基体辅助激光解吸/电离质谱测定小相对分子质量物质的方法进展

MALD I-MS分析具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、高质量准确度、制样快速、操作简单及高通量等优点,具有使各种不同类型物质离子化的能力。目前已广泛应用于化学、化工、材料、环境、地质、能源、刑侦、药物、生命科学等领域中。MALD I-MS最早主要用于分析各种生物大分子及聚合物。近年     

同位素质谱和无机质谱

本文是《分析试验室》定期评述中“同位素质谱和无机质谱”的第四篇评述，评述的范围是１９９４年１１月至１９９６年１０月我国气体同位素质谱，热电离同位素质谱，加速器质谱，火花源质谱，电感耦合等离子体质谱，辉光放电质谱，同位素稀释质谱，二次离子质谱，激光共振电离子飞行时间质谱，电子探针，质子探针，激光探针和它们在地学，核科学，环境科学，材料学，计理学，医学和生命科学中的应用，引用文献１４９篇。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定烟草中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量

用乙腈对烟末样品进行提取,提取液经乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷吸附剂净化后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,在20min内完成了40种有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的定量分析。40种农药的平均回收率为72%～113%,相对标准偏差为1.2%～13%,检出限为0.49～19.7μg/kg。该方法的回收率、重复性及检出限均能满足烟草农药残留分析的要求。     

ZnO、CuO和NiO纳米颗粒在基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱分析小分子化合物中的应用

考察了过渡金属氧化物ZnO纳米颗粒直接作为无机基质,应用于基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱( MALDI-TOF-MS)法分析糖类、硬脂酸小分子物质的效果;同时以L-精氨酸为目标分析物,初步探讨了CuO和NiO两种纳米颗粒直接作为无机基质,对L-精氨酸选择性离子化的可行性。实验中,将待分析物与纳米颗粒悬浮液直接混合于样品板上,自然蒸干溶剂形成结晶状,采用337 nm波长的紫外激光辐照激发,在反射模式的TOF-MS条件下检测分析。结果表明, ZnO纳米颗粒作为一种半导体材料,具有较强的紫外吸收,可直接作为无机基质,能够避免使用传统基质带来的干扰,简化质谱图,尤其在负离子模式下能够提高硬脂酸离子化的峰强度。此外,通过比较CuO和NiO纳米颗粒对于L-精氨酸分析检测结果的差异性,初步实现了Cu+对L-精氨酸的选择性检出。     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱表征双二氮杂萘酮化合物

采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MAIDI-TOF MS)，以2，5-二羟基苯甲酸(DHB)为基体对10种合成的新型双二氮杂萘酮化合物进行了质谱分析，得到了较强的样品准分子离子信号；对校正标样进行了筛选并讨论了标样对测定准确度的影响；研究了样品与金属离子形成加成物的性质。     

激光烧蚀－电感耦合等离子体质谱法

激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法已广泛应用于固体物质中无机元素的分析，描述了微ＬＡ—ＩＣＰＭＳ系统原理，讨论了操作参数的影响和定性及定量分析性能，并举例说明其应用。     

激光烧蚀－电感耦合等离子体质谱法

激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法已广泛应用于固体物质中无机元素的分析,描述了微LA-ICPMS系统原理,讨论了操作参数的影响和定性及定量分析性能,并举例说明其应用。     

分散固相萃取-分散液液微萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜中19种有机磷农药残留

采用分散固相萃取和分散液液微萃取联用方法,建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中19种有机磷农药残留量的分析方法。分散固相萃取方法以乙腈为萃取液,以N-丙基-乙二胺(PSA)和C18为吸附剂。对影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素(萃取溶剂种类及体积、分散剂体积等)进行优化,同时分析了实验过程中添加掩蔽试剂L-古洛糖酸γ-内酯(AP)对基质效应补偿作用的影响。在最佳实验条件下,19种有机磷在辣椒和大葱中3个添加水平(0.05,0.1,0.5 mg/kg)的回收率为76.9%~126.8%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~7.3%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.10~0.50μg/kg。该方法简单、高效、重现性好、富集倍数高,可用于蔬菜中有机磷农药的快速检测。     

Determination of Phenolic Compounds by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry

A CZE-MS method was developed for the determination of several phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids). Since the analysis of these components necessitates the application of basic conditions for CZE separation and negative ionization mode for MS detection, the simplest choice was to use 0.5 M NH₄OH and IPA:water (1:1 v/v%) as the background electrolyte and sheath liquid, respectively. The LOD values ranged between 0.004–1.9 mg/L showing that there are relatively large differences in the ionization (and chemical) features of these compounds. The precision data were better than 0.75 RSD% for migration times and were between 5–8 RSD% for peak areas. In order to test the applicability of the developed method, a honey sample was analyzed.     

