Preparation and characterization of a novel fluorinated acrylate resin

The novel fluorinated acrylate resin was successfully prepared by solution polymerization of 2-(perfluoro-(1,1-bis-isopropyl)-2-propenyl)oxyethyl methacrylate (POMA) with butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA) initiated by AIBN in the co-solvents of ethyl acetate, butyl alcohol and toluene. POMA was synthesized from the intermediate perfluoro nonene and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as the staring reactants. Films of the novel fluorinated acrylate resin were prepared by coating the resin directly on the clean glass sheet and allowed to dry at room temperature. The characteristics of the film such as hydrophobicity, glass transition temperature and thermal stability were characterized with the contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis respectively. The structure of the novel fluorinated acrylate resin was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. The influences of the fluorine content on the performance of the acrylate resin were studied. Results show that the hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the acrylate resin are improved when the fluorinated monomer is introduced to copolymerize with other monomers. However, the hydrophobicity of the fluorinated acrylate resin is improved slightly via annealing.     

离子交换树脂固态胺复合材料的制备、表征及CO2吸附

以离子交换树脂（D001）为载体,四乙烯五胺（TEPA）为改性剂,采用三种不同的方法制备了一系列固态胺吸附剂。采用N₂吸附-脱附、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重分析（TGA）等手段对吸附剂进行表征。在固定床反应器中考察了TEPA负载量、吸附温度、进气流量和CO₂分压等因素对CO₂吸附性能的影响。结果表明,配位法制得的固态胺吸附剂分散性和稳定性较好,且在TEPA负载量为40%,吸附温度为65℃,进气流量为40 mL/min时有最大CO₂吸附量达4 mmol/g。经过10次吸附-脱附循环实验后,CO₂吸附量下降3.98%。热力学、动力学研究结果表明,CO₂吸附是物理吸附和化学吸附的结果。     

Design, synthesis and characterization of a novel pH-sensitive hydrogel

A novel degradable pH-sensitive hydrogel with pendent carboxyl groups was designed and synthesized from ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride （EDTAh） and butanediamine （BDA） with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide （DCC） as a condensating agent and BDA as a crosslinking agent. The obtained polymers were characterized by ^13C NMR, ^1H NMR and FTIR. The swelling experiments of the hydrogel in pH 3, 7, and 12 media indicated much higher swelling ratio in pH 12 media than in pH 3 and pH 7 media, exhibiting sound pH sensitivity. The pH sensitivity of this type of hydrogel may be regulated through controlling the type and the dose of the crosslinking agent.     

Preparation and application of a novel magnetic anion exchange resin for selective nitrate removal

正A novel magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was prepared through suspension polymerization and then functionalized with ammonolysis and alkylating agents.Its application for selective removal of nitrate was performed in comparison with MIEX~.The results demonstrated that NDM-1 achieved higher efficiency in nitrate removal than MIEX~ did,with or without the existence of competing anion SO_4~(2-) ascribed to its longer alkyl chains on exchange sites.Combined with the advantage of easy separation due toγ-Fe_2O_3 implanted,the magnetic anion exchange resin NDM-1 was considered to be superior to MIEX~ for nitrate removal in practical application.     

Preparation and characterization of novel cyanate ester/epoxy resin microspheres

A novel kind of cyanate ester (CE)/epoxy resin microspheres have been synthesized using the polymerization technology of cyanate ester and epoxy resin in anhydrous ethanol media; surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as an emulsifier, and imidazole was used as catalyst or curing agent. The morphologies, chemical structures, and thermal properties of microspheres were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy, optical microscope, differential scanning calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The effects of process parameters such as the amount of imidazole and the weight ratio of epoxy resin to CE on the size and morphology of microsphere were discussed. Results indicate that the reactivity and surface morphology of microsphere can be adjusted by the amount of imidazole and the weight ratio of epoxy resin to CE. The prepared microsphere shows excellent thermal stability and good reactivity.     

Preparation of ion exchange resin based elemental standards for use in activation analysis

Various methods of preparing standards for activation analysis have been reported in the literature. This paper describes the feasibility of preparing ion exchange resin based standards containing predetermined levels of ions. Using a solution of known initial concentration of the ion, and given the value of its distribution coefficient, it is possible to predict the resin concentration that will be obtained. Resins containing ppm levels of copper and manganese have been prepared and their stabilities evaluated over a period of time. The feasibility of preparing a multielement standard has been studied with five rare earth elements (La, Ce, Sm, Eu and Dy).     

