研磨对拟薄水铝石相变的影响

氧化铝存在多种物相,相变过程非常复杂,在温度足够高时,所有的氧化铝变体都可以转变为α-氧化铝,本文运用TG/DTA、XRD等分析技术,对研磨作用对拟薄水铝石相变过程的影响进行了研究,通过研磨,拟薄水铝石粒度变细,表面能增加,同时也是引入晶种的过程,这些因素都对可以降低相变过程的活化能,对相变过程有着积极的影响,研磨后,拟薄水铝石转变为α-氧化铝的相变温度降低.     

Mo对非晶态合金Ni-B/薄水铝石催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用浸渍-化学还原法制备了一系列不同Mo含量的Ni-Mo-B/薄水铝石非晶态合金催化剂样品.以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,考察了样品的催化性能,并采用X射线衍射、差示扫描量热法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附、X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜等技术对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Mo的添加促进了Ni活性物种的分散,提高了催化剂的热稳定性,降低了催化剂的还原温度;同时,催化剂的吸氢强度减弱,酸性增强,从而显著提高了催化剂活性.当催化剂中Mo/Ni质量比为12%时活性最高,于220oC反应时,噻吩转化率达到73.9%.     

稀土铕离子掺杂对拟薄水铝石晶体结构和相变的影响

研究了Eu3+离子对拟薄水铝石高温相变及微结构的影响。XRD及热分析结果表明,拟薄水铝石在560,882及1224℃分别经历-γAlOOH→-γAl2O3,γ-Al2O3→-θAl2O3和-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变。Eu3+掺杂后-γAlOOH→-γAl2O3相变温度不变,-γAl2O3→-θAl2O3和-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变温度分别提高到1054和1237℃。晶胞体积增大及衍射峰2θ值减小说明Eu3+离子以部分离子取代的形式进入-γAl2O3及-θAl2O3晶格。Eu3+离子进入晶格抑制了γ-Al2O3及-θAl2O3晶粒生长速率。-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变过程中Eu3+离子随Al3+一起迁移,并与Al3+离子及O2-离子形成了一个新生化合物相EuAl12O19。分析认为,该化合物在-αAl2O3晶界间存在,阻碍了-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相转变过程中离子扩散速率,使-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变活化能由822.0提高到1063.15 kJ.mol-1。Eu3+离子掺杂使-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变过程由形核控制转变为表面扩散控制。     

以拟薄水铝石为铝源制备浆态床二甲醚合成催化剂

利用完全液相法, 以拟薄水铝石(AlOOH)为铝源制备了CuZnAl浆状催化剂, 并通过添加不同的干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA)对催化剂前驱体进行了修饰, 采用X射线粉末衍射、氮气吸附、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原对其进行了表征, 考察了CuZnAl浆状催化剂在一步法合成二甲醚反应中的催化性能. 实验结果表明, 以AlOOH为铝源, 所得样品的Cu和Al间相互作用较强, 生成了CuAl2O4相, 从而减少了催化剂中可还原Cu2O的数量, 降低催化活性. 添加不同DCCA对催化剂性能有显著的影响, 其中加入丙三醇增加了催化剂的比表面积和平均孔径, 改善了催化剂组分的分散性, 抑制了CuAl2O4的形成, 提高了催化剂中的可还原Cu2O量, 从而显著提高了催化剂的二甲醚时空收率和选择性.     

以拟薄水铝石为铝源合成的β沸石的表征和催化性能(英文)

考察了以拟薄水铝石为铝源、固体硅胶为硅源、四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂时不同晶化混合液ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比和不同晶化温度对β沸石合成的影响。ＸＲＤ、ＴＧＡ、ＩＣＰ及ＳＥＭ研究结果表明,在晶化混合液ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３比为２０至５０之间、晶化温度为１４０℃～１６０℃范围内能合成出高结晶度的β沸石,且β沸石硅铝比与晶化混合液硅铝比呈良好的线性关系：ＴＧＡ总失重量随β沸石硅铝比增加而增加,晶化温度对β沸石的晶粒度没有明显影响。此外,所制备的Ｈβ沸石对甲苯与Ｃ９芳烃歧化和烷基转移反应具有良好的催化性能。     

