPh3 at 80 degrees C in HOAc, while for N-unprotected indoles, the reaction was carried out by using 5 mol % of Pd(dba)2 or 2.5 mol % of Pd2(dba)3.CHCl3 with 10 mol % of 2,2'-bipyridine as the catalyst in toluene. This strategy allows the selective installation of electron-deficient olefin functionality at the 3-position of indoles, which might be difficult to obtain by other methods and can be further elaborated.     

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer graft copolymerization of styrene and m‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate from polypropylene lanterns: Solid phases for scavenging applications

The γ‐initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer mediated free‐radical graft copolymerization of styrene and m‐isopropenyl‐α,α′‐dimethylbenzyl isocyanate (TMI) from a polypropylene (PP) solid phase was performed with cumyl phenyldithioacetate (CPDA) as the chain‐transfer agent. The initial CPDA concentration was 8 × 10^?3 mol L^?1. Polymerizations were performed with a dose rate of 0.18 kGy h^?1 at the ambient temperature. Initial comonomer mixtures with 15, 30, and 50 mol % TMI were used. Depending on the amount of TMI in the initial comonomer mixture, the plot of the grafting ratio versus the time showed two grafting regimes (for 15 and 50 mol % TMI) or one (for 30 mol % TMI). Scavenger lanterns with 15 and 50 mol % TMI featured two isocyanate loading regimes, the second with higher loading capacities. The scavenger lanterns with 30 mol % TMI showed a linear loading capacity over the full grafting ratio. A maximum loading capacity of 110 μmol per scavenger lantern was achieved with 50 mol % TMI at a grafting ratio of approximately 60 wt %. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 857–864, 2006     

Cu2S-EuS phase diagram

In the Cu₂S-EuS system, a eutectic is formed between Cu₂S- and EuS-based solid solutions (ss) at (1069 ± 2) K, 24.5 mol % EuS. EuS dissolves 7.0 (at 1770 K), 5.0 (1170 K), and 3.0 (770 K) mol % Cu₂S. A ??-Cu₂S-based ss is of the open type, has an extent (mol %) of 15.5 (at 1069 K), 7.5 (970 K), 4.5 (770 K), 2.5 (520 K), and 1.5 (379 K) EuS, and melts incongruently at 1186 K, 7.0 mol % EuS. ??-Cu₂S at 379 K dissolves 6.5 mol % EuS; ??-Cu₂S at (1186 ± 3) K dissolves 3.5 mol % EuS.     

Li, K‖Br, VO3 ternary mutual system

Phase equilibria in the Li, K‖Br, VO₃ ternary mutual system were studied by differential thermal analysis. The composition square of the ternary mutual system is divided into two phase triangles, LiVO₃-KBr-KVO₃ and LiBr-LiVO₃-KBr. The ternary eutectics E ₁ at 331°C and E ₂ at 330°C have the compositions 40.0 mol % LiVO₃, 6.0 mol % KBr, 54.0 mol % KVO₃ and 58.0 mol % LiBr, 3.2 mol % LiVO₃, 38.8 mol % KBr, respectively. The fields of phases crystallizing in the system were delimited.     

A facile approach for assembling lipid bilayer membranes on template-stripped gold

Lipid vesicles are designed with functional chemical groups to promote vesicle fusion on template-stripped gold (TS Au) surfaces that does not spontaneously occur on unfunctionalized Au surfaces. Three types of vesicles were exposed to TS Au surfaces: (1) vesicles composed of only 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) lipids; (2) vesicles composed of lipid mixtures of 2.5 mol % of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-poly(ethylene glycol)-2000-N-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate] (DSPE-PEG-PDP) and 97.5 mol % of POPC; and (3) vesicles composed of 2.5 mol % of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))-2000] (DSPE-PEG) and 97.5 mol % POPC. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topography and force spectroscopy measurements acquired in a fluid environment confirmed tethered lipid bilayer membrane (tLBM) formation only for vesicles composed of 2.5 mol % DSPE-PEG-PDP/97.5 mol % POPC, thus indicating that the sulfur-containing PDP group is necessary to achieve tLBM formation on TS Au via Au-thiolate bonds. Analysis of force-distance curves for 2.5 mol % DSPE-PEG-PDP/97.5 mol % POPC tLBMs on TS Au yielded a breakthrough distance of 4.8 ± 0.4 nm, which is about 1.7 nm thicker than that of POPC lipid bilayer membrane formed on mica. Thus, the PEG group serves as a spacer layer between the tLBM and the TS Au surface. Fluorescence microscopy results indicate that these tLBMs also have greater mechanical stability than solid-supported lipid bilayer membranes made from the same vesicles on mica. The described process for assembling stable tLBMs on Au surfaces is compatible with microdispensing used in array fabrication.     

Phase diagrams of some non-quasi-binary joins of the AlCl3-BiCl3-NaCl system

Phase diagrams of NaAlCl₄-(70.0 mol % AlCl₃ + 30.0 mol % BziCl₃), NaAlCl₄-(34.2 mol % AlCl₃ + 65.8 mol % BiCl₃), and (61.0 mol % AlCl₃ + 39.0 mol % NaCl)-AlCl₃ · BiCl₃ non-quasi-binary joins have been investigated using differential thermal and X-ray powder diffraction analyses. The fields of primary and joint crystallization of phases and invariant equilibrium temperatures have been determined in these joins. The structure of the joins has been confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction data. Original Russian Text ? N.I. Kaloev, A.A. Turieva, 2009, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 357–359.     

Ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic dimer of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) was prepared by the ring‐opening polymerization of its cyclic dimer. Antimony(III) oxide, titanium(IV) butoxide, dibutyltin oxide, and titanium(IV) isopropoxide were used as catalysts. Among the catalysts, titanium(IV) butoxide was the most effective for the same reaction conditions. A weight‐average molecular weight of 63,500 g/mol was obtained from ring‐opening poly merization at 265 °C for 2 h in the presence of 0.5 mol % titanium(IV) butoxide. The PTTs obtained from the polymerization catalyzed with increasing amounts of antimony(III) oxide showed increasing weight‐average molecular weights and reaction conversions. When 1 mol % antimony(III) oxide was used, the weight‐average molecular weight was 32,000 g/mol and the conversion was 82% after 1 h of polymerization at 265 °C. In the case of the polymer catalyzed by titanium(IV) butoxide under the same conditions, the weight‐average molecular weight and conversion were 40,000 g/mol and 77% when 0.25 mol % was used, whereas 0.5 mol % catalyst produced a weight‐average molecular weight of 27,000 g/mol and a conversion of 95%. To get an acceptable molecular weight and relatively high reaction conversion, a catalyst concentration of at least 0.5 mol % was found to be necessary, in contrast to conventional condensation polymerizations, which require only about one‐tenth of this amount of the catalyst. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6801–6809, 2006     

Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric ring opening of oxabicyclic alkenes with sulfur nucleophiles

The synthesis of 2-sulfanyl-1,2-dihydro-naphthalen-1-ols is described. This methodology is based on rhodium catalysis and enables various thiols to undergo an asymmetric SN2' ring opening of oxabenzonorbornadiene. Under the reaction conditions ([Rh(COD)Cl](2) (2.5 mol %), (S)-(R)-PPF-P(t)Bu(2) (6 mol %), AgOTf (7 mol %), NH(4)I (1.7 equiv), galvinoxyl (5 mol %), THF, 85 degrees C), aryl- and alkyl-sulfide adducts are obtained in good to excellent yield and in high enantiomeric excess (>90% ee).