Physics design of SSRF synchrotron radiation security

High brightness of SSRF brings about synchrotron radiation security problems, which will be solved in physics design. The main radiations are generated from bending magnets and insertion devices. Since the fact that radiation power and radiating area are different in these two kinds of synchrotron radiation, the arrangements of photon absorbers, diaphragms and other vacuum components need to be treated distinctively. In addition, SSRF interlock protection threshold is defined and the beam orbit in the straight line is limited. Hence, beam orbit in the bending magnets and IDs are also restricted by the threshold. The orbit restriction is calculated and helps us to arrange the vacuum components. In this paper, beam orbit distortion restricted by interlock protection threshold, radiation power, radiation angle and illuminating area are calculated. From the calculation results, the physics designs in manufacture and installation vacuum components are put forward. By commissioning, it is shown that physics requirements are met rigidly in the engineering process.     

上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的设计

 开展了上海同步辐射装置储存环注入冲击磁铁的结构和脉冲电源的技术设计,并进行了磁场分布和励磁电流波形的模拟计算。还给出了陶瓷真空盒镀膜的设计参数,提出了计算陶瓷真空盒镀膜接受同步光功率的公式,研究了防止镀膜和波纹管受到同步光照射的机械布局设计。     

Effect of undulators on the stored electron beam of Indus-2

Indus-2 is an Indian synchrotron light source, operating at 2.5 Ge V and generating synchrotron radiation from its bending magnets. In order to provide more intense synchrotron radiation to the synchrotron users, there is a plan to install five insertion devices in the Indus-2 storage ring. In the first phase of installation of insertion devices, there is a proposal to install two out- vacuum pure permanent magnet linearly polarized undulators in long straight sections of the Indus-2 storage ring. The presence of the insertion devices in the ring has inevitable effects on beam parameters like betatron tune, betatron amplitude function, closed orbit, emittance, energy spread and dynamic aperture etc. In this paper, the effect of two undulators on the above mentioned parameters of the Indus-2stored electron beam at 2.5 Ge V is presented. Moreover a correction scheme for the restoration of the betatron tune and amplitude function is also presented.     

基于FPGA的储存环束流轨道联锁系统设计

上海光源储存环束流轨道联锁系统是加速器机器联锁保护系统(MPS)的重要组成部分,针对日常供光和机器研究的需求,需要对束流位置测量系统前各Libera电子学输出的联锁信号进行标记,以区分联锁信号的先后顺序和误报的联锁信号,同时触发所有Libera电子学前锁存逐圈(TBT)数据。新的联锁系统将所有联锁信号通过光纤传输汇总至FPGA数据采集板卡进行甄别,并将该系统集成储存环EPICS控制系统中。实验室测试显示该系统能够能够分辨数十ns范围内模拟的联锁信号,同时输出特定的触发信号至对应的Libera电子学,表明该系统达到设计要求。     

Transfiguration of extracting mirror in synchrotron radiation system at SSRF

The first extracting mirror is very important for synchrotron radiation monitor (SRM). The SRM system of SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) should extract the visible light with low optical distortion. The analysis of SR power spectrum and heat transfiguration based on Matlab is introduced in this paper, which will be used in calibration. One beryllium mirror with water-cooling is used to transmit X-ray and reflect visible light to satisfy the measurement request. The existing system suffers from a dynamic problem in some beam physics study. The system includes optics, image acquisition and interferometers. One of the instruments is a digital camera providing the image of the beam transverse profile. The hardware configuration will be summarized. The synchrotron radiation measurement system has been in operation in SSRF for more than one year.     

机器学习在储存环轨道校正中的应用研究

X射线同步辐射光源,是现代科学研究中最强大的工具之一。位于中国上海的上海光源,是一台能量为3.5 GeV的先进的第三代中能同步辐射光源。第三代同步辐射光源要提供高亮度、高稳定性的同步辐射来满足实验条件要求苛刻的前沿研究,因此对束流的轨道稳定性有很高的要求。为此,采用机器学习算法进行电子束轨道的控制和反馈。这种基于神经网络的轨道校正方法不依赖于具体的响应矩阵,建立非线性映射关系,并且还可以进行连续的在线再训练,对上海光源的轨道校正和提高束流轨道稳定性有重要意义。     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)booster ring, a full energy injector for the storage ring, is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping. Closed orbit distortion (COD) caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting. Considering the affections of random errors in measurement, both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5 is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

