AMP-Cu2+-脱氧胆酸-凝胶体系的时空图案及其结构的研究

核苷酸是一类重要的生命物质,在体外模拟胆结石形成的实验中,选取了腺嘌呤核苷酸(AMP)为研究对象,研究了它对Cu2 脱氧胆酸体系形成时空图案的影响,用FTIR表征各种形态沉淀物的结构。结果表明:在AMP存在下的脱氧胆酸 铜离子 凝胶体系中,可形成周期沉淀及分形结构共存的复杂时空图案,红外光谱结果显示其结构中除了脱氧胆酸根(DC- )与铜离子配位外,AMP也参与了配位,可能形成DC- 1 Cu AMP的混配型非化学计量的化合物;AMP 脱氧胆酸 葡萄糖 铜凝胶体系的周期沉淀及分形结构中,AMP、葡萄糖、DC与Cu2 多核配位作用形成和组成结构更复杂的沉淀。     

体外模拟胆结石体系基质调控的FTIR研究

利用金属离子-脱氧胆酸凝胶体系体外模拟胆结石的化学反应体系,在加入不同的生物基质后体系会有类似胆结石中的周期环/有序分形结构的沉淀产生,利用傅里叶红外光谱表征这些沉淀的微观结构,从而推断胆结石的形成。     

甘氨脱氧胆酸钠胶束对Ca~(2+)离子的“缓冲”作用及其机理

采用浊度滴定、激光光散射谱、透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱等方法研究了甘氨脱氧胆酸钠(NaGDC)胶束对Ca2+的"缓冲"作用及其机理。结果表明,NaGDC浓度在CMC以上时,将延缓甘氨脱氧胆酸钙盐的沉淀,浓度越高"缓冲"能力越大。可能的作用机理是当NaGDC浓度小于CMC时,Ca2+直接与GDC-离子作用,形成甘氨脱氧胆酸钙沉淀;当NaGDC浓度大于CMC时,首先,Ca2+与NaGDC胶束亲水面上的羧基作用,使NaGDC小胶束通过Ca2+桥连接形成纤维状的大胶束。而后,随着Ca2+浓度的增加,纤维状胶束中与Ca2+作用的COO-逐渐增多,当胶束中Ca2+/Na+比增大到一定值时,最终形成NanCam(GDC)n+2m沉淀,从而延缓了甘氨脱氧胆酸钙盐的生成。为研究胆汁中表面活性与金属离子的复杂相互作用给出了新思路。     

正丙醇-水体系中SbI4-与U（Ⅶ）、Ce3+、Co2+和Ag+的析相萃取分离

研究了正丙醇-水体系析相萃取分离和富集SbI4-的行为及其与一些金属离子分离的条件。实验表明,控制pH为2,能使SbI4-与U()、Ce3+、Co2+和Ag+分离。     

水分子凝聚体系的介孔结构分形学

透射电镜研究表明，4,40-双硬脂酰胺基二苯醚在水中聚集、自组装成缠绕细纤维状聚集体，进而使整个体系形成三维网络结构．水分子被包囊在这个网络结构中，形成一种新型的凝聚体系(水分子凝胶)．水分子凝胶是一种典型的纳米介孔物质，其复杂的微孔结构可以用分形维数D来表征，通过气体吸附方法(孔度法和比表面积法)计算，求得水分子凝胶体系的微孔结构的分形维数为2.1?2.2．对于纤维状三维网络结构的分形表征，通过粘度法和Cayley分形树模型得出分形维数为1.98．由此推测其分形网络形成的过程是一个初始成核-生长-枝化的循环过程．     

十六烷基氯化吡啶-水-KI体系浮选分离锑

研究了十六烷基氯化吡啶-水-KI体系分离Sb3+的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件。结果表明,在一定条件下,Sb3+可与Co2+、Al3+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Fe2+和Mn2+定量分离。     

硫氰酸铵-十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵-水体系浮选分离汞(Ⅱ)

研究了硫氰酸铵-十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵-水体系浮选分离汞(Ⅱ)的行为及其常见金属离子的分离条件。控制pH=5.0,当0.01mol/L硫氰酸铵溶液和0.01mol/L十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(DDBAC)溶液的用量分别为0.30、0.50mL时,体系中形成的不溶于水的三元缔合物(DDBAC)2[Hg(SCN)4]可浮于水相上层形成界面清晰的液-固两相,分相过程中,Hg2+被定量浮选,而Zn2+,Cd2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Fe2+等离子在此条件下不被浮选,实现了Hg2+的定量分离。该方法对合成水样中微量Hg2+进行定量浮选分离测定,浮选率为96.0%—108.8%。     

十六烷基三甲基季铵溴化物-KI体系浮选分离铱

研究了十六烷基三甲基季铵澳化物-碘化钾体系分离铱的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件.试验表明,在一定条件下,Ir4+与Fe2+、Mn2+、Cr3+、Zn2+、Al3+、Ni2+、Co2和Mg2+离子可定量分离.     

