近距离激光外差探测光学极限位移分辨率

通过统计理论和维纳-辛钦定理推导出激光外差探测系统光电流的功率谱函数,分析了光电流谱线分布与激光光源线宽、中频信号频率以及信号光相对本振光传输延迟时间的关系,修正了相关文献中光电流功率谱的理论公式.根据信号与噪声理论建立了激光线宽引起的相位噪声的一维概率分布模型,并据此得到了基于激光波长、探测距离以及激光线宽的极限位移分辨率的数学模型.对光电流的功率谱和外差光学极限位移分辨率进行了相关的数值仿真,结果表明延迟时间与相干时间的关系决定光电流谱线分布的情况.当激光波长为532 nm,激光线宽在1 kHz,探测距离为100 m时,光学极限位移分辨率为0.266 nm,相关文献中的实验数据与理论推导结果相符合.     

激光波长对双色激光等离子体产生太赫兹波的影响

基于瞬态光电流模型研究了激光波长对双色激光等离子体产生太赫兹波的影响.通过理论计算证明:太赫兹信号随激光波长的增大而增强,其变化趋势不会因为双色激光强度、脉宽、相位差、强度比的变化而改变;太赫兹波的频谱不会因为激光波长的改变发生变化.分析了双色激光波长影响太赫兹辐射强度的原因,并利用自由电子密度和漂移电流密度阐明了该影响的内在物理机制.     

超长波GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器光电流谱特性研究

研究了响应波长在15μm附近的超长波GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器在不同外加偏压下的光电流谱特性.光电流谱上的两个主要由于阱宽随机涨落而呈现为高斯线形的响应峰被分别指认为量子阱基态E0到第一激发态E1和第三激发态E3的跃迁.跃迁峰随着器件上外加偏压的增大而出现线性红移现象，认为这种变化起源于激发态与基态对量子阱结构中势变化敏感性的不同，采用传输矩阵方法并考虑到电子交互作用修正进行的理论计算在定量上解释了实验结果. 关键词： 量子阱红外探测器 超长波 光电流 传输矩阵     

Anisotropy of photocurrent for two-photon absorption photodetector made of hemispherical silicon with $(\overline{1}10)$ plane

We fabricated a hemispherical nearly-intrinsic Si-based photodetector with ( plane. The photocurrent generated from the detector under a continuous wave laser at the wavelength of 1.3 μm was observed. The photocurrent shows a quadratic dependence on the incident optical power. The dependence of the photocurrent on the azimuth of the incident optical field is consistent with the anisotropy of the two-photon absorption in Si crystals. The ratio of the two nonzero independent components of the third-order susceptibility of silicon is obtained to be 0.42 from the observed result of the anisotropy of the photocurrent.     

Double-peaked decay of transient photovoltage in nanoporous ZnO/n-Si photodetector

In the present work,a nanoporous ZnO/n-Si structure has been proposed as a new type infrared photodetector.Triggered by one laser pulse with wavelength of 1064 nm,this structure exhibits a double-peak decay of transient photovoltage.Also,the time interval between these two peaks increases linearly with the increase of irradiated pulsed energy,indicating the promising application of this hetero-junction in photo-energy detection of infrared pulsed laser.A possible mechanism for this particular photoresponse has been discussed.     

Investigations of optically pumped submillimeter wave laser modes

A complete theory for waveguide laser modes for oversized metallic and dielectric waveguides with circular cross section has been developed for the submm wavelength region. The experimental investigations have been done by a submm heterodyne technique for the first stage using a Schottky barrier diode in an open structure mixer.     

