Energetic Particle Physics on the HL-2A Tokamak: A Review

Interaction between shear Alfvén wave(SAW) and energetic particles(EPs) is one of major concerns in magnetically confined plasmas since it may lead to excitation of toroidal symmetry breaking collective instabilities,thus enhances loss of EPs and degrades plasma confinement. In the last few years, Alfvénic zoology has been constructed on HL-2A tokamak and series of EPs driven instabilities, such as toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes(TAEs),revered shear Alfvén eigenmodes(RSAEs), beta induced Alfvén eigenmodes(BAEs), Alfvénic ion temperature gradient(AITG) modes and fishbone modes, have been observed and investigated. Those Alfvénic fluctuations show frequency chirping behaviors through nonlinear wave-particle route, and contribute to generation of axisymmetric modes by nonlinear wave-wave resonance in the presence of strong tearing modes. It is proved that the plasma confinement is affected by Alfvénic activities from multiple aspects. The RSAEs resonate with thermal ions, and this results in an energy diffusive transport process while the nonlinear mode coupling between core-localized TAEs and tearing modes trigger avalanche electron heat transport events. Effective measures have been taken to control SAW fluctuations and the fishbone activities are suppressed by electron cyclotron resonance heating. Those experimental results will not only contribute to better understandings of energetic particles physics, but also provide technology bases for active control of Alfvénic modes on International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER) and Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor(CFETR).     

Particle Physics and Cosmology

Observational tests of cosmological theories are reviewed, with emphasis on the cosmological microwave background (CMB) radiation and dark matter. Present observations of the CMB are consistent with inflationary models, that have already excluded some alternatives. Particle dark matter candidates are reviewed, including massive neutrinos, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), ultra-heavy relics from the Big Bang, and cosmological vacuum energy. Finally, some personal guesses at confidence ratings are hazarded.     

Soldered Bundles in Particle Physics

The use in gauge theories of soldered fiber bundles with Cartan connection is reviewed with particular emphasis on geometrically motivated symmetry breaking.     

SAM and the Particle Physics Data Grid

The D0 experiment‘s data and job management system software,SAM,is an operational prototype of many of the concepts being developed for Grid computing .We explain how the components of SAM map into the Data Grid architecture,We discuss the future use of Grid components to either replace existing components of SAM or to extend its functionality and utility.owrk being carried out as part of the Particle Physics Data Grid(PPDG) project.     

Modified Wave Particle Duality and Black Hole Physics

de Broglie relation is revisited, in consideration of a generalization of canonical commuting relation. The possible effects on particle's localization and black hole physics are also discussed, in a heuristic manner.     

Modified Wave Particle Duality and Black Hole Physics

de Broglie relation is revisited, in consideration of a generalization of canonical commuting relation. The possible effects on particle's localization and black hole physics are also discussed, in a heuristic manner.     

BESⅡ物理分析中的多变量粒子鉴别方法

以北京谱仪(BESⅡ)上常用的粒子鉴别方法(联合TOF测得的飞行时间和MDC的dE/dx)为基础,尝试利用TOF的Q值和BSC的沉积能量,发展基于多变量的粒子鉴别.将新的方法应用于p/p的鉴别,对粒子鉴别的效率、误判率和引进的系统误差进行了仔细的研究,证明均比原来有所改善     

Book Review: Thermal Physics

Journal of Statistical Physics -     

从物理"教学大纲"到"课程标准"看物理课程改革

2004年暑期开始，在全国有4个省将进入课程标准实验教材的实施实验；新入学的高一学生将使用新的教材在新的教育理念下进行高中阶段的学习．     

Nonclassical Field States in Quantum Optics and Particle Physics

The primary aim of the present paper is to draw the attention of particle physicists to new developments in studying squeezed and correlated states of the electromagnetic field, and those working on the latest developments to new findings about multiplicity distributions and other specific effects in quantum chromodynamics. New types of nonclassical states used in quantum optics such as squeezed states, correlated states, and even and odd coherent states (Schrödinger cat states) for one-mode and multimode interactions are reviewed. Their distribution functions are analyzed according to the method first used for multiplicity distributions in high-energy particle interactions. The phenomenon of oscillations of particle distribution functions of squeezed fields is described and related to the phenomenon of oscillations of cumulant moments of some distributions for squeezed and correlated field states. Possible extension of the method to fields different from the electromagnetic field (gluons, pions, etc.) is conjectured, and some predictions of specific effects in nucleus-nucleus interactions at high energies are presented.     

Cosmic Strings in Realistic Particle Physics Theories and Baryogenesis

Grand unified theories can admit cosmic stringswith fermion zero modes. Such zero modes result in thestring being current-carrying and the formation ofstable remnants, vortons. However, the string zero modes do not automatically survive subsequentphase transitions. In this case the vortons dissipate.It is possible that the dissipating cosmic vortonscreate the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. We show that fermion zero modes are anautomatic consequence cosmic strings in supersymmetrictheories. Since supersymmetry is not observed in nature,we consider possible supersymmetry-breaking terms. Some of these terms result in the zero modesbeing destroyed. We calculate the baryon asymmetrygenerated by the consequent dissipating cosmic vortons.If the supersymmetry-breaking scale is high enough, then the dissipating cosmic vortons couldaccount for the observed baryon asymmetry.     

Cherenkov Water Detectors in Particle Physics and Cosmic Rays

Among various types of Cherenkov detectors (solid, liquid and gaseous) created for different studies, the most impressive development was gained by water detectors: from the first detector with a volume of several liters in which the Cherenkov radiation was discovered, to the IceCube detector with a volume of one cubic kilometer. The review of the development of Cherenkov water detectors for various purposes and having different locations ? ground-based, underground and underwater–is presented in the paper. The prospects of their further development are also discussed.     

粒子物理学家摘取2008年度诺贝尔物理学奖简介

2008年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予了三名"标准模型的建筑师".诺贝尔委员会将奖金的一半授予美国芝加哥大学的日裔物理学家南部阳一郎,以表彰他"在亚原子物理领域,发现自发性对称破缺的机制";另一半奖金则授予两名日本物理学家,KEK实验室(筑波高能加速器研究社)的小林诚和日本京都大学汤川理论物理研究院的益川敏英,奖励他们"发现对称破缺的原因,并据此预言在自然界中至少存在三族夸克".     

二维粒子模拟方法及在空间物理中应用

在粒子模拟的PIC(particle in cell)模式中,与场有关的物理量如电磁场等分配在固定的网格点上,而粒子则可在计算区域的任意位置上.设计了一个二维三分量的粒子模拟程序,并用它计算了空间物理中两种常见的物理现象:束流不稳定性和磁场重联.在束流不稳定性问题中,一束速度为V_b=10V_A(V_A为Alfvén速度)的等离子体在背景等离子中运动,通过波粒相互作用可激发沿磁场方向传播的Alfvén波.在磁场重联问题中,具有Harris形态的电流片可自发地引起磁场重联,并且B_y分量的磁场具有四极形分布.     

第五届粒子物理、核物理和宇宙学交叉学科前沿问题研讨会文集

第五届粒子物理、核物理和宇宙学交叉学科前沿问题研讨会于2006年8月21日至8月25日在青海省西宁市举行.