光电信息技术与信息化战争(连载)第四讲信息技术对战争理论的影响

战争有自己的规律可循。战争规律的形成和演变既受内在因素的作用，也受外部条件和环境的影响。工业革命时代孕育了机械化战争，出现了大兵团作战理论、空战理论、海战理论和坦克战理论等，在信息时代有的理论显得过时了，有些理论则在新的条件下有所发展。新的战争理论仍在层出不穷，有些将在新的环境中起主导作用。第二次世界大战是大规模机械化战争的鼎盛时期，也使大兵团作战理论、空战理论、海战理论和坦克战理论等达到了登峰造极的程度。工业的机械化直接推动了战争的机械化，大工业生产使武器系统的全面机械化成为可能，大量的装备是…     

光电信息技术与信息化战争

战争有自己的规律可循。战争规律的形成和演变既受内在因素的作用，也受外部条件和环境的影响。工业革命时代孕育了机械化战争，出现了大兵团作战理论、空战理论、海战理论和坦克战理论等，在信息时代有的理论显得过时了，有些理论则在新的条件下有所发展。新的战争理论仍在层出不穷，有些将在新的环境中起主导作用。     

玻尔理论的比较研究--纪念玻尔理论诞生90周年

本文回顾了玻尔理论，系统地分析了玻尔理论和经典理论、量子力学之间的联系与本质区别，简要论述了玻尔理论对物理学发展的贡献与历史地位。     

超导理论研究进展

本文概述了超导微观理论研究的最新进展．首先简述了超导微观理论研究的主要成就和重费米子库珀对态的原子表示；然后综述了高温氧化物超导体的微观电子理论和超导机制，其中包括共振价键理论、局域反铁磁交换作用理论、多极化子理论和超导弦理论等．     

虹的理论进展

本文综述了虹的笛卡尔理论、艾里理论、米氏理论和复角动量理论，并对它们进行了比较和评论．     

虹的理论进展

本文综述了虹的笛卡尔理论、艾里理论、米氏理论和复角动量理论，并对它们进行了比较和评论．     

推动人类文明与进步的物理学：量子理论（一）

量子理论是关于微观客体的理论。它基于物质的波粒二象性。在量子力学的基础上建立了原子物理理论、原子核理论和凝聚态物理理论。它统一解释了原子和分子的各种光谱，统一解释了元素周期表，统一解释了各种分子键，统一解释了各种物性、现象，它推动了物理，化学甚至生物学的统一进程。但是它不能处理粒子的产生、湮没等现象。     

小波理论与分形

扼要介绍了正在兴起的小波理论产生的背景和基本知识，论述了小波理论与分形理论之间的密切联系。     

随机激光器的理论与研究现状

综述了随机激光器的最新理论与实验进展，对光散射理论、环形腔理论、环形波导理论等各种随机激光理论的内容、应用范围及其差异等进行了重点分析和评述，并介绍了一些随机激光器的重要实验。讨论了随机激光器未来的发展，并描述了随机激光器潜在的应用前景。     

YAP晶体光纤弹光效应的研究

利用受扰光纤理论理论和光纤弹光效应理论对ＹＡＰ晶体光纤弹光效应进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明，这种晶纤可以弹光调制、压力和加速度传感等方面得到应力，并为该类传感器的设计提供理论根据。     

热等离子体中Stark谱线增宽和移动的理论及实验现状

本文系统介绍了热等离子体中原子和离子辐射的谱线增宽理论和实验现状。特别是结合当前面临的“反直觉结果”(Counter IntuitiveResults) ,着重讨论了一些可能有用的理论方法     

One-Particle Spectral Function of Electrons in a Hot and Dense Plasma

A self-consistent determination of the spectral function and the self-energy of electrons in a hot and dense plasma is reported. The self-energy is determined within the approximation of the screened potential (GW approximation). The rigorous self-consistent calculation of the spectral function is compared with the quasi-particle approximation. Results are presented for the solar core plasma as well as for ICF plasmas. It is shown, that the quasi-particle concept is not an adequate concept for these plasmas. For the sake of comparison an effective quasi-particle picture is introduced.     

扇束辐射层析技术重建三维流场

运用扇束扫描数据采集系统获得三维流场辐射谱强度数据,并采用重排算法及MART技术相结合作为扇形束辐射层析重建算法.通过数值模拟进行了算法检验并确定了系统旋转及扫描参数.最后,根据该扇束辐射层析技术进行了热等离子体三维流场重建实验.结果表明：用该方法重建的温度场与文献所得结果相近(重建温度范围都在4000～14000 K之间),重建三维等离子场电子(离子)数密度场范围在10×1015～70×1015个/cm3之间.     

