基于激光反射法的单摆测量重力加速度

为提高单摆测量重力加速度的精度,在传统单摆测量方法的基础上,提出了基于激光反射法在单摆上测量重力加速度的方法.该方法利用激光反射法提高单摆周期的探测精度,利用逐差法减小单摆摆长的测量误差,能有效地避免微小圆锥摆对于测量精度的影响.实验结果表明:该方法测得武汉当地的重力加速度为g=9.792m/s2,与用原子干涉法的测量结果相比在误差范围内(±0.002m/s2)一致.     

自由落体实验(光电计时)的测量安排和光电门位置选择

“用自由落体测定重力加速度(光电计时)”实验所用的专用仪器是一个小钢球下落,通过放在一定位置上的一个或两个光电门E_1、E_2计时或测定速度,如图1所示,本文讨论通过对实验教学的安排体现其潜在的训练内容及通过具体的误差分析说明实验中的参量选择。一、对几种测量方法安排的考虑本实验安排学生运用几种不同测量公式来测定重力加速度g。现将几种方法所自依据的公式以及其优缺点阐明如下:     

用微机自动测量重力加速度

用微机自动测量重力加速度程志惠（中国人民解放军军需工业学校邢台０５４０３５）用普通单摆测量重力加速度一般精度仅能达到千分之几，而且测量比较繁琐．为提高测量精度和简化测量过程，本人对单摆装置作了改进，并采用２８６微机，实现了高精度自动测量．相对误差仅为...     

朗威数字化信息系统实验室V6.0位移传感器的局限性

尝试用DISlabV6.0位移传感器在不同条件下测量重力加速度,实验显示:测量结果与实际值之间差异较大.在现有可行的实验条件下,DISlabV6.0位移传感器不适合定量地测量重力加速度.     

测量不确定度分析在大学物理实验中的应用--单摆测重力加速度

重力加速度是物理学中一个重要的力学常量,其测定方法有很多,在大学物理实验中常用到的测量方法是单摆法.但实验原理仅研究了单摆摆球的运动,忽略了摆球大小、浮力、摆线质量等因素的影响,因此测量结果不够精确.通过对引起单摆法测定重力加速度的相关系统误差进行修正,得到相对精确的重力加速度公式和相应的合成标准不确定度公式.最后对测得的数据进行合理地分析和计算,最终得出较为精确的实验结果.     

一种用D I S系统测量重力加速度的方法

本文阐述了重力加速度值的理论计算, 以及介绍了一种主要选取D I S系统中力传感器和光电门传感器 来测量重力加速度的新方法. 并且用这种新方法进行了实验测量, 得出的重力加速度值比较准确, 所以此新方法在 物理实验教学中是可取的     

大质量恒星的宿命

在高中物理的学习中有多种测量重力加速度的方法，如“滴水法测量重力加速度”、“利用单摆测量重力加速度”、“利用机械能守衡测量重力加速度”等等，本文介绍一种运用“落体音叉”测量重力加速度的方法，与同行商榷．     

基于阿基米德定律测量重力加速度

基于阿基米德定律设计一种测量重力加速度的实验装置,对重力加速度进行测量.通过本实验得到的重力加速与当地重力加速度标准值的相对误差为0.14%,这为实验测量室重力加速度提供一种新方法。     

运用"落体音叉"测量重力加速度

在高中物理的学习中有多种测量重力加速度的方法,如"滴水法测量重力加速度"、"利用单摆测量重力加速度"、"利用机械能守衡测量重力加速度"等等,本文介绍一种运用"落体音叉"测量重力加速度的方法,与同行商榷.     

基于PASCO系统的重力加速度测定

通过对传统实验仪器和测量方法的改造,利用PASCO系统转动传感器测量得到单摆角位移与时间的关系,并使用Science Workshop高功能的数据处理软件DataStudio进行实验数据智能获取,以及MathWorks多功能的数值计算软件Matlab进行数据点的最小二乘法拟合,进而实现对重力加速度的测量,结果表明实验测量值接近公认值.     

Role of stochastic heating in wakefield acceleration monitored by optical injection

It is shown that stochastic heating can play an important role in Laser Wake Field Acceleration. When considering low density plasma interacting with a high intensity wave perturbed by a low intensity counterpropagating wave, stochastic heating can provide electrons with the right momentum for trapping in the wake field. The influence of stochastic acceleration on the trapping of electrons is compared to the one of cold injection by considering several polarizations of the colliding pulses. For some value of the plasma density and pulse duration, a transition from an injection due to stochastic acceleration to a cold injection dominated regime – regarding the trapped charge – has been observed from PIC code simulations. When the plasma density exceeds some value, stochastic heating becomes important and is necessary in some circumstances to get electrons trapped into the wakefield.     

Developments in laser wakefield accelerators:From single-stage to two-stage

Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)are compact accelerators which can produce femtosecond high-energy electron beams on a much smaller scale than the conventional radiofrequency accelerators.It is attributed to their high acceleration gradient which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the traditional ones.The past decade has witnessed the major breakthroughs and progress in developing the laser wakfield accelerators.To achieve the LWFAs suitable for applications,more and more attention has been paid to optimize the LWFAs for high-quality electron beams.A single-staged LWFA does not favor generating controllable electron beams beyond 1 Ge V since electron injection and acceleration are coupled and cannot be independently controlled.Staged LWFAs provide a promising route to overcome this disadvantage by decoupling injection from acceleration and thus the electron-beam quality as well as the stability can be greatly improved.This paper provides an overview of the physical conceptions of the LWFA,as well as the major breakthroughs and progress in developing LWFAs from single-stage to two-stage LWFAs.     