掺入Ni元素的LiCoO2晶体光谱结构及电子顺磁共振g因子

在弱场图像下,利用Racah不可约张量算符方法得到了三角对称3d4/3d6电子组态的210阶可完全对角化的微扰哈密顿矩阵、最近邻点电荷模型晶体结构常量公式和电子顺磁共振g因子公式.研究了LiCoO2晶体和掺入Ni的LiCoO2:Ni晶体中Co3+的基态能级、晶体结构和电子顺磁共振g因子.考虑了LiCoO2晶体和LiCoO2:Ni晶体中自旋单重态和三重态对Co3+基态能级的影响,讨论了LiCoO2晶体和在LiCoO2晶体中掺杂Ni后Co3+局域结构常量大小的变化是引起Co3+的基态能级变化的主要原因,理论和实验都证实了这一点.还计算了掺杂前后的电子顺磁共振g因子,计算结果与实验值符合得较好.     

光谱法研究不同pH范围内三磷酸腺苷与Mg2+的相互作用

研究金属离子与ATP的相互作用方式,对于阐明金属离子与ATP参与的酶反应过程具有重要的意义.31P NMR光谱结果表明ATP分子的a-P在pH 2-8研究范围内都不参与键合作用,而β-P 和γ-P都参与键合作用.1H NMR光谱结果表明,当ATP与Mg2+发生相互作用时,其磷酸根阴离子与腺嘌呤碱基都会参与配位作用.紫外吸收光谱结果表明在碱性条件时,Mg2+会引起ATP分子发生碱基堆积,而在酸性条件时,碱基堆积则不会发生.     

Designed patterns: flexible control of precipitation through electric currents

Understanding and controlling precipitation patterns formed in reaction-diffusion processes is of fundamental importance with high potential for technical applications. Here we present a theory showing that precipitation resulting from reactions among charged agents can be controlled by an appropriately designed, time-dependent electric current. Examples of current dynamics yielding periodic bands of prescribed wavelength, as well as more complicated structures are given. The pattern control is demonstrated experimentally using the reaction-diffusion process 2AgNO3 + K2Cr2O7-->under Ag2Cr2O7 + 2KNO3.     

单晶YSZ的Xe+辐照损伤的电子显微分析

 不同注量200keV Xe⁺ 注入YSZ单晶样品的电子显微分析结果表明，随着辐照注量的增加，缺陷簇的密度增大，在1×10¹⁵~1×10¹⁶cm^-2Xe⁺注量，缺陷簇密度迅速增大，形成间隙型位错环；当Xe⁺注量增大到1×10¹⁷cm^-2，缺陷簇密度的增加变得缓慢，并且有直径为2～4nm的Xe气泡析出。选区电子衍射花样表明YSZ样品没有产生非晶化转变。在Xe⁺辐照的离位率高达约350dpa的情况下，YSZ晶体没有非晶化，其原因主要是由于注入的Xe⁺以气泡形式析出。     

Formation of periodic structures by the space-selective precipitation of Ge nanoparticles in channel waveguides

Thermally stabilized channel waveguides with Bragg gratings were fabricated by the space-selective precipitation technique of crystalline Ge nanoparticles using KrF excimer laser irradiation. The periodic structures consisting of Ge nanoparticles were formed in Ge-B-SiO₂ thin glass films after exposure to an interference pattern of the laser followed by annealing at 600 °C. The channel waveguides with the periodic structures were fabricated by the cladding of the patterned Cr layers on the films. The diffraction peak for the TE-like mode of 11.8 dB depth was observed clearly at a wavelength of 1526.4 nm, indicating that the periodic structure also served as the optical band-pass filter in optical communication wavelength. The spectral shape, diffraction efficiency, and diffraction wavelength remained unchanged even after annealing at 400 °C. Furthermore, a low temperature dependence of the diffraction wavelength - as low as 8.1 pm/°C - was achieved. The diffraction efficiency was further enhanced after subsequent annealing at 600 °C. The space-selective precipitation technique is expected to be useful for the fabrication of highly reliable optical filters or durable sensing devices operating at high temperature.     

柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法合成LiCoO2的晶体结构研究

用柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶凝胶法按照Li ∶Co2 =1∶1合成锂钴氧化物。利用热分析TG-DSC、X射线衍射、红外光谱、共焦显微Raman光谱和透射电子显微技术分析了锂钴氧化物凝胶体晶化过程及在不同煅烧温度下合成的LiCoO2晶体结构的变化。结果表明:煅烧温度由400℃升高到700℃时,晶体颗粒尺寸增大,其尺寸大小约20~40 nm,但在800℃时有所减小。光谱分析和电子衍射结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,LiCoO2晶体结构由改性尖晶石结构转变为层状岩盐结构。在改性尖晶石结构中,二价钴离子占据氧四面体间隙,三价钴离子占据氧八面体间隙;层状结构中,只有三价钴离子占据氧八面体间隙。     

