The Book Corner

Abstract

Modern NMR Techniques and Their Applications in Chemistry, Edited by A. I. Popov and K. Hallenga, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY 10016, 1991, 680 pp. Price: $135.00; $162.00 outside USA and Canada.

Chromatographic Analysis of Alkaloids, M. Popl, J. Fahnrich and V. Tatar, Chromatographic Science Series, Volume 53, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY 10016, 1990, 664 pp. Price: $1 50.00; $180.00 outside USA and Canada.

Luminescence Techniques in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis, Edited by W. R. G. Baeyens, D. DeKeukeleire and K. Korkidis, Practical Spectroscopy Series, Volume #12, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 654 pages, 1991. Price: $1 50.00 (USA and Canada); $1 80.00 (all other countries).

Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry, Edited by D.N.6. Hon and N. Shiraishi, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1020 pages, 1990. Price: $195.00 (USA and Canada); $234.00 (all other countries).     

The Book Corner

Abstract

CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICALS, John A. Adamovics, Editor, Volume 49, Chromatographic Science Series, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1990. Price – 16125.00 (USA and Canada), $150.00 (all other countries).

PACKINGS AND STATIONARY PHASES IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES, Klaus K. Unger, Editor, Volume 47, Chromatographic Licience Series, Marcel1 Dekker, Inc., New York. Price – $150.00 (USA and Canada), $180.00 (all other countries).

DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING AND BIOSEPARATION. RECOVERY AND PURIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, J.-F. P. Hammel, J. B. Hunter, S. K. Slkdar, eds, ACS Symposlum Serles No. 419, AmerIcan Chemlcal Soclety, Washlngton, 1990. Price, US$69.95, 311 pp.     

The Book Corner

Abstract

Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Techniques and Applications, A. L. Yergey, C. G. Edmonds, I. A. S. Lewis, and M. L. Vestal, Modern Analytical Chemistry Series, D. Hercules, Editor, 306 pages, Plenum Press, New York and London, 1989. $65.00; price 20% higher outside USA and Canada.

Analytical Microbiology Methods, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, A. Fox, S. L. Morgan, L. Larsson and G. Odham, Editors, Plenum Press, New York and London, 1920, 280 pages. $65.00; prices 20% higher outside USA and Canada.

Ion Chromatography, H. Small, Modern Analytical Chemistry Series, D. Hercules, Editor, Plenum Press, New York and London, 1990, 376 pages. $49.50; prices 20% higher outside USA and Canada.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

Neure Methoden zur Analyse von Tensiden, H. Konig, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York. 25Abb., VII, 239 pages. 1971, DM 58.00. ISBN 3-540-05581-9. Reviewed by T. Rihs, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Apartado 340, Quito, Ecuador.

P. P. FIETZEK und K. KUHN, H. CLEVER, H. KRECH, W. MARKS, F. OEHME: “Automation in Analytical Chemistry” 32 Abb., 103 Seiten, 1972, DM 28, -, U.S. $8.90. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York. ISBN 3-540-05758-7. Begutachtet von S. Wolf, Hoffman-La Roche, Basle, Switzerland.     

The Book Corner

Abstract

HPLC IN Clinical Chemistry, Edited by I. N. Papdoyannis, Chromatographic Science Series, Volume 54, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 488 pp. 1990. Price: $115.00 (USA & Canada); $138.00 (all other countries).     

Books Section

Abstract

Colombo, A.G. (1992). Environmental Impact Assessment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 334 + xii pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 0-7923-1589-8, Dfl180.00; £61.00.

Martin, G. and Laffort, P. (1991). Odeurs et Désodorisation dans l'Environnement. (Odors and Desodorisation in the Environment). TEC & DOC – Lavoisier, Paris. p. 452 + xxiv pp., Hardcover, In French, ISBN: 2-85206-605-X, FF 565.00.

Yalkowsky, S. H. and Banerjee, S. (1992). Aqueous Solubility: Methods of Estimation for Organic Compounds. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. p. 264 + vi pp., Hardcover, ISBN: 0-8247-8615-7, US$99.75 (U.S. and Canada) US$114.50 (all other countries).     

The Book Corner

Abstract

PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES, Joseph C. Touchstone, Editor, Volume 108 in the Chemical Analysis Series, John Wiley- and Sons, Inc., New York, 1990. Price $59.95.

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY: APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL, PHARMACEUTICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY, Mark A. Brown, Editor, ACS Symposium Series Volume 420, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1990. Price – $71.95.

ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY, J.C. Giddings, E. Grushka, and P.R. Brown, Editors, Biotechnological Applications and Methods (Volume 29), Selectivity and Retention in Chromatography (Volume 30), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1989. Price – $125.00 each (USA and Canada) and $150.00 each (all other countries).     

高分辨质谱技术在农药残留检测中的应用

农药残留检测是农产品中有害物质控制的重要组成部分,随着农药残留限量标准体系的发展完善,农药残留检测方法也在不断进步。近年来质谱技术发展迅速,已被广泛应用于农药残留检测领域,高分辨质谱由于具有较高的分辨率和质量精确度,在复杂基质的农药多残留高通量检测中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文从高分辨质谱与液相色谱、气相色谱及其他分离模式联用等方面出发,简述了近5年来高分辨质谱在农药残留检测中的应用,对目前高分辨质谱在农药残留检测应用中发现的问题进行了讨论,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。     

HPLC Column Switching,a Step Toward the Automation of Sample Cleanup

Abstract

There exists a growing demand for data to meet the pesticide regulation acts and to monitor residues in food and in the environment. Speed and low running cost are very desirable properties of methods used to screen crops or commodities for pesticide residues, therefore evaluation of ways are necessary to carry out the analyses more rapidly and cost-effective. A today status of pesticide residue analysis is given. Weak points of the standard residue analytical procedures are shown. Trace enrichment and multidimensional liquid chromatography are the key-points which are prerequisites to scale down the sample size for the cleanup procedure. Reduction in scale on one hand and transfer of the individual cleanup steps, e.g. filtration, liquid-liquid partitioning, concentration, adsorption chromatography onto mini-columns or cartridges on the other hand, opens the potential to mechanize or automate the prechromatographic sample treatment.

Combination of all these different measures will reduce time and cost without the necessity to invest into expensive apparatus.     

Herstellung und Beständigkeit im aromatischen Kern substituierter 1.3-Benzodioxane

Zusammenfassung Es werden 1.3-Benzodioxanderivate hergestellt, die in 6-Stellung Alkoxycarbonyl- oder Carboxylgruppen, einige außerdem in der 8-Stellung Chlor, Brom oder eine Benzylgruppe enthalten. Bei der Hydrolyse der halogensubstituierten Benzodioxane mit konz. Salzsäure werden Dihydroxydiphenylmethanderivate erhalten.

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Preparation and stability of 1.3-benzodioxanes substituted in the benzene ring

Derivatives of 1.3-benzodioxane are prepared with alkoxycarbonyl or carboxyl groups in position 6 and to some extent with chlorine, bromine or a benzyl group in position 8. The hydrolysis by conc. hydrogen chloride of the substances substituted with halogen gives derivatives of dihydroxydiphenylmethane.

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Benzodioxane in: Heterocyclic compounds, Vol. 6, p. 59 (R. C. Elderfield, ed.), New York: Wiley. 1957.     

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Soil by MMSPD-GC-NPD and Confirmation by GC-MS

A novel method, modified matrix solid-phase dispersion (MMSPD), has been developed for quantitative analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues in soil. It was based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and continuous liquid-solid extraction (continuous LSE), using Florisil as sorbent and dichloromethane as the recycling solvent. Two soils with different texture and physicochemical properties were studied to validate the method. The effect of residence time of pesticides in soil was also studied. MMSPD was compared with MSPD and continuous LSE respectively. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). The method gave recoveries ranging from 72–105% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) lower than 15% for the pesticides studied. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 ng g⁻¹. Two pesticide residues have been detected in real soil samples from Fujian, China, using MMSPD. The pesticides were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in a selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Revised: 4 and 9 April 2006     

Determining multi‐pesticide residues in teas by dispersive solid‐phase extraction combined with speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction followed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

In this study, an effective speed‐regulated directly suspended droplet microextraction method was developed to condense pesticide residues from teas through dispersive solid‐phase extraction prior to analysis by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extractant was intentionally dispersed into the sample solution in the form of globules through high‐speed agitation. This procedure increases the contact area between the binary phases and shortens the distribution equilibrium time. The fine globules reassembled by decelerating stirring speed, the extractant could be taken out for gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Recovery studies were performed under optimized extraction conditions by using matrix blanks fortified with pesticides at three concentrations (10, 50, and 100 µg/kg). Over 87% of the recoveries for the analytes in four tea matrices were acceptable given their recovery ranges of 70–120% and relative standard deviations of ≤20%. The limits of quantification of most pesticides were lower than 10 µg/kg and thus satisfied the requirements for maximum residue levels prescribed by the European Community. A total of 38 tea samples from local markets were analyzed by using the proposed method. Results showed that chlorpyrifos was the most frequently detected pesticide in teas. The method is a potential choice for the routine monitoring of pesticide residues in complex matrices.     

