H2O? radicals trapped in Y-type zeolites

The results of CHDO/SP calculations do not support the detection of H₂O^– ions in MgY and CaY zeolites.

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CNDO/SP H₂O^– MgY CaY.

     

Catalytic decomposition of N2O on La2Cu0.5M0.5O4 (M=Co, Ni, Cu and Zn)

Decomposition of N₂O has been studied over La₂Cu_0.5M_0.5O₄ (M=Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) between 380 and 485°C at 50 torr initial pressure of N₂O to understand the mutual interaction of two different active metal ions of the same concentration and valence in deciding the physico-chemical and catalytic properties. A multicenter type of adsorption of N₂O has been visualized and it is found that the rate is governed by the electronic factor.

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N₂O La₂Cu_0,5M_0,5O₄ (M=Co, Ni, Cu Zn) 380–485°C N₂O, 50 . , - . N₂O. .

     

Study of the evolution of a MoO3+Bi2MoO6 mixture in air and in the conditions of mild propene oxidation

MoO₃ can react with the gamma phase of bismuth molybdate (Bi₂MoO₆) in the conditions of propene oxidation to form the alpha phase (Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂) resulting in a more selective catalyst for propene oxidation to acrolein. Intimate contact between MoO₃ and the gamma phase is an important factor favoring the formation of the alpha phase.

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MoO₃ - (Bi₂MoO₆), - (Bi₂Mo₃O₁₂), .

     

Steam reforming of methanol over Cu/ZrO2. Role of ZrO2 support

Cu/ZrO₂ was highly active and selective for the title reaction. The activity obtained exceeded greatly that obtained over Cu/SiO₂. It was shown that the precursors highly dispersed on zirconia support were readily reduced to very fine particles of metallic copper.

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Cu/ZrO₂ . Cu/SiO₂. , , , .

     

Effect of pretreatment conditions on the activity and selectivity of Pt/Al2O3 reforming catalysts

The optimal reduction conditions for Pt/Al₂O₃ vary depending on whether the catalyst is fresh or lined-out and chlorine is present or absent. Optimal pretreatment conditions proposed by previous workers for fresh catalysts therefore have no meaning for industrial reformers since reforming catalysts spend most of their life under line-out conditions. Results from this work lend support to the strong hydrogen chemisorption theory.

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Pt/Al₂O₃ , , . , , , , .. . .

     

51V NMR studies of systems V2O5-KHSO4 and V2O5?K2SO4

Systems V₂O₅–KHSO₄ and V₂O₅–K₂SO₄ have been studied by the⁵¹V NMR method. The first system demonstrates the same states of vanadium as the previously studied V₂O₅–K₂S₂O₇, in this system a compound with an equimolar ratio of components has been found. In V₂O₅–K₂SO₄ the state of vanadium differs from the above systems and the formation of a compound with V/K=4 is observed.

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⁵¹V KHSO₄–V₂O₅ K₂SO₄–V₂O₅. , K₂S₂O₇–V₂O₅, . K₂SO₄–V₂O₅ V/K4.

     

Mechanism of competitive oxidation and H-D exchange of cyclohexane in the PtII?PtIV?Cl??D2O?D2SO4 system

The results of kinetic studies on competitive oxidation and H-D exchange of cyclohexane in the Pt^II–Pt^IV–Cl^––D₂O–D₂SO₄ system involving variations in the concentrations of D⁺, Cl^– and Pt^II, are in agreement with two possible mechanisms involving the formation of a common intermediate alkyl-platinum complex.

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H/D Pt^II–Pt^IV–Cl^––D₂O–D₂SO₄ D⁺, Cl^–, Pt^II , - .

     

Role of high temperature hydrogen treatment in n-hexane aromatization over Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Temperature programmed reaction study

Ultrazet zeolites (Polish counterparts of the ZSM-5 zeolite) with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios ranging from 40 to 186, have been studied to elucidate the correlation of SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio with transformation of the orthorhombic into monoclinic symmetry in the zeolite (during preparation), cracking reaction of n-hexane and 3-methylpentane and zeolite acidity.