Preparation and characterization of nano-ZnO flakes prepared by reactive ion exchange method

Nano-ZnO flakes were synthesized by calcination of the precursor of Zn(OH)₂ obtained via the reactive ion exchange method between an ion exchange resin and ZnSO₄ solution at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope, UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectrum and Na₂EDTA titration were used to characterize the structure features and chemical compositions of the as-prepared ZnO. The results show that the as-prepared ZnO flakes have uniform structure and high purity. Heat capacities in the temperature range of 83 to 396 K were measured. The measured heat capacities values were compared with those of coarse crystal powders and the difference between this two heat capacity curves was analyzed.     

Preparation and characterization of temperature- and pH-sensitive hemicellulose-containing hydrogels

In this work, a hemicellulose-containing hydrogel was synthesized. As the first step, a temperature- and pH-sensitive copolymer was synthesized from itaconic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). Then the hydrogel was prepared by reacting the copolymer with acylated hemicellulose and polyvinyl alcohol. The morphology, compressive strength, thermal stability, swelling/deswelling behavior, drug-release behavior performances of the hydrogels were investigated. The lower critical solution temperature of the hydrogels varied in 34–44°C when the NIPAAm and itaconic acid mass ratios ranged in 100/0–90/10. Both temperature and pH had a significant influence on equilibrium swelling ratio of hydrogels. The equilibrium swelling ratio increased with pH, but decreased with temperature. Cytocompatibility assay demonstrated that this hemicellulose-containing hydrogel was biocompatible. The release process of salicylic acid suggested that this hydrogel had a potential use in controlled drug release.     

The investigation of the pharmacokinetics of pulsatile-release salbutamol sulfate with pH-sensitive ion exchange resin as the carriers in beagle dogs

We previously reported the preparation of the salbutamol sulfate pulsatile-release capsules with the pH-sensitive ion exchange resin as the carriers. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of the salbutamol sulfate pulsatile-release capsules in beagle dogs. The analysis method was established for the drugs in vivo by HPLC method. The pharmacokinetics parameters of pulsatile-release salbutamol sulfate and reference tablet were AUC(0-24) (ng.h/ml) 1031.8+/-123.1, 1112.6+/-118.24, Cmax (ng/ml) 172.4+/-21.4, 179.3+/-26.1, Tmax (h) 3.8+/-0.6, 1.5+/-0.5, Tlag (h) 2.7+/-0.5, 0.3+/-0.2. The results showed that the test dosage forms was bioequivalent with reference dosage form, and had an obviously pulsatile-release effect.     

Preparation of a novel polystyrene-based urea resin

A urea-functionalized polystyrene-resin with a Rink linker was prepared by adaptation of a solution-phase synthesis to solid-phase chemistry. Thereby, a resin-bound acylurea was formed by reacting a Rink-amide resin with trichloroacetyl isocyanate, followed by the thermal removal of the trichloroacetyl group and thus generating the unsubstituted solid-supported urea.     

树脂交换法制备白炭黑溶胶

用白炭黑溶胶作造纸工业的添加剂,可以改进纸的滞留性和脱水性,将带有阴离子的白炭黑溶胶与一些阳离子聚合物一起使用,效果更佳。在造纸工业中添加的白炭黑溶胶粒径应在4～7nm,比表面为700～300m^2／g,稳定性好,传统方法制备的白炭黑溶胶难于达到此要求。本文对用树脂交换法制备白炭黑溶胶的条件、影响因素、最佳工艺进行了探讨。     

Thermodynamic study of ion exchange reaction to predict ionic selectivity using ion exchange resin Indion-850

The thermodynamic study was carried out to predict the selectivity behaviour of ion exchange resin Indion-850 towaed various inorganic anions like chloride, iodide, sulfate, and oxalate. The equilibrium constant K _std values for the ion exchange reactions were calculated at different temperatures from which the enthalpy values where obtained. The K _std values were observed to increase with the rise in temperature, indicating endothermic ion exchange reactions. The thermodynamic data obtained here reveal that iodide ions were more strongly retained on the resin surface compared to chloride ions. Also the low enthalpy and high equilibrium constant values for oxalate ions indicate the greater selectivity of ion exchange resin for oxalate ions as compared to sulfate ions.     