Spectroscopic studies of plasmas produced from thin foils by fast risetime nanosecond laser pulses

Studies of emission spectra in the region 20–250 ? from plasmas produced from thin foils of various materials 6?Z?26 by fast risetime nanosecond laser pulses are reported. Ionization and recombination occuring in these plasmas as deduced from the identification of the spectral lines and their intensities is discussed. Estimates of the plasma temperature are made. The results are compared with the predictions of a computer code based on a thermal wave model for the initial burn through the foil and subsequent hydrodynamic expansion of the plasma.     

Classical and quantum theories of the polarization bremsstrahlung in the local electron density model

Classical and quantum theories of polarization bremsstrahlung in a statistical (Thomas-Fermi) potential of complex atoms and ions are developed. The basic assumptions of the theories correspond to the approximations employed earlier in classical and quantum calculations of ordinary bremsstrahlung in a static potential. This makes it possible to study on a unified basis the contribution of both channels in the radiation taking account of their interference. The classical model makes it possible to obtain simple universal formulas for the spectral characteristics of the radiation. The theory is applied to electrons with moderate energies, which are characteristic for plasma applications, specifically, radiation from electrons on the argon-like ion KII at frequencies close to its ionization potential. The computational results show the importance of taking account of the polarization channel of the radiation for plasma with heavy ions.     

Probing strong field ionization of solids with a Thomson parabola spectrometer

Intense ultrashort laser pulses are known to generate high-density, high-temperature plasma from any substrate. Copious emission of hot electrons, from a solid substrate, results in strong electrostatic field that accelerates the ions with energies ranging from a few eV to MeV. Ion spectrometry from laser–plasma is convolved with multiple atomic systems, several charge states and a broad energy spread. Conventional mass spectrometric techniques have serious limitations to probe this ionization dynamics. We have developed an imaging ion spectrometer that measures charge/mass-resolved ion kinetic energies over the entire range. Microchannel plate (MCP) is used as the position-sensitive detector to perform online and single shot measurements. The well-resolved spectrum even for the low-energy ions, demonstrates that the spectral width is limited by the space-charge repulsion for the ions generated in the hot dense plasma.     

High-Energy Electron Production by Vp × B Acceleration in Microwave-Plasma Interaction Experiments

Detailed experimental observations on the microwave plasma interaction in a nonuniform plasma with weak magnetic field (?/? ? 10-2) have revealed that high-energy electrons are produced by a process of the VP × B acceleration, where ? and ? are, respectively, electron cyclotron and microwave frequencies. The maximum energy of hot electrons increases almost linearly to about 1 keV with the RF power up to 8 kW. Hot electrons are produced from typically two regions; one in the underdense region (several centimeters down the critical layer for the resonance absorption) and the other in the resonance absorption area. The theoretical predictions have interpreted the experimental results in reasonable agreement.     

Lattice QCD at finite temperature and density

QCD at finite temperature and density is becoming increasingly important for various experimental programmes, ranging from heavy ion physics to astro-particle physics. The non-perturbative nature of non-abelian quantum field theories at finite temperature leaves lattice QCD as the only tool by which we may hope to come to reliable predictions from first principles. This requires careful extrapolations to the thermodynamic, chiral and continuum limits in order to eliminate systematic effects introduced by the discretization procedure. After an introduction to lattice QCD at finite temperature and density, its possibilities and current systematic limitations, a review of present numerical results is given. In particular, plasma properties such as the equation of state, screening masses, static quark free energies and spectral functions are discussed, as well as the critical temperature and the QCD phase structure at zero and finite density.     

Geometry and topology of chiral anomalies in gauge theories

Geometrical and topological aspects of chiral anomalies in gauge theories are reviewed. Geometrical and topological concepts and results for chiral anomalies in gauge theories are considered, including differential forms, Lie groups, homotopy, homology, cohomology, Riemannian manifolds, fibre bundles, characteristic classes, index theorems and spectral flow. Gauge theories and their formulation in terms of differential forms and fibre bundles are described. The quantisation of gauge theories is performed using path integrals, and the orbit space, BRST symmetries and ? vacuum are discussed. Gauge theories with fermions are formulated, including realistic models of strong and weak interactions. Chiral anomalies and related issues such as the existence of Schwinger terms, their origins in terms of differential forms, cohomology, the orbit space, BRST identities, Hamiltonian systems and relations to index theorems are analysed. Constraints on models for particle physics from chiral anomalies and theories involving spontaneously broken chiral symmetry described by effective Lagrangians are also mentioned.     

Photoluminescence and terahertz emission from femtosecond laser-induced plasma channels

Luminescence as a mechanism for terahertz emission from femtosecond laser-induced plasmas is studied. By using a fully microscopic theory, Coulomb scattering between electrons and ions is shown to lead to luminescence even for a spatially homogeneous plasma. The spectral features introduced by the rod geometry of laser-induced plasma channels in air are discussed on the basis of a generalized mode-function analysis.