煤基富勒烯烟灰萃取产物的质谱分析

用甲苯等有机溶剂对由煤制得烟灰(soot)进行索氏萃取，用时间飞行质谱及气相色谱-质谱联用（GCMS）技术对所得的萃取产物进行了分析，结果发现，煤基粗富勒烯中除含有大量的C60和C70外，高碳富勒烯（如C74、C78，C82、C84、C100及C106等）的丰度也较高。在煤基粗富勒烯的伴生副产物中存在一些含有苯环结构的芳香性碳氢化合物和少量的长烷烃化合物，由此推测煤基富勒烯的形成过程可能遵循着一条与以石墨为原料时的机制完全不同的途径。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定发酵乳中4种糠醛类物质

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)快速检测发酵乳中因热加工处理产生的羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)、糠醛(F)、甲基糠醛(MF)、2-乙酰基呋喃(FMC)4种糠醛类物质。采用QuEChERS进行样品前处理,选择RTX-WAX色谱柱,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下对发酵乳中4种糠醛类物质进行测定,并优化了萃取试剂、盐析剂用量、净化剂用量。结果显示,在最佳条件下,4种糠醛类化合物的加标回收率为82.2%～118%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于10%。F、FMC、MF的线性范围为0.002～2 mg/L,5-HMF线性范围为0.02～2 mg/L,相关系数均不小于0.998,方法的定量下限(LOQs)和检出限(LODs)分别为3.0～45μg/kg和1.0～15μg/kg。该方法简便快速,灵敏度高,重现性好,满足定性定量要求。该方法对5种原味发酵乳和6种炭烧风味发酵乳的测定结果显示,炭烧风味发酵乳中4种糠醛类物质含量远高于原味发酵乳,表明炭烧工艺导致美拉德反应更加充分,间接说明过热处理会导致发酵乳中危害物增多,影响其营养价值和品质,该文为消费者提供了合理的选购建议与指导。     

Determination of Pyrethroid and Organophosphorus Insecticides in Indoor Air by Microwave-Assisted Extraction with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction for the recovery of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides adsorbed on quartz fiber filters and C18 disks used for indoor air sampling. The extraction solvent, temperature, and time were optimized by spiking tests. The recoveries for the insecticides obtained by microwave-assisted extraction with acetone at 50°C for 5 min were between 71.9% and 119.2% with relative standard deviations between 0.3% and 9.3% at two spike levels (0.1 µg and 1.0 µg). The results of the microwave-assisted extraction under the validation conditions were comparable to those obtained by Soxhlet extraction, which was used as a reference technique. In a preliminary analysis, resmethrin and tetramethrin were determined in the indoor air of an apartment unit at concentrations of 7.8 ng/m³ and 66.0 ng/m³, respectively, using the microwave-assisted extraction-based method with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.     

热解吸低温等离子体质谱技术直接快速筛查蔬菜中的有机磷农药

在传统低温等离子体质谱技术的基础上引入热解吸装置,建立了一种直接快速筛查蔬菜中有机磷农药的新方法。白菜样品经乙腈提取,离心取上清液进行质谱检测,在正离子检测模式下,将承载样品的载玻片置于加热块上进行解吸,被低温等离子体射流离子化后进入质谱检测。结果表明,在优化实验条件下,8种有机磷农药在0.005～0.200 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为0.001～0.010 mg/L,加标回收率为90.5%～119%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为12%～17%。与无热解吸条件相比,检测灵敏度提高了9.3～41.7倍。该方法操作简单,无复杂的样品前处理,灵敏度高、准确性好,可用于蔬菜中8种有机磷农药残留的同时测定,在大批量样品的非靶向分析中有较大的应用前景。     

Online Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry with In situ Mixing

Online matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is reported with in situ matrix/analyte aerosol mixing. The analyte and matrix were dissolved in separate solvents and pneumatically atomized into particles. Continuous flows of analyte particles and matrix droplets in nitrogen were mixed in a tee. The resulting particles were sampled using a nozzle, focused into a beam with an aerodynamic lens system, and vertically deposited continuously on a movable target. The matrix/analyte mixture was desorbed/ionized using a 266 nanometers pulsed laser at an incident angle of 45°. The nascent ions were analyzed using reflectron TOF MS. The performance of online MALDI-TOF MS was evaluated by the analysis of palmityl palmitate with the lithium salt of 2, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid as the matrix. Strong and stable MALDI signals of palmityl palmitate were obtained. The matrix solvent mixture and the analyte concentration were optimized and the results demonstrate the development of an alternative for online MALDI analysis.     