聚合氯化铝制备拟薄水铝石及γ-Al2O3的研究Ⅱ——表面活性剂影响探讨

本实验采用自制的聚合氯化铝溶液为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备拟薄水铝石及其衍生物γ-Al2O3,采用XRD、TEM和N2吸附法对样品进行表征和分析,探讨了不同pH值、不同合成温度以及不同pluronic表面活性剂对产物结构性质的影响。结果表明:当pH值为8.5时水合氧化铝以拟薄水铝石为主;当温度为70℃时制备的产物为拟薄水铝石晶相。随着表面活性剂L64、L65和F68分子量的增加,生成的拟薄水铝石及其衍生物γ-Al2O3的物相结晶度升高,但产物的晶相没有改变。所制备的拟薄水铝石在500℃焙烧6 h后均得到γ-Al2O3,其中表面活性剂为L65时扩孔效果最佳,比表面积、孔容和孔径分别为231 m2.g-1、0.28 cm3.g-1和4.52 nm。     

高取代度羧甲基瓜尔胶溶液的微观结构及流变性能

利用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)对粘度在5000mpa.s的高取代度羧甲基瓜尔胶及其降解产物的胶液微观结构进行了表征,并且与海藻酸钠胶液的微观结构相比,显示出不同程度的结构差异。这种结构差异导致其流变行为的差异。结果显示降解高取代度羧甲基瓜尔胶与海藻酸钠胶液的微观结构及流变性能接近,在物理性能和化学性能上较为符合活性染料印花糊料的要求。     

胶凝对氧化钡改性的氧化铝热稳定性的作用(英)

比较了γＡｌ２Ｏ３ 和胶凝预处理的拟薄水铝石经Ｂａ 改性前后在１ １５０ ℃高温下的热稳定性．ＢＥＴ表面积、孔径分布和ＸＲＤ 表征结果表明, 胶凝处理降低了氧化铝的孔径并加速了高温烧结．Ｂａ 的引入抑制了上述两种氧化铝向α相的转变,同时与ＢａＯ发生高温固相反应形成钡的六铝酸盐,但拟薄水铝石的胶凝处理削弱了Ｂａ 的高温稳定作用． 结果显示, γＡｌ２Ｏ３ 经Ｂａ 的改性不但抑制了αＡｌ２Ｏ３ 的生成,而且还抑制了γＡｌ２Ｏ３ 的烧结．     

高分散纳米薄水铝石和纳米氧化铝的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

以硝酸铝为铝源,尿素为沉淀剂,采用无模板水热法合成纳米薄水铝石(γ-AlO(OH))。在不同温度下煅烧后,得到氧化铝产物(γ-Al2O_3和θ-Al2O_3)。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氮气吸附-脱附法和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对产物进行了表征分析。并且研究了产物对甲基橙(MO)的吸附性能,系统地考察了吸附时间、溶液的pH值、甲基橙浓度及循环使用对产物吸附性能的影响。此外,还对吸附过程进行了相关吸附理论研究。结果表明:与其他方法所制备的产物相比,通过该方法获得的产物的分散性更高,形态更均匀和完整。产物为高度分散的纳米捆扎状结构。γ-AlO(OH)对甲基橙的最大吸附量达1 492.5 mg·g~(-1)。另外,产物的吸附机制包含化学作用吸附机制和静电作用吸附机制等。3种产物对甲基橙的吸附均符合Langmuir单分子层吸附模型,吸附过程均符合二级动力学特征。     

胺功能化的拟薄水铝石纳米颗粒负载的Mn-V复合物：高效的烯烃环氧化催化剂

将具有高比表面积和表面高度羟基化的拟薄水铝石纳米颗粒与3-(3甲氧基硅烷)-正丙胺进行共价结合而官能团化,再用于负载硫酸氧钒和六羰基钼络合物。所得样品采用红外光谱、粉末X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、X射线光电子能谱、元素分析、电感耦合等离子体和透射电镜等技术进行了表征,并用于顺-环辛烯的环氧化反应中,优化了诸如溶剂和氧化剂等反应条件。反应过程采用气-液色谱进行监测。重复使用实验表明,该纳米催化剂可重复使用多次,并保持顺-环辛烯接近完全环氧化。所得到的优化反应条件也成功用于其它的取代烯烃的环氧化反应中。     