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( ZSM-5) SiO₂/Al₂O₃ 40 186 SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ( ), - - .

     

Studies on the V2O5?TiO2 system, V. Equilibrium pressures

The oxygen equilibrium pressures from pure V₂O₅ and co-precipitated V₂O₅–TiO₂ system were measured in the range of 200–450 °C. The behavior of the equilibrium pressure with changes of temperature of the samples with and without TiO₂ is attributed to Ti⁴⁺ interaction with the V₂O₅ lattice.

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V₂O₅ - V₂O₅–TiO₂ 200–450°C. TiO₂ Ti⁺⁴ V₂O₅.

     

Activity and selectivity of oxidative coupling of methane over LaAlo3 catalyst

Activity and selectivity of the oxidative coupling of methane under various reaction conditions were tested over LaAlO₃ type fine powders prepared by the mist decomposition method. C₂ synthesis preferred smaller W/F and higher CH₄/O₂ ratios. A high activity (10.1 mol/sm² of C₂ formation) and a high C₂-selectivity (88%) were obtained under optimum conditions.

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LaAlO₃, . C₂ W/F CH₄/O₂. 10,1 /·² C₂, 88%.

     

Rate constant of unimolecular decomposition of the radical (CH3)2juvyCCH(CH3)2

The energy of activation of CH ₃ ^. radical rupture from the radical (CH₃)₂juvyCCH(CH₃)₂ is 142.2 kJ mol^–1; the selfcombination rate constant is k_c {(CH₃)₂juvyCCH(CH₃)₂}=10^7.3 dm³ mol^–1 s^–1.

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CH ₃ ^. (CH₃)₂juvyCCH(CH₃)₂ 142,2 /, k_c {(CH₃)₂juvyCCH(CH₃)₂}=10^{7,3 3–1 –1}.

     

Studies of the reactions of Br(2P3/2) and Br(2P1/2) with SiH4

Photobromination of SiH₄ under uv-irradiation at various wavelengths has been studied. Rate constants for the elementary reactions Br(²P_3/2)+SiH₄HBr+SiH₃ (k=3.2×10^–11 exp(–21.8±2.5)/RT, cm³/s) and Br^* (²P_1/2)+SiH₄HBr+SiH₃ (k^*=(3±1)×10^–13 cm³/s) have been determined in the temperature range from 300 to 415 K.

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- . Br(²P_3/2)+SiH₄HBr+SiH₃, k=3,2×10^–11 exp (–21,8±2,5)/RT ³/ Br^*(²P_1/2)+SiH₄HBr+SiH₃, k^*=(3±1)×10^{–13 3}/ 300–415 K.

     

Determination of the exposed surface area of V2O5 on a V2O5/Al2O3 catalyst

NH₃, NO and CO₂ were tested as adsorbates for selective determination of exposed surface area of V₂O₅ on a V₂O₅/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The most promising appears to be CO₂ which interacts with the support Al₂O₃ only.

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NH₃, NO CO₂ V₂O₅ V₂O₅/Al₂O₃. CO₂, Al₂O₃.

     

Sulfurization of Pt/Al2O3?Cl catalysts. IV. Adsorption sites of H2S on Al2O3, Al2O3?Cl and Pt/Al2O3?Cl

Chemisorption of H₂S on Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃–Cl and Pt/Al₂O₃–Cl has been studied by gravimetry and IR spectroscopy. The influence of the amount of Cl on the H₂S adsorption equilibrium value and the nature of the adsorption sites at low and high coverages are discussed.

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H₂S Al₂O₃, Al₂O₃–Cl Pt/Al₂O₃–Cl . Cl H₂S, .

