电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法结合化学计量学分析比较6种松针中无机元素的含量

为研究甘肃地区松针中无机元素的含量,探究不同品种松针中无机元素的差异,采用HNO₃(65%)对松针样品进行微波消解,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定甘肃两地区6种松针中28种无机元素的含量,结合主成分分析以及偏最小二乘判别分析对松针地区差异进行判别;结果显示松针中无机元素含量丰富,其中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe、Zn、Mn、Sr等元素在不同品种松针中均有较高含量,主成分分析结果显示共有7个主成分,累积贡献率达到92.58%,偏最小二乘判别分析显示两地区6种松针在地区上可被明显分开,其中Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Sr、K 6种元素为造成地区差异的主要元素。实验结果表明松针中元素种类丰富,人体必需微量元素含量较高,且不同地区松针在地区上具有一定的一致性和特异性。     

Bromine and iodine in the system “aerosol-plant”

Norway spruce needles from 4 different stations and of different age classes have been washed free from the adhering wax and the insoluble aerosols. Bromine and iodine contents were determined separately in the needles, in the wax and in the insoluble aerosols from the needles' surface by neutron activation analysis. The distribution of Br and I in these 3 fractions shows that a large portion of these elements can be found on the needle surface. The predominant amount of these elments in the external material is present in the wax. Bromine and iodine loadings on the spruce needles depend on the ambient concentrations at the stations and increase slightly with needle age. The correlation between the aerosol loadings suggests a common source for these elements. The correlation between Br and I in the needles show an identical biodynamic behaviour, most probably an uptake by the needle surface.     

Accumulation of Major,Minor and Trace Elements in Pine Needles (Pinus nigra) in Vienna (Austria)

Increasing heavy metal pollution in the environment and the fact that pine needles are good bio-monitors for air pollutants was the reason to investigate their accumulation in pine needles in Vienna (Austria). Pinus nigra is widespread over the city, thus allowing the study of different parameters influencing metal accumulation. The sampling sites were chosen based on traffic volume (low, medium, high). Fresh shoots were collected alongside one-year-old needles once per week from May to August 2015. The needle samples were washed and dried prior to acidic microwave-assisted digestion followed by quantitative determination using spectrometric methods. The investigation was focused on the following elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, U, V, and Zn. The one-year-old needles mainly contained higher contents of elements than fresh shoots; in many cases, the values differed statistically significantly. By correlating needle elemental contents with the sampling site, statistically significant differences were registered for the majority of the investigated elements. These differences originate from the local traffic situation, soil elemental levels, translocation processes, and not traffic-related sources. No general trend of metal accumulation from spring to summer was registered.     

Major and Trace Elements in Spruce Needles from Urban Areas: Some Aspects of Analysis in Environmental Studies

Main and trace elements in samples of spruce needles from urban areas in Poland and Norway were analysed using the ICP-AES method. Concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Sr, Ti, V and Zn were measured in needles from conifer trees growing in different locations. Two different procedures of laboratory sample preparation were compared and discussed. Different washing procedures were examined and compared. For quality control of analytical measurements, Standard Reference Material BCR CRM 101 (spruce needles from Europe) was used. Synergistic and antagonistic relationships between elements in spruce needles were investigated. Applicability of spruce needles in biomonitoring of environmental metal pollution was discussed.     

Spruce needles: standards and real samples

Summary Spruce needles were sampled from stations over 6 different bedrocks and analyzed for 24 elements by neutron activation. The results were then compared to conifer needle Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), NIST SRM 1575 pine needles and BCR CRM 101 spruce needles. Values for Al, As, Br, Cr, Fe, La, Na, Sb, Sc, and Th are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher in the SRMs than in the actual samples, whereas the other investigated elements do not show this effect. The most probable reason for the discrepancy is the inclusion of external material with the SRMs. Some properties of this external material and the consequences of its presence on the investigation of spruce needles are discussed.     