L-半胱氨酸-金属离子配合物的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

利用拉曼光谱仪测定L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)和表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),发现L-Cys在纳米银棒上有明显的拉曼增强效应,对分子特征峰进行了归属,研究L-Cys在银纳米棒基底表面吸附机理,在固体NRS中在2 576 cm-1出处有明显的S-H伸缩振动峰,而SERS中没有出现,实验表明纳米银棒与L-Cys巯基上的S原子形成了Ag-S键,C-O和C-N伸缩振动有明显的增强。在不同pH值条件下,分析了L-Cys的拉曼光谱差异,探讨吸附行为的变化。在pH值为6时,S-H的伸缩振动峰基本消失,形成了稳定的S-Ag键;随着pH值增加趋于碱性时,羧基易失去H原子形成-COO-易与银发生吸附作用且振动峰增强。在pH值为7时,S原子与Ag形成稳定的S-Ag键,C-O和C-N的振动峰也最稳定。选择在pH值为7的条件下,在L-Cys溶液中加入Na+,Mg2+和Cu2+ 等10种金属盐,发现Al3+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Cd2+和Hg2+ 使L-Cys分子的结构发生了改变,金属离子与L-Cys另一端羧基发生作用,其中Cu2+,Zn2+,Cd2+和Hg2+随半径增大与S原子的孤电子发生作用越大。探讨了在不同pH值、不同比例和不同浓度下,金属离子与L-Cys作用SERS的变化,随着pH值、比例和浓度的增大,峰的强度有减小趋势。Cu2+与L-Cys作用的SERS信号很弱,Hg2+与L-Cys作用只出现了一个C-O的振动峰,说明Hg2+完全破坏了L-Cys的空间构型。该研究对蛋白质变性等的研究提供了重要参考信息。     

Propagation of surface acoustic waves in a piezoelectric medium with a periodic groove structure

A system of equations is formulated to describe the propagation of surface acoustic waves in a piezoelectric substrate whose surface has a periodic structure formed by transverse grooves. Dependences of the reflection coefficient and the wave velocity on the geometry of the periodic structure (the width and the depth of the grooves) are obtained in a wide range of variation of these parameters for five different orientations in various piezoelectric crystals (quartz, lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, and langasite).     

Theory of XMCD spectra at the L2,3 absorption edges of mixed valence Ce and Yb compounds in high magnetic fields

We examine the structure of aggregates formed due to DNA interaction with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in presence of Ca²⁺ and Zn²⁺ using small-angle synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SAXD) and neutron scattering (SANS). SAXD shows structural heterogeneity as a function of the cation concentration and temperature: At low cation concentration (∼1 mM), aggregates show two DPPC phases, one with a lateral segregation of DNA and cation, while higher cation concentration improves the DNA packing and the condensed lamellar phase is observed in DNA+DPPC+20mMion²⁺ aggregates. The SANS detected the dissolution of the condensed lamellar phase into unilamellar DPPC+Zn²⁺ vesicles due to gel ↦ liquid-crystal phase transition in DNA+DPPC+20mM Zn²⁺ aggregates with the short fragmented salmon sperm DNA.     

Complex Wave Excitations in Generalized Broer-Kaup System

Starting from an improved projective method and a linear variable separation approach, new families of variable separation solutions （including solltary wave solutlons, periodic wave solutions and rational function solutions） with arbitrary functions [or the （2＋ 1）-dimensional general/zed Broer-Kaup （GBK） system are derived. Usually, in terms of solitary wave solutions and/or rational function solutions, one can find abundant important localized excitations. However, based on the derived periodic wave solution in this paper, we reveal some complex wave excitations in the （2＋1）-dimensional GBK system, which describe solitons moving on a periodic wave background. Some interesting evolutional properties for these solitary waves propagating on the periodic wave bactground are also briefly discussed.     

Thermoluminescence (TL) of europium-doped ZrO2 obtained by sol–gel method

This article reports the preparation and characterization of europium-doped zirconium oxide (ZrO₂:Eu³⁺) formed by homogeneous precipitation from propoxyde of zirconium [Zr(OC₃H₇)₄]. The alkoxide sol gel process is an efficient method to prepare the zirconium oxide matrix by the hydrolysis of alkoxide precursors followed by condensation to yield a polymeric oxo-bridged ZrO₂ network. All compounds were characterized by thermal analysis and the X-ray diffractometry method. The thermoluminescence (TL) emission properties of ZrO₂:Eu³⁺ under beta radiation effects are studied. The europium-doped sintered zirconia powder presents a TL glow curve with two peaks (Tmax) centered at around 204 and around 292 ^°C, respectively. TL response of ZrO₂:Eu³⁺ as a function of beta-absorbed dose was linear from 2 Gy up to 90 Gy. The europium ion (Eu³⁺)-doped ZrO₂ was found to be more sensitive to beta radiation than undoped ZrO₂ obtained by the same method and presented a little fading of the TL signal compared with undoped zirconium oxide.