激光外差光谱仪的仪器线型函数研究

激光外差是一种基于相干探测原理的高灵敏度光谱检测技术,因其同时具有很高的光谱分辨能力,被广泛应用于诸多研究领域.在光谱测量过程中,仪器线型函数对吸收谱线的平滑作用,会对气体浓度的反演结果产生影响.为了获取激光外差光谱仪的仪器线型函数,基于激光外差原理和信号处理过程,对影响仪器线型函数的射频滤波带宽和积分时间等参数进行了分析,获得了仪器线型函数表达式.利用自行建立的激光外差光谱仪,多次测量了3.53μm波段内水汽、甲烷的吸收谱线,分别将射频滤波频域响应函数和本文获得的仪器线型函数耦合进水汽、甲烷柱浓度的反演.结果表明,射频滤波带宽为30 MHz、积分时间分别为10 ms和100 ms时,光谱仪的实际分辨率分别约为0.005 cm~(-1)和0.025 cm~(-1);使用仪器线型函数对积分时间为100 ms时测量的数据进行反演,透过率残差平方和与甲烷吸收峰值处的残差分别减小16%和100%,提高了气体浓度反演的准确度.     

Thermal emission detection by laser heterodyne radiometry

A selective black body is considered as a self-emitting source and can be characterized by its remote thermal emission. This emission is detected at 10 μm wavelength by a laser heterodyne radiometer. Temperature, spectral, and spatial resolution conditions are given. The experimental set-up is fully described and signal-to-noise ratio measurements are presented.     

基于相位调制-解调的光纤激光相位噪声检测方法研究

在主动相位控制相干合成中,常用的光纤激光主动相位控制方法主要有外差法、多抖动法和随机并行梯度下降算法等. 基于多抖动法和外差法的原理,提出了一种新型的基于相位调制-解调的相位检测与控制方法. 该方法利用周期信号对参考光进行相位调制,将调制后的参考光与待检测信号光进行相干检测,通过对相干光强信号和相位调制信号的融合处理,实现相位噪声的检测和控制. 对该方法进行了数值模拟和实验研究. 实验结果表明,对于频率为2 kHz,噪声范围为[0,2π)的正弦噪声,相位检测精度优于λ/50,控制精度可达 关键词： 光纤激光 相干合成 相位噪声检测 调制-解调     

双波长绝对距离外差干涉仪的研究

提出了一种采用双纵模稳频激光器的新型绝对距离测量外差干涉仪。该干涉仪探测两个波长各自的外差信号, 通过测量两信号的相位差, 直接测量出合成波的小数级次。指出了两波长间的相互耦合对测量精度的影响, 提出了补偿方法, 在２５ ｍ 的测量范围取得了 １４０ μｍ 的测量精度。     

Circular photocurrent in Ag/Pd resistive films upon excitation by femtosecond laser pulses

This paper presents the results of the experimental investigation of the generation of nanosecond photocurrent pulses in silver–palladium (Ag/Pd) resistive films under excitation by laser pulses with a duration of 120 fs at a wavelength of 795 nm. The photocurrent was detected in the direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence of the laser beam on the film. The 20-μm-thick films under investigation were a porous polycrystalline material consisting predominantly of nanocrystallites of the palladium oxide PdO and the Ag–Pd solid solution. The direction of the photocurrent observed in the films depends on the sign of the circular polarization of the incident radiation. It was found that the observed photocurrent depends on the angle of incidence in accordance with the odd law and consists of the circular and linear contributions, which are dependent on and independent of the sign of the circular polarization, respectively. It was shown that the circular photocurrent is significantly higher than the linear photocurrent. It was established that, for both the circular and linear polarizations, the photocurrent is directly proportional to the power of the excitation radiation. For the linearly polarized laser radiation, the photocurrent depends on the polarization angle in accordance with the odd law. The regularities revealed are consistent with the mechanism of the generation of transverse photocurrent with the photon drag effect.     

1.55-mum and infrared-band photoresponsivity of a Schottky barrier porous silicon photodetector

We have investigated the spectral responsivity of porous silicon Schottky barrier photodetectors in the wavelength range 0.4-1.7 mum . The photodetectors show strong photoresponsivity in both the visible and the infrared bands, especially at 1.55 mum . The photocurrent can reach 1.8 mA at a reverse bias of 6 V under illumination by a 1.55-mum , 10-mW laser diode. The corresponding quantum efficiency is 14.4%.     