第三代同步辐射光源储存环支撑组件振动控制研究

第三代同步辐射光源对束流轨道稳定性要求很高, 上海光源是一台在建的第三代光源, 束流位置稳定度要求达到微米乃至亚微米级. 地基振动会使储存环磁聚焦结构中的各种元件发生机械振动引起随时间变化的束流闭合轨道畸变, 影响束流轨道稳定性. 上海光源场地振动幅值大, 需要研究措施控制机械组件的振动. 阻尼减振是一种有效的振动控制方法, 针对上海光源储存环机械组件, 作者设计了一种阻尼减振方案. 试验结果表明, 该方案能有效地控制机械组件的振动. 这对于保证上海光源的束流稳定性要求有积极意义.     

Studies of closed orbit correction and slow orbit feedback for the SSRF storage ring

Details of the active ways to suppress Closed Orbit Distortion (COD), including bending magnet sorting and survey and alignment of the magnets, are discussed based on the studies of affections to the COD by the bending magnet field error and the misalignment of quadrupoles. The closed orbit correction and the Slow Orbit Feed Back (SOFB) system for the SSRF storage ring are presented in this paper. With these available methods, better results were obtained during the commissioning period with 3 GeV beam energy.     

Studies of closed orbit correction and slow orbit feedback for the SSRF storage ring

Details of the active ways to suppress Closed Orbit Distortion （COD）, including bending magnet sorting and survey and alignment of the magnets, are discussed based on the studies of affections to the COD by the bending magnet field error and the misalignment of quadrupoles. The closed orbit correction and the Slow Orbit Feed Back （SOFB） system for the SSRF storage ring are presented in this paper. With these available methods, better results were obtained during the commissioning period with 3 GeV beam energy.     

A new optical scheme for large‐extraction small‐aberration vacuum‐ultraviolet synchrotron radiation beamlines

Vacuum‐ultraviolet radiation delivered by bending‐magnet sources is used at numerous synchrotron radiation facilities worldwide. As bending‐magnet radiation is inherently much less collimated compared with undulator sources, the generation of high‐quality intense bending‐magnet vacuum‐ultraviolet photon beams is extremely demanding in terms of the optical layout due to the necessary larger collection apertures. In this article, an optimized optical layout which takes into account both the optical and electron beam properties is proposed. This layout delivers an improved beam emittance of over one order of magnitude compared with existing vacuum‐ultraviolet bending‐magnet beamlines that, up to now, do not take into account electron beam effects. The arrangement is made of two dedicated mirrors, a cylindrical and a cone‐shaped one, that focus independently both the horizontal and the vertical emission of a bending‐magnet source, respectively, and has been already successfully applied in the construction of the infrared beamline at the Brazilian synchrotron. Using this scheme, two vacuum‐ultraviolet beamline designs based on a SOLEIL synchrotron bending‐magnet source are proposed and analysed. They would be useful for future upgrades to the DISCO beamline at SOLEIL and could be readily implemented at other synchrotron radiation facilities.     

上海光源储存环主支撑减振研究

 上海光源是一台在建的第三代同步辐射光源,对束流轨道稳定性要求很高。由磁铁和支架组成的支撑组件的机械稳定性是影响束流轨道稳定性的重要因素。对主支撑组件样机的测试结果表明,其最低共振频率处放大倍数为50左右,超过要求5倍。因此,需要研究相应的减振措施。利用阻尼减振原理设计了一种约束阻尼结构。在样机上的测试结果表明,安装该装置后,支撑组件的共振放大倍数最大可以降低91.8%,对应的功率谱密度的峰值可以降低25 dB。因此,该装置可以用来增加支撑的稳定性。     

嵌入式上海光源EPICS插入件控制系统

插入件是上海光源重要组成设备之一,其控制系统主要由高精度电机运动控制、位置反馈、校正线圈电源控制、前端轨道反馈及人机界面等部分组成。为实现以上功能并无缝接入上海光源EPICS控制系统,设计了基于EPICS的插入件控制系统。在此基础上,利用嵌入式EPICS技术将所有EPICS组件嵌入到一台嵌入式控制器中。嵌入式EPICS技术简化了系统结构,方便用户操作和后期维护。经测试和在线运行,该系统控制功能完整,反馈控制实时性高,束流的稳定性得到了提高,为试验站稳定供光提供了保证。     