Rheological Behavior of Titanium Dioxide Suspensions

The rheological properties of titanium dioxide dispersed in water are measured over a wide range of powder concentrations, temperatures, and pH values. The value of intrinsic viscosity of titanium dioxide measured with an Ubbelohde capillary viscometer is 3.55, which is useful for determining the shape and aggregation property of the particles. The yield stress and steady shear viscosity of titanium dioxide with broad and narrow particle size distributions were measured over a wide range of solid volume fractions on a Brabender rheometer. It is observed that the rheological properties of the suspensions are quite different due to the difference in particle size distributions. Quemada, Casson, and Zhou's models were used to fit the experimental data and useful parameters were obtained. Calculated data are also in good agreement with the experimental data. As expected, the shear viscosity and yield stress decrease with increasing temperature. But when the temperature is around 50 degrees C, yield stress increases with increasing temperature while shear viscosity exhibits a complex behavior. The phenomena are very interesting and special. The Peclet number was used to analyze the shear thickening behavior. Models were also used to describe the shear viscosity under different temperatures and the master plots of the reduced variables eta/eta(infinity) vs t(c)gamma; at different temperatures are superimposed, which means the agreement is fair and the models are suitable to describe the rheological properties of titanium dioxide suspensions. pH effects were investigated on a Rheometrics RFS-II rheometer and it was found that pH can change the surface charge of the particles, which also affects the rheological behavior. The pH at which maximum shear viscosity and yield stress occur is in concordance with the isoelectric point. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

表面活性剂对TiO2水悬浮体稳定及流变性质的影响

在陶瓷的制备过程中,通常需将陶瓷粉末分散于水中形成陶瓷浆后再浇铸成型.研究表明[1],陶瓷浆的分散、稳定及流变性质直接影响到成品的性能.因此,研究分散稳定剂对该浆料性质的影响有着重要意义.本文利用电泳和流变学方法研究了TiO2在表面活性剂的水溶液中浓浆体的分散稳定性及流变性质.     

Effect of the Interfacial Agents with Different Types of Hydrophilic Functional Groups on the Rheological Properties of Coal-Water Slurry

Five interfacial agents with different hydrophilic groups (DBS, SDS, SO, TX, CTAB) are used as model additives to prepare coal-water slurry (CWS). The effects of different interfacial agents on the rheological properties of CWS are systemically investigated, the microscopic aggregation behavior of coal particles in the suspensions and the zeta potentials in coal-water interface are also studied. Based on the interpretation of the results, the rheological behavior of CWS is greatly influenced by the adsorption pattern of the interfacial agents in coal-water interface. The adsorption patterns of anionic interfacial agents on coal surface are mainly influenced by the combining force between the anionic hydrophilic groups with Ca²⁺, the stronger combining force with Ca²⁺ leads to the apparent viscosity increase and heavier pseudo-plastic property of CWS. The adsorption pattern of nonionic interfacial agent on coal surface is seldom influenced by the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chain, and the addition of nonionic interfacial agent reduces the apparent viscosity of CWS. The adsorption pattern of cationic interfacial agent on coal surface is determined by its cationic head, and the addition of cationic interfacial agent increases the apparent viscosity of CWS. The concluded adsorption models of the interfacial agents with different hydrophilic groups can be guidance for the molecular design of high-performance additives of CWS.      

Rheological Properties of Acrylamide Hydrogels

Influence of water content and mechanical action on the viscosity of acrylamide hydrogels is studied. It is shown that an anomalous viscous and viscoplastic flows occur at a low and high water content, respectively. Peculiarities of the hydrogel destruction at different water content are discussed.     