Thermal behavior of typical weak basic ion exchange resin

Thermal behaviors of typical weak basic ion exchange resins (301 and 315) were studied with thermogravimetry, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in this study. Results indicated that there were three stages for 301 resin mass loss, the first stage and the second stage were mainly related to the decomposition of functional group, and the third stage was the decomposition of main chain. Whereas there were two stages for 315 resin mass loss, the first stage was elimination of moisture, and the second stage was the decompositions of functional group and main chain. Moreover, the decomposition of tertiary amine had three stages, the polyamine was a continuous mass loss process, and the thermostability of tertiary amine was weaker than that of polyamine.     

Local structure around chloride ion in anion exchange resin

Neutron diffraction measurements on 35Cl/37Cl isotopically substituted anion exchange resins were carried out in order to obtain direct information on the local structure around the chloride ion absorbed in the resin. Structural parameters concerning the first nearest-neighbor interaction of chloride ions were determined through a least-squares fitting procedure of the observed first-order difference function, DeltaCl(Q). It has been revealed that the chloride ion is neighboring an ion exchange group (-CH2(CH3)3N+) with a Cl-...N distance of 3.10(3) A, and simultaneously bonded with 2.4(1) D2O molecules with a Cl-...D distance of 2.25(2) A. The second and third nearest water molecules around Cl- have also been observed. These results indicate that the direct ionic interaction between Cl- and -CH2(CH3)3N+ drastically reduces the number of first-neighbor water molecules around Cl- but enhances the long-distance structuring of the remaining water molecules in the environment surrounded by a hydrophobic polymer matrix.     

Preparation and characterization of poly (acrylic acid-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) as amphoteric exchange resin and its adsorption properties

Poly (acrylic acid-dimethylaminoethylmethacylate) resin was prepared by copolymerization technique. Gamma irradiation as initiator was used for the polymerization process. Obtained polymeric resin is an amphoteric ion exchange resin in which a quaternary ammonium group and a carboxyl group are incorporated on a cross-linked polymer frame. The physicochemical properties of obtained polymeric resin were determined using inductively coupled plasma (ICP), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), TGA-DTA, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Ion-exchange capacity (IEC), thermal stability, distribution behavior, etc. were also carried out to understand the adsorption behavior of the material. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The kinetic models’ data with zinc ions were studied.     

Explosion hazards of ion exchange resin mixed with perchloric acid

On January 21, 2003, an explosion occurred while ion exchange resin (IER) was being used to separate impurities from uranium solution. To clarify the cause of the accident and go/no-go criteria of the explosion, elemental analysis of the IER, DSC analysis, and SIKAREX analysis (a screening tool for runaway reactions) were performed. Finally, experiments on the same scale as the accident were conducted in an explosion chamber. When HClO₄ was added to IER-NO₃, the IER violently exploded without any heating nor metal ions such as uranium. It was confirmed that the accident was caused by an incorrect procedure in the chemical process. From the standpoint of explosion safety, IER-NO₃ in particular should be kept away from perchloric acid in the laboratory.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel multifunctional epoxy resin

A novel multifunctional epoxy resin was synthesized by polyphenol and epichlorohydrin.The structure and molecular weight ofthe multifunctional epoxy were characterized by FTIR and ESI-MS.DSC and DMTA were used to investigate the thermal propertyof multifunctional epoxy cured by DDS.The thermal resistance of the synthesized multifunctional epoxy was much better than astandard diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy.     

阴离子交换树脂支载氟阴离子试剂催化Knoevenagel反应

在无水乙醇中，阴离子交换树脂载支载氟阴离子试剂能顺利地催化芳醛与丙二 氰和氰基乙酸乙酯进行Knoevenagel缩合反应，以良好产率生成相应E式烯烃。     

Preparation and characterization of nickel hexacyanoferrate films for the removal of cesium ion by electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX)

The method of electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) involves the sequential application of reduction and oxidation potentials to an ion exchange film to induce the respective loading and unloading of Cs⁺. In this study, four films of nickel hexacyanoferrate were prepared on nickel electrodes with different preparation procedures. Films were characterized by SEM/EDX. Each film shows a different performance with regard to Cs⁺ separation. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the modified film surfaces. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the ion exchange capacity and stability. The four films show a better capacity for Cs⁺ separation compared to previous methods for the deposition of ESIX films. An optimal nickel hexacyanoferrate film was generated when using an applied potential of 0.2 V relative to a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) to generate the nucleation sites, followed by a 1.3 V vs. SCE potential during the growth stage of the film. This film demonstrated the highest film capacity for ion exchange initially (17.3 × 10^?3 C cm^?2) and again after 1000 cycles (11.1 × 10^?3 C cm^?2).