Two-color laser wavelength effect on intense terahertz generation in air

Near-IR femtosecond lasers have been proposed to produce high-field terahertz radiation in the air via the laser-plasma interaction, but the physical mechanism still needs to be further explored. In this work, we theoretically investigate the effect of the two-color laser wavelength on the terahertz generation in the air based on a transient photocurrent model.We show that the long wavelength laser excitation can greatly enhance the terahertz amplitude for a given total laser intensity. Furthermore, we utilize a local current model to illustrate the enhancement mechanism. Our analysis shows that the terahertz amplitude is determined by the superposition of contributions from individual ionization events, and for the long wavelength laser excitation, the electron production concentrates in a few ionization events and acquires the larger drift velocities, which results in the stronger terahertz radiation generation. These results will be very helpful for understanding the terahertz generation process and optimizing the terahertz output.     

全光纤双通道大气温室气体激光外差光谱探测技术研究

激光外差光谱技术是近年迅速发展的一种高光谱分辨率遥感探测技术,其装置具有体积小、光谱分辨率高等特点,适用于大气温室气体浓度的探测。各种观测实验已证明其是一种切实、有效的探测手段,在地球大气探测领域具有很大的应用前景和潜力。在现有激光外差光谱仪器的基础之上,提出了一种新型的仪器结构。采用光纤光开关对直射的太阳光进行调制与分束,实现利用单个光纤光开关进行两个波段激光外差信号的同时探测。为全光纤激光外差光谱仪的下一步系统集成和多波段激光外差光谱仪的构建提供了新方法。从激光外差探测的原理出发,分析了激光外差光谱探测技术的优势和关键参数,并结合自行研制的高精度太阳跟踪仪,搭建了一套近红外双通道全光纤式激光外差辐射计的原理样机。详细地阐述了激光外差辐射计原理样机中各功能模块的作用和参数,着重描述了光纤光开关在其中的作用原理和功能,详细地讨论了激光外差光谱仪的波长扫描模式和波长标定方法。在此基础上,讨论了激光外差辐射计的相关参数设置依据和仪器函数的测量方法,并给出了激光外差装置的仪器函数以及相应的光谱分辨率(0.004 4 cm-1)。利用搭建的激光外差光谱仪在合肥地区(31.9°N, 117.166°E)进行了实际的大气探测,同时在波段(6 056.2~6 058.1 cm-1)和(6 035.6~6 036.5 cm-1)分别获取了CH₄和CO₂分子的激光外差吸收信号,并对吸收信号进行了波长标定和归一化,得到了CH₄分子和CO₂分子的整层大气透过率谱,测量光谱信号的信噪比分别为197和209,同时也对分子吸收信号的光谱特征进行了分析。本文的测量实践表明光纤光开关可以用于激光外差光谱系统的结构优化,实现多通道多波段的激光外差光谱同时测量,拓展激光外差光谱仪在大气探测领域的应用。     

The photodetector of Ge nanocrystals/Si for 1.55 μm operation deposited by pulsed laser deposition

The photodetector properties of a Ge nanocrystals detector fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and in situ rapid thermal annealing treatment at 600 °C have been studied. Strong optical absorption and photocurrent response of the detector are measured in the wavelength range 1.3-1.55 μm. The detector possesses a low dark current of 61.4 nA and a photocurrent responsivity of 56 mA/W at the reverse bias 5 V. The external quantum efficiency at 1.55 μm is estimated to be 15%. The stop wavelength of absorption spectra extends to 1.65 μm. It indicates that these kind of Ge nanocrystals devices can be used as a 1.3-1.55 μm near infrared detector.     