Rheological Properties of Particle-Stabilized Emulsions

We have studied the rheological properties of fumed silica particle-stabilized emulsions. Two particles of different polarity were considered, the first more hydrophilic “Aerosil R7200,” the second more hydrophobic “Aerosil R972.” These particles flocculate and probably form a network at the investigated concentration. The flow curves of emulsions stabilized by a single type of particles exhibit yield stress, shear-thinning behavior and thixotropy. Moreover they display rheological features typical of gels. These features are attributed to strengthening of the particle network by droplets. Moreover the rheological properties of w/o emulsions stabilized by hydrophobic are similar to the ones of o/w emulsions stabilized by hydrophilic particles. The rheological properties of o/w emulsions stabilized by mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles have then been studied by keeping the total particle concentration constant and varying the mass ratio between particles. The results show that when the hydrophobic particle concentration increases, the viscosity and stability of emulsions decrease establishing evidence that the network is weakened due to preferential orientation of hydrophobic particles towards the oil phase.     

生物可降解聚酯熔体的流变性质

采用毛细管流变仪,研究了PGA和PGLA910两种生物可降解聚酯熔体的流变性质。实验结果表明,两种聚合熔体均具有较低的剪切粘度,其非牛顿指数分别为:n_(PGA)=0.80-0.94,n_(PGLA910)=0.87-0.95;粘流活化能分别为:E_(PGA)=5.74-7.31kcal/mol,E_(PGLA910)=2.64-4.31kcal/mol。还采用“末端校正法”测定了两种聚合物熔体的剪切模量(G)和弹性可复形变(Sr),结果表明,PGLA熔体的弹性比PGA熔体大。     

拟薄水铝石胶溶过程规律及微结构分析

研究了工业拟薄水铝石粉体用硝酸作为胶溶剂的胶溶过程及结构特性.试验测定了制备工艺条件(pH值、温度)对胶体性能的影响,在pH<4时得到稳定胶体.用TEM观察到胶体是由长10nm左右的棒状胶粒相互连接组成空间网状结构.FTIR结果表明颗粒表面的-NO3-和-OH-浓度增加,-NO3-除形成A1-NO3键外,还有部分以游离态存在于体系中.提出了胶粒外层吸附模型.     

表面活性剂溶致液晶的流变学性质

系统阐述了三种溶致液晶(六角状、立方状和层状液晶)的流变性质,概括了各自的流变性特点并给出了其理论模型,特别对立方相的流变学模型和层状相的剪切诱导转变作用进行了较详细的说明.讨论了因为这种转变而导致的囊泡的形成,并且在表面活性剂和嵌段共聚物中均可观察到剪切诱导的结构转变.     

胶质液体泡沫的流变性

应用RV-30旋转粘度计和锥板式RS300应力控制流变仪, 采用稳态剪切方法和小振幅振荡剪切对胶质液体泡沫(CLA)体系的流变特性进行了系统分析, 讨论了温度、 相体积比(油相与水相体积比, PVR)和剪切速率对体系流变性质的影响. 稳态剪切实验结果表明, CLA体系表现出非牛顿流体特征, 其流变行为符合Herschel-Bulkley流变模式. 同时, CLA体系表现出剪切稀释特性, 不具有触变性. 粘弹性实验结果表明, 在低PVR(PVR=2~4)条件下, CLA无线性粘弹性区; 当PVR=8时, 表现出一定程度的粘弹性; 温度对体系的流变行为和粘弹性的影响不显著. 通过与高内相乳状液(HIPRE)体系比较, 发现CLA与HIPRE具有相似的流变特性, 这也说明两者在微观结构上具有一定的相似性.     

高固含量聚合物乳液流变性研究进展

近二十多年来,如何提高乳胶产品固含量一直是乳液制备工作所追求的重要目标之一。相对于传统乳液而言,高固含量具有更大的分散相体积分数,甚至达到70%(wt)以上。因此,高分散相体积分数状态下的流变性能一直成为高固含量乳液制备过程中的瓶颈。粒子尺寸及其分布在粘度控制过程中起着至关重要的作用。本文从单分散体系、多元分散体系和宽粒径分布体系三个方面,详细评述了近几年高固含量乳液流变研究领域的数学建模和实验研究。并对高固含量乳液流变性能研究的发展进行了展望。