Book Reviews

Abstract

HANDBOOK FOR ESTIMATING PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, by M. Reinhard and A. Drefal, 228 pages, J. Wiley, New York (1999). ISBN 0—471—172634. UK £ 210.00

THE CHEMISTRY OF POLLUTION, by G. Fellenberg, 192 pp. J. Wiley & Sons, Chichester, U.K. (1999). ISBN 0—471—980889. UK£ 24,95.

NATURAL ATTENUATION OF FUELS AND CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN THE SUBSURFACE, by T.H. Wiedemeier, H.S. Rifai, C.J. Newell and J.T. Wilson, 617 pages, J. Wiley, New York (1999). ISBN 0—471—19749—1. UK £ 58.50

UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT, 3^rd, edition, edited by R.M. Harrison, 445 pages, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (UK) (1999). ISBN 0—85404—584—8. UK£ 19.95

ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS, Vol. 12 of Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, edited by R.E. Hester and R.H. Harrison, 152 pages, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (U.K.) (1999). ISBN 0—85404—255—5. UK£ 25,00

METHOD PERFORMANCE STUDIES FOR SPECIATION ANALYSIS. by P. Quevauviller, 271 pages, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (U.K.) (1998). ISBN 0—85404—467—1. UK£ 59.50

GLOBAL AQUATIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT, by H.D. Kumar and D.P. Häder, 393 pages, Springer, Berlin (1999). ISBN 3—540—65369—4. USD 229.00

BIOACCUMULATION. New Aspects and Developments, edited by B. Beek, 284 pages, Springer, Heidelberg, 2000. ISBN 3—540—62575. USD 143.00

INTERLABORATORY STUDIES AND CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS. The BCR approach, by Ph. Quevauviller and E.A. Maier, 558 pages, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam NL, (1999). ISBN 0—444—82389—1. USD 251.50 (Euro 224.62).     

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides with hydrolyzable functionality in cooked vegetables by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

It would be preferable for pesticide residues substituted by hydrolyzable functionality to be analyzed after cooking because their structures are apt to degrade during boiling and/or heating. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method for the quantitative determination of 44 pesticide residues with hydrolyzable functional group in five typical vegetable widely consumed in Republic of Korea is described. The sample clean‐up was carried out according to the method of Food Code No. 83 established by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Zorbox XDB‐C₁₈ column was selected for the analysis because of the best peak separation. The LC mobile phase consisted of water and 5 mm methanolic ammonium formate, which resulted in a peak shape with good symmetry at each run. Tandem mass spectroscopic (MS/MS) experiments were performed in ESI positive mode and the multiple reaction monitoring modes. A conventional matrix effect was modified to more comprehensive form 100γ_ij (%). A high matrix effect (相似文献   

Evaluation of the Fate of Aldicarb and Its Metabolites in Oranges

Abstract

The accumulation, persistence and fate of systemic pesticide aldicarb was melencholy evaluated in orange crops. The concentration of this pesticide and its two toxic metabolites, aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone was determined in leaves, rind and pulp of three orange varieties (Satsuma, Navelina and Clemetina de Nules) and in the top soil of the orange groves. The groves were located in two different places in the Valencia Community (Spain). The analysis showed that the aldicarb concentration was lower than those of aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone. In all cases, the residues persisted at least 160 days in vegetable samples and between 157 and 227 days in soil samples. Residue concentrations measured in the soil samples were highly variable but a relation with the organic matter content can be observed. The residue levels found in vegetal products were higher in leaves than in rind, and in rind than in pulp. The maximum residue values were obtained between 47 and 70 days after the application. One hundred days after treatment (Security period) the residue levels of total fruit were lower than the maximum residue level of 0.2 mg/kg established by law.     

Synthesis,properties, and interaction with paraquat of new fluorenonocrownophanes containing a hydroquinone fragment

New crownophane family was synthesized containing fragments of 2,7-dioxyfluorenone and hydroquinone connected with residues of tri- and tetraethylene glycols. The formation of inclusion complexes of these ligands with paraquat was established by means of mass spectrometry (fast-atom bombardment), ¹H NMR and electronic spectroscopy. The crownophane with a larger ring formed the more stable complex.