Detection of thermal emission from atmospheric gases by laser heterodyne radiometry

A gaseous component is considered as a self emitting source that can be detected and characterized remotely by its thermal emission spectrum. The required spectrum analyser should have an appropriately narrow bandwidth. For an atmospheric component, with isolated absorption lines, the linewidths are about 0.1 cm⁻¹ or 3 GHz under standard conditions. This leads to the need for a high resolution radiometer. A laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR) has been used to detect the emission of two components (C₂H₄ and NH₃) at 10 μm wavelength under atmospheric pressure.     

Frequency stabilization of blue extended cavity diode lasers by external cavity optical feedback

Optical feedback from a high-finesse V-resonator, developed for this study, results in efficient coupling with an extended cavity diode laser, stabilizing its emission frequency and strongly decreasing the laser linewidth. This in turn enhances resonator output power, thus increasing the signal-to-noise ratio when used for the detection of gas phase species by absorption spectroscopy. This effect was directly measured by heterodyning two extended cavity diode lasers at a wavelength of 409 nm with and without the influence of optical feedback from a high-finesse V-resonator. The heterodyne signal of freely running lasers is composed of a set of sharp peaks whose envelope shows a width on the order of 4.5 MHz at a sweep rate of 80 MHz/0.8 s, leading to a laser linewidth of 3 MHz. Optical feedback from the high-finesse V-resonator reduces the heterodyne signal to a single peak with a mean width of 10 kHz, leading to a laser linewidth of 7 kHz. This is the lowest value of linewidth, reported thus far, for diode lasers operating in this wavelength region.     

Principles and performance of an electron spin echo spectrometer using far infrared lasers as excitation sources

We have built an electron spin echo spectrometer operating at 604 GHz, extending the frequency limit of existing spectrometers by more than a factor of 4. In order to handle this high frequency we have used optical techniques, i.e., molecular gas lasers for the excitation pulses and far infrared techniques for the heterodyne detection system. The different components of the spectrometer are described in detail and first experimental results are given.     

单壁碳纳米管薄膜光电器件研究

制备了单壁碳纳米管薄膜光电器件,在偏压和激光器照射条件下可产生净光电流。分别研究了偏置电压、激光功率、照射位置对净光电流的影响。实验表明,激光照射薄膜中点,净光电流随着偏压的增大而增大,随激光功率的增大而趋于饱和,偏压为0.2 V,激光功率为22.7 mW时,净光电流达到0.24 μA;无偏压,激光照射薄膜不同位置时,净光电流值关于器件中心对称分布,照射两端点输出最大光电流,照射中点输出趋于“0”。经分析,在偏压和激光照射薄膜中心位置的条件下,器件因内光电效应可产生净光电流;在无偏压和激光照射的条件下,因光热电效应可产生净光电流,并建立了温度模型,根据单壁碳纳米管的热电势特性推导出了净光电流与光照位置的关系,其符合实验结果;内光电和光热电效应是光电流产生、变化的原因,在偏压和激光照射的一般条件下,净光电流应是两种效应的叠加结果。器件所具有的光电特性使其在光伏器件、光传感器有应用的潜力。     

Wavelength-Tunable Laser-Diode Interferometer

Laser diodes (LDs) have been applied to a phase-measuring interferometer through the wavelength tunability of LDs by controlling their currents. Laser-diode interferometers based on a heterodyne technique are reviewed. A two-wavelength laser-diode interferometer is demonstrated with current control of dual LDs in opposite directions. A synthetic wavelength makes it possible to extend the range of interferometric measurements. The wavelength is controlled by the laser injection current and is stepwise or rampwise changed to introduce a time-varying phase difference between the two beams of an interferometer with unbalanced optical path lengths. The optical output is demodulated with a phase-extraction algorithm. Systematic phase errors caused by the LD-power variation and by the difference between the beat frequency and ramp frequency are analyzed. A feedback interferometer with electronics is used to eliminate the phase error by locking the interferometer on a preset phase. Typical experimental results are shown.