束流轨道快校正磁铁电源研究进展

快校正磁铁电源能够对束流轨道的偏离进行快速校正,提升同步辐射光源运行的可靠性。随着第四代衍射极限储存环(DLSR)光源品质的进一步提高,为了保证束流轨道的稳定性,快速轨道反馈(FOFB)系统对校正磁铁电源的性能也提出了更高的要求。针对先进同步辐射光源FOFB系统对快校正磁铁电源的需求,将目前国内外第四代同步辐射光源束流轨道快速校正磁铁电源的研究成果分为线性电源和开关电源两类,对各方案的拓扑结构、控制策略以及性能参数的特点等进行了简要对比分析,可以看出目前国内外正在研制的快校正磁铁电源响应带宽基本可以达到5 kHz甚至10 kHz水平,线性电源的低纹波噪声特性具备应用优势但需要关注效率低的问题;开关电源方案具有高效、模块化等特点,如果可以有效解决纹波噪声问题,将会更广泛地应用在快校正磁铁电源的设计中。     

Study of closed orbit response to magnet vibrations at the SSRF storage ring

This paper presents the analytical and simulation responses of the closed orbit distortion in the SSRF storage ring to random and plane wave like magnet vibrations respectively. It is shown that the use of girder is very beneficial in the view of suppressing this response function. Effect of the independently supported gradient bending magnets to the closed orbit response is given. An analytic formula is written to give a rough estimate of the closed orbit distortion due to ground motion, taking into account the closed orbit response function and girder transfer function. As an example, the result of SSRF case is given.     

Rhodotron型加速器粒子动力学研究

Rhodotron是一种新型的CW电子加速器,已经广泛应用于辐照加工的很多领域.本文利用Parmela程序研究其动力学特性,深入分析了束团的同步条件、相聚过程以及在CW工作状态下束团相遇碰撞等一系列纵向动力学问题;并详细探讨了空间电荷效应、横向聚焦过程的实现、初始参量对横向束流特性的影响等横向动力学问题.在上述研究基础上,计算出束流损失功率的分布,并比较了模拟计算结果与Rhodotron原型机的实际参数,两者的结果基本一致,由此证明了这种研究方法的可行性.     

Study of closed orbit response to magnet vibrations at the SSRF storage ring

This paper presents the analytical and simulation responses of the closed orbit distortion in the SSRF storage ring to random and plane wave like magnet vibrations respectively. It is shown that the use of girder is very beneficial in the view of suppressing this response function. Effect of the independently supported gradient bending magnets to the closed orbit response is given. An analytic formula is written to give a rough estimate of the closed orbit distortion due to ground motion, taking into account the closed orbit response function and girder transfer function. As an example, the result of SSRF case is given.     

Comparison between the Results of Simulating the Synchrotron Radiation from a Bending Magnet and Experimental Data

The results of using two (SPECTRA and SRW) programs for simulating synchrotron radiation (SR) are presented. Calculations are performed for coherent SR from a beam of electrons with moderately relativistic energies in a short bending magnet. Simulation is carried out for real beam parameters. A comparison between simulation and experimental data indicates their good agreement. Both general information for the given codes grouped by a number of criteria and specific data on simulating radiation from bending magnets are presented.     

上海光源500MHz超导腔水平测试

上海光源是能量为3.5 GeV的第三代先进中能同步辐射光源,其储存环上安装了三台超导高频腔补偿电子因同步辐射等原因丢失的能量。为保障上海光源的长期稳定高效运行,中国科学院上海应用物理研究所和上海市低温超导高频腔技术重点实验室共同研制了具备低高次模损失参数和可承受更高入射功率的新型500 MHz超导腔,作为上海光源在线运行超导高频腔的备用腔。超导铌腔经低温垂直测试达到所需加速性能后,需要与高功率输入耦合器、高次模吸收器、低温恒温器等集成并完成水平测试,获得超导腔模组的加速性能、低温性能和真空性能。介绍了超导腔备用腔的研制、集成和测试过程,采用文丘里(Venturi)校准法获得模组的静态功耗反应模组的低温性能,并通过高功率测试获得了超导腔备用腔模组的加速性能。测试结果表明:自主研制的500 MHz超导腔备用腔满足上海光源的工作需求,在超导腔的加速腔压为2.0 MV时,无载品质因数为1.2×109 @4.2 K,且低温模组的静态热损耗为36.1 W。