Proton angular distribution research by a new angle-resolved proton energy spectrometer

The proton spectral and angular distributions simultaneously within the target normal direction and laser propagation direction by using an angle-resolved proton energy spectrometer are studied.For the protons generated in the interactions of 100 fs,800nm laser pulses with aluminum foil targets,the deviations of proton beam centers of different energies from the target normal direction towards the laser propagation direction are different.This is probably because of the toroidal magnetic fields generated at the rear target surface,which deflect protons transversely.As a result,protons in low energy range have large deviation angles,protons in middle energy range have the smallest deviation angles,while protons in high energy tail have large deviation angles.     

论质点运动学的内禀方程及其应用

在理工科大学物理课程的教学中,一般只讨论变速圆周运动,本文着重讨论自然坐标系及其给出的内禀方程,并举例详述它在求解质点曲线运动问题时的重要性.这对刚学过的高等数学知识可获得一次应用的机会,有助于学生今后对本课程和后续课程的巩固和提高运用高等数学知识解决问题的能力.这也是本课程的＂教学基本要求＂对力学部分施教过程中的一项重要意图.     

激光等离子体稳相加速机制研究

现有激光等离子体加速机制中纵向电场对离子的有效加速长度很短（微米量级）,且束流能散大,得到的离子能量较低.当采用圆偏振激光和固体靶相互作用时,如果激光的归一化光强矢量a与靶的电子面密度n0〖〗ncD〖〗λL相当时,则存在一种稳相加速机制.此时激光和等离子相互作用产生的静电场不仅可以用于加速离子,而且还可以在纵向对离子进行聚束,从而可以有效地降低束流能散.数值模拟结果表明,利用激光加速可以得到能散小于5％的单能离子束,这对激光加速器走向实际应用有着重要意义.     

Laser-induced ion acceleration at ultra-high laser intensities

Ion acceleration by ultrashort laser pulses of very high intensities of the order 10²²?W/cm² is studied by two-dimensional Particle-In-Cell simulations. We show that laser normal incidence is preferred for such high intensities. For linearly polarized laser radiation, higher maximum proton/ion energies are achieved than for circular polarization. For linear polarization, the transition from the target normal sheath acceleration to the acceleration on the target front side by the radiation pressure is analyzed in detail. The transition intensity is increasing with the target thickness. The radiation pressure dominated regime leads to considerably higher number of accelerated protons and thus to a higher acceleration efficiency.     

Repulsive Effect for Unbound High Energy Particles Along Rotation Axis in Kerr-Taub-NUT Spacetime

We have investigated the acceleration of the unbound high energy particles moving along the rotation axis in the Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime, and then study the dependence of the repulsive effects on the NUT charge for the particles in the spacetime. Whether the repulsive effects with the NUT charge become stronger depends on the Carter constant, the position and velocity of the particles themselves. We also present numerically the changes of the observable velocity and acceleration with the NUT charge for the unbound particles in the Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime.     

Near‐3‐MeV protons from target‐normal‐sheath‐acceleration femtosecond laser irradiating advanced targets

Advanced targets based on graphene oxide and gold thin film were irradiated at high laser intensity (10¹⁸–10¹⁹ W/cm²) with 50‐fs laser pulses and high contrast (10⁸) to investigate ion acceleration in the target‐normal‐sheath‐acceleration regime. Time‐of‐flight technique was employed with SiC semiconductor detectors and ion collectors in order to measure the ion kinetic energy and to control the properties of the generated plasma. It was found that, at the optimized laser focus position with respect to the target, maximum proton acceleration up to about 3 MeV energy and low angular divergence could be generated. The high proton energy is explained as due to the high electrical and thermal conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide structure. Dependence of the maximum proton energy on the target focal position and thickness is presented and discussed.     

Successive particle acceleration by use of two tightly focused ultra-short intense laser pulses

We suggest a scheme of electron acceleration by use of two tightly focused ultra-short intense laser pulses at a 100TW level. Electrons obtain a preliminary acceleration with a small angular spread by the longitudinal ponderomotive force of the first pulse. They are then injected and further accelerated to hundreds of MeV by the second laser pulse.     

Acceleration modules in linear induction accelerators

The Linear Induction Accelerator （LIA） is a unique type of accelerator that is capable of accelerating kilo-Ampere charged particle current to tens of MeV energy. The present development of LIA in MHz bursting mode and the successful application into a synchrotron have broadened LIA＇s usage scope. Although the transformer model is widely used to explain the acceleration mechanism of LIAs, it is not appropriate to consider the induction electric field as the field which accelerates charged particles for many modern LIAs. We have examined the transition of the magnetic cores＇ functions during the LIA acceleration modules＇ evolution, distinguished transformer type and transmission line type LIA acceleration modules, and re-considered several related issues based on transmission line type LIA acceleration module. This clarified understanding should help in the further development and design of LIA acceleration modules.