     

Book Reviews

Ion-Selective Electrodes in Analytical Chemistry, VOL. 2, H. Freiser (ed.), Plenum Press, New York, 1980.

Pesticide Analytical Methodology by John Harvey, Jr. (E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company) and Gunter Zweig (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), ACS Symposium Series 136, 406 pages (including 177 figures, 54 tables and an index of 18 pages), linen, format 235 × 160mm, ISBN 0-8412-0581-7, American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036, 1980, US38.00.

Particulates in Water, Characterization, Fate, Effects, and Removal by Michael C. Kavanaugh (James M. Montgomery, Consulting Engineers, Inc., Pasadena) and James O. Leckie (Stanford University, Stanford) ACS Advances in Chemistry Series 189, 401 pages (including 145 figures, 56 tables and an index of 11 pages), linen, format 235 × 160mm, ISBN 0-8412-0499-3, American Chemical Society, 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036, 1980, USS59.50.

Pesticide Manufacturing and Toxic Materials Control Encyclopedia Editor, M. Sittig; 810 pages, $96; 1980, Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A. ISBN 0-8155-0814-X. Reviewed by A. de Kok, Section of Environmental Chemistry, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Dictionary of Chemical Terminology (In Five Languages–English, German, French, Polish and Russian. Edited by D. Kryt, Warsaw, Poland). Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam and New York. 1980, 612 pages, Price: US $95.00/Dfl. 195.00 ISSBN 0-444-99788-1.     

Determination of herbicide residues in soil in the presence of persistent organochlorine insecticides

Summary A rapid and reproducible gas-chromatographic method has been developed for determination of residues in soil of some widely used herbicides such as trifluralin, metribuzin, alachlor, acetochlor, metolachlor, pendimethalin, simazine, atrazine, prometryne, in the presence of persistent organochlorine insecticides (p,p-DDT, o,p-DDT, p,p-DDE, alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH, heptachlor). Determination of some herbicides by GC/ECD is difficult since their relative retention times on packed columns usually used for pesticide analysis are equal or close to those of some persistent organochlorine insecticides which can still be found almost everywhere, especially in cultivated soils. A 1.8 m column of 3% OV-225 + 5% SE-52 in a ratio of 1.4:0.9 gave good separation of all herbicides and insecticides mentioned. The influence of 6 solvents and solvent systems applied most frequently for soil extraction of pesticide residues on recovery of the compounds under study was examined. Acetonitrile was the most suitable extractant as it rendered highest residue recoveries and minimal amount of co-extractives. Residues of simazine, atrazine, and prometryne were determined in the same extracts by the use of NP-detector and a column of 5% Carbowax 20M. Recoveries of the compounds under study were in the interval of 86–103% without cleanup and 78–94% when cleanup was carriet out. The method can be used in pesticide monitoring of soil as it offers an opportunity for rapid determination of soil applied herbicides and persistent organochlorine insecticides which are some of the most common pollutants in cultivated soils.     

Representative commodity for five brassica vegetables based on the determination and dissipation of six pesticide residues

A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe method for determination of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin in five brassica vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-electron capture detector has been developed. The average recoveries of six pesticides in five brassica vegetables were in the range of 77.4%–117.4% with relative standard deviation of 3.7–10.8%. Residues of thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin in five brassica vegetables were studied with the developed method for the classification of crop group and selection of representative commodity of five brassica vegetables. Totally 48 open field trials on five brassica vegetables were conducted at two locations in two different seasons. The residue dynamics and final residues of the six pesticides at three preharvest intervals in different vegetables were compared. All six pesticides had the longest half-lives in cabbage (2.1–3.5 days). Residues of carbendazim (sum of thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim), metalaxyl, chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin had similar trend in different brassica vegetables. The maximal concentrations of these pesticide residues were found in kale (0.28–10.9 mg kg^?1). Fluazifop-P-butyl residues were at low levels in all five brassica vegetables (<0.01–0.03 mg kg^?1). Cabbage, red cabbage, Brussels sprouts and kohlrabi had no significant difference in all six pesticide residues and could be classified in a subgroup of Head Brassicas. Cabbage should be selected as the representative commodity. Considering the highest residues in kale and its different morphology, kale should not be classified into the subgroup of Head Brassicas.