     

The activity of Ni/AlPO4, Ni/AlPO4?Al2O3 and Ni/AlPO4?SiO2 catalysts in the hydrogenation of e-cinnamaldehyde

Liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenatio of E-cinnamaldehyde was carried out by using new supported nickel catalysts (Ni/AlPO₄, Ni/AlPO₄–Al₂O₃ and Ni/AlPO₄–SiO₂) in methanol as solvent under low hydrogen pressure (4.1 bar) and 298 K. The kinetic orders are zero in H₂ and aldehyde. The selectivity to the hydrogenaton of the C=C double bond is very high (>99%)

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- (Ni/AlPO₄, Ni/AlPO₄–Al₂O₃ Ni/AlPO₄–SiO₂) (4,1 ) 298 . H₂ . C–C (>90%).

     

Comparative study of the catalytic properties of V2O5, Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 in the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde

The selectivity of the oxides under consideration to the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde is shown to increase in the sequence V₂O₅–Nb₂O₅–Ta₂O₅. The same sequence corresponds to the decrease in specific activity. The activation energy of the reaction is 12 kcal/mol for V₂O₅, 14 kcal/mol for Nb₂O₅ and 22 kcal/mol for Ta₂O₅.

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, V₂O₅–Nb₂O₅–Ta₂O₅. . : V₂O₅ 12 /, Nb₂O₅ 14 / Ta₂O₅ 22 /.

     

Sulfuration of Pt/Al2O3, Pt?Re/Al2O3 and Pt?Ir/Al2O3 catalysts

Three reforming catalysts Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ and Pt–Re/Al₂O₃ have been sulfurated by H₂S and tested by their activities in benzene hydrogenation. By treatment at 500°C under hydrogen flow only a part of the initial activity of the non-sulfurated catalyst is retained. So only a part of the adsorbed sulfur is easily removed in these conditions. The remaining sulfur for each of the catalysts (Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ and Pt–Re/Al₂O₃) gives the same atomic ratio of 0.5 sulfur atom per accessible metallic atom.

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Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ Pt–Pe/Al₂O₃ . 500°C H₂ . . ., . (Pt/Al₂O₃, Pt–Ir/Al₂O₃ Pt–Pe/Al₂O₃) 0,5.

     

Dispersity and reducibility of the molybdenum oxide phase in SiO2, SiO2?Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 supported molybdena catalysts

XRD, isothermal and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) experiments were carried out with SiO₂, SiO₂–Al₂O₃ and -Al₂O₃ supported catalysts. Molybdena is in a more disperse state on supports containing more alumina and it is more reducible on SiO₂–Al₂O₃ than on SiO₂ or -Al₂O₃. TPR curves were shown to reflect connections between reduction kinetics and dispersity.

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-, , SiO₂, SiO₂–Al₂O₃ -Al₂O₃. , , SiO₂–Al₂O₃ SiO₂ -Al₂O₃. .

     

Catalytic activity of the Al2O3?Cr2O3?Fe2O3 system, I. Physico-chemical properties

The physico-chemical properties of a catalyst containing 90% Al₂O₃, 9% Cr₂O₃ and 1% Fe₂O₃ have been studied. Coexistence of acidic and basic (ionic) sites as well as electron acceptor radical centers have been found.

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- : 90% Al₂O₃, 9% Cr₂O₃ 1% Fe₂O₃. , () , - .

     

Stopped-flow study of the oxidation of ascorbic acid by the oxo-bridged trinuclear ruthenium complex [(NH3)5RuORu(NH3)4 ORu(NH3)5]7+

The kinetics of the oxidation of ascorbic acid by [(NH₃)₅RuORu(NH₃)₄ORu(NH₃)₅]⁷⁺ has been studied by the stopped-flow method. The activation parameters have been calculated and a possible mechanism is suggested.

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[(NH₃)₅RuORu(NH₃)₄ORu·(NH₃)₅]⁷⁺ . .