基质辅助激光解析电离质谱和电喷雾质谱共同快速确证达托霉素结构

运用基质辅助激光解析电离-飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)和电喷雾-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(ESI-Q-TOF MS)快速确证环脂肽达托霉素的结构。首先,ESI检测达托霉素相对分子量为1619.7107,与理论值偏差0.0007。选择其双电荷峰m/z 809.848作为母离子进行ESI串联质谱(MS/MS)测定,成功匹配了达托霉素环外氨基酸序列C9H19CO-Trp-Asn-Asp。其次,优化Li OH裂解达托霉素的实验条件,以MALDITOF/TOF MS监测开环效果,获得95%以上的开环样本后,分别运用MALDI和ESI进行MS/MS测定,达托霉素开环产物的b+和y+全部被匹配,达托霉素全部氨基酸序列得到确证。最后,对开环产物的ESI-MS/MS条件进一步优化,获得了丰富的低端碎片离子,解析了脂肪酸链结构,并绘制了脂肪酸链的裂解图。本方法快速、简便、准确,是确证环脂肽类化合物结构的可靠方法。     

直接进样-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中的5种苯胺类化合物

建立了直接进样测定生活饮用水及其水源水中5种苯胺类化合物(苯胺、3-硝基苯胺、4-硝基苯胺、2,6-二氯-4-硝基苯胺和六硝基二苯胺)的液相色谱-串联质谱法。水样经0.22μm 聚醚砜滤膜过滤后直接进样,目标化合物在 HSS T3色谱柱上经梯度洗脱,于4 min 完成分离,多反应监测模式检测。5种苯胺类化合物在各自线性范围内线性良好,相关系数 R≥0.995。方法的检出限为0.773~1.88μg/ L(S/ N =3),定量限为2.58~6.27μg/ L(S/ N=10);峰面积的日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.8%~1.9%和3.3%~4.9%;样品加标回收率为84.1%~105.0%,加标样品的 RSD 为1.0%~3.1%。应用本方法对35份水样进行了分析。结果表明,本方法准确、灵敏、快速,适用于生活饮用水及其水源水的常规分析,可为苯胺类化合物的污染评价提供技术支持。     

呼气中痕量挥发性有机物的质子转移反应质谱在线检测研究

通过对自主研制的大气成分在线检测质子转移反应质谱的进样管路系统进行改造,建立了可在线检测呼气中痕量挥发性有机物的质子转移反应质谱装置。通过对呼气进样系统的旁路流量控制,实现对进样速度的调控,既可提高进样速度,以满足实时监测呼气中指定成分浓度变化;也可适时关闭旁路,以降低进样速度,从而对呼气成分进行全谱分析,避免采样袋采样和浓缩的复杂程序和潜在干扰。以作者呼出气体作为研究对象,对装置性能进行测试,结果表明:装置最快响应时间可达1s,对呼气中丙酮的探测灵敏度高达每10-9(V/V)浓度的信号强度为14.6counts/s,多次呼气测量重复性好,有望广泛应用于呼气疾病诊断研究。     

Qualitative Analysis of Multiple Phytochemical Compounds in Tojapride Based on UHPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Tojapride is composed of Caulis Perillae, Rhizoma Cyperi, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Citrus aurantium L., Coptis chinensis Franch, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Reynoutria japonica Houtt, Tetradium ruticarpum, and Cleistocactus sepium. It has the effects of inhibiting gastric acid and relieving pain. It is clinically used for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease. To further study the pharmacodynamic properties of Tojapride, the systematic characterization of the chemical constituents in Tojapride was investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry combined with parallel reaction monitoring for the first time. Eventually, a total of 222 compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycyrrhizic acid derivatives, were identified based on the chromatographic retention times, MS/MS² information, and bibliography data; a total of 218 of these were reported for the first time as being present in Tojapride. This newly developed approach provides a powerful tool for extending our understanding of chemical constituents of Tojapride, which can be further extended to other TCMP composition research.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定船用燃料油中的9种含氮化合物

采用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法建立了船用燃料油中9种含氮化合物的测定方法。样品以SPE小柱净化去除饱和烃后,通过二氯甲烷-乙醇(5∶1)溶液洗脱。用DB-5MS(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)色谱柱分离,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式,外标法定量。结果表明,9种含氮化合物的色谱分离效果良好,在浓度1~1 000 mg/kg范围内与峰面积均呈线性关系。方法的定量下限(S/N=10)为0.18~0.43 mg/kg,平均加标回收率为85.3%~121.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均不大于6.8%。结果表明该方法快速可靠、准确简便,适用于船用燃料油中9种含氮化合物的检测。     

基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱用于寡糖的分析

将基体辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱这种新兴的质谱方法用于植物中寡糖的分析。比较了不同的样品制备方法和检测方法对分析结果的影响,给出各寡糖样品的分子量分布,单体和端基基团的分子量。