Determination of chromium,manganese, lead and cadmium in biological samples including hair using direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Direct analysis of solid samples employing a laboratory assembled electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer is demonstrated to be a feasible approach for determination of trace elements in plant tissue and hair samples for special applications in plant physiology and biomedical research. As an example, the kinetics of Cr uptake by cabbage and its distribution have been measured as a function of chromium speciation in the nutrient solution. Further, longitudinal concentration gradients of Cr, Pb and Cd have been measured in hair of various population groups exposed to different levels of these elements in ambient and/or occupational environments. The techniques are validated for the determination of these trace elements by neutron activation analysis, dissolution atomic absorption spectrometry and by analysis of certified reference materials. Slurry sample introduction is found appropriate for routine trace element determination and in homogeneity testing. Direct sample introduction is indispensable in the analysis of very small (< 1 mg) tissue biopsy samples in the determination of trace element distributions.     

Soil contamination in plant samples and in botanical reference materials: Signature, quantification and consequences

Individual samples of several sets of plants (lichens, tobacco, spruce needles, grass, botanical reference materials) show highly significant correlations of Al, Fe, Hf, La, Na, Th, Ti and V with Sc. These correlations result from the terrigenous part of aerosols deposited on and measured together with the plants. The composition of this contamination is almost uniform among the different plant sets and can be approximated by the composition of the upper continental crust. The mass of the terrigenous material ranges from <1 to >100 mg/g plant. Its presence is expected to lead to concentrations of the above and of other elements that deviate substantially from those of plants without contamination. This is proved by the comparison of two sets of spruce needles, one of which was measured without and the other after removal of the aerosol.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红松松针中微量元素含量

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了长白山红松松针中K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Fe和Mn 7种金属元素含量。结果表明,在常量元素中K、Ca含量较高,微量元素中Fe、Zn含量较高,7种金属元素含量由高到低顺序分别为:K、Ca、Fe、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu。可见松针中含有丰富的与健康密切相关的微量元素,具有较高的食用和药用价值。     

Measurement of L shell X-ray fluorescence intensity ratios for some elements in the atomic number range of 66£Z£90 by photoionization of consecutive L-subshells

In 1999 investigation, the needles of Sabina chinesis L. from 11 hot spot tourist cities extending over China were collected as biomonitors for evaluation of atmospheric elemental differences in those cities. Thirty five elements were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The experimental data reflected the environmental alteration in the cities that have different geographical position, population burden and industrialized level. Eventually by using the data processed by factor analysis (FA) and subsequent cluster analysis (CA), the cities were grouped into six sorts of the urban atmospheric deposition with corresponding elements.     

Radionuclide-rich spruce twigs and needles as analytical reference materials

Black spruce /Picea mariana/ twigs and needles have been collected from a uraniferous area of northern Saskatchewan and characterized for their content of some radionuclides and trace elements in an interlaboratory program. These materials, rich in uranium, are available as reference materials, for estimating accuracy in the analysis of vegetation, from the Canadian Certified Reference Materials Project in Ottawa, Canada.     

The validation of Kayzero-assisted NAA in Budapest, Rez, and Ljubljana via the analysis of three BCR certified reference materials

After installation and calibration of k0-assisted NAA in three Central European research institutes (AEKI-Budapest, NPI-Rez, and IJS, Ljubljana), its validation was established via the analysis of three BCR certified reference materials. The matrices of choice were: CRM 277 estuarine sediment, CRM 038 coal fly ash from pulverized coal, and CRM 101 spruce needles. For some elements, e.g. Zn, Cd, and Hg, the analyses were not only performed instrumentally (INAA), but also in the radiochemical mode (RNAA). The work was performed in the framework of a European Copernicus Project.     

Resonance neutrons for determination of elemental content of moss,lichen and pine needles in atmospheric deposition monitoring

Experience in the use of epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA) in the monitoring of atmospheric deposition by means of moss, lichens and pine needles is summarized. It is shown that 45 elements (Mg, K, Ca, Al, Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni (using (n,p)-reaction), Zn, Cu, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Th and U, as well as Ir and Re in pine needles in the presence of anthropogenic pollution by the nickel mining plant) are reliably determined. Examples of the use of lichens, moss and pine needles as biomonitors of atmospheric deposition in Franz Josef Land the Kola peninsula and in the Tver region are given.     

Pine Needles (Pinus Sylvestris) as a Bioindicator of Sulphur and Heavy Metal Deposition in the Area Around a Pulp and Paper Mill Complex at Kemi,Northern Finland

Abstract

The determination of sulphur and heavy metals in plants is an integral part of many environmental studies. Pine needles (Pinus Sylvestris) have proved to be suitable air quality indicators for pollutants, especially for sulphur. This study was carried out in the vicinity of Kemi, a town situated on the Gulf of Bothnia in northern Finland. An industrial complex comprising two pulp and paper mills is located in the centre of the area. Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris) needles were collected from 29 sampling sites. The samples were dried, homogenized and digested with nitric acid. The concentrations of the elements S, Fe, Zn, Ca, V, and Pb were determined by ICP-AES. According to our results pine needles (Pinus sylvestris) appear to be an ideal bioindicator and sampling material for identifying and assessing atmospheric sulphur pollution derived from pulp and paper mills and can complement the information provided by plant mapping studies around pulp and paper mills.     

Variation of the rare earth element concentrations in the soil, soil extract and in individual plants from the same site

Samples of various types (spruce needles, blackberry leaves, soils, and soil extracts) have each been taken at 6 places from the same site. In addition, 4 whirls each from 2 spruce trees were sampled. Rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in these samples by neutron activation analysis with a chemical group separation. Variations between places were found to be small with soils and soil extracts, but large with plants. Variations between whirls were small. Plants neither reflected the soil nor the soil extract. Both plant species were dissimilar, but the logarithm of their ratio was a linear function of the atomic number of the REE. A negative Ce anomaly (with respect to soil) was found in both plant species.     

Multielemental Analysis of Yew,Pine and Spruce Needles by ICP-AES

Abstract

Concentrations of 22 trace and nutritional elements in yew, pine and spruce needles collected from urban and industrial areas were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Dependence of concentrations of trace elements in conifers species on sampling site was investigated. Various procedures of sample digestion (different acids, conventional hot plate and microwave digestion methods, dry ashing) were examined and discussed.     

Adsorbed compounds on pine needle surfaces for the environmental monitoring of uranium

In order to examine the feasibility of the adsorbed compounds on the pine needles for environmental monitoring of uranium, the adsorbed compounds were recovered by solvent washing, and the elemental concentrations in the compounds were compared with those of air particles and pine needles. It was found, that the concentration patterns of elements in the compounds corresponded to those of air particles, which meant that the air particles were the main components of the compounds. The analysis by ICP-MS suggested that the uranium in the compounds has a natural composition. Therefore, the adsorbed compounds to the pine needles can be considered as potential indicators for the environmental monitoring of uranium.     

Comparison of Conventional,Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Techniques Applied for the Determination of Metals in Spruce Needles

In the present study the extraction of trace and major elements (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) from spruce (Picea) needle samples under various experimental conditions, i.e., extractant, temperature and time of extraction, was examined. The effectiveness of conventional, ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction techniques was investigated. The replacement of a sample decomposition procedure by leaching prior to multielemental analysis by ICP-AES as well as the aspect of fractionation analysis is discussed. Standard Reference Material (CRM 101-Norway spruce needles) was used for validation of the applied analytical procedures.     

The validation of Kayzero-assisted NAA in Budapest, Řež, and Ljubljana via the analysis of three BCR certified reference materials

After installation and calibration of k₀-assisted NAA in three Central European research institutes (AEKI-Budapest, NPI-?e?, and IJS, Ljubljana), its validation was established via the analysis of three BCR certified reference materials. The matrices of choice were: CRM 277 estuarine sediment, CRM 038 coal fly ash from pulverized coal, and CRM 101 spruce needles. For some elements, e.g. Zn, Cd, and Hg, the analyses were not only performed instrumentally (INAA), but also in the radiochemical mode (RNAA). The work was performed in the framework of a European Copernicus Project.     

Elemental Composition of Needles of the Family Pinaceae in the Territory with Accumulated Environmental Damage,Southern Baikal Region

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The concentrations of 20 elements in needles of forest-forming species of the family Pinaceae, namely Abies sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus sibirica, and...