Quadratic algebras applied to noncommutative integration of the Klein-Gordon equation: Four-dimensional quadratic algebras containing three-dimensional nilpotent lie algebras

The study is continued on noncommutative integration of linear partial differential equations [1] in application to the exact integration of quantum-mechanical equations in a Riemann space. That method gives solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation when the set of noncommutative symmetry operations for that equation forms a quadratic algebra consisting of one second-order operator and of first-order operators forming a Lie algebra. The paper is a continuation of [2], where a single nontrivial example is used to demonstrate noncommutative integration of the Klein-Gordon equation in a Riemann space not permitting variable separation.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 89–94, March, 1995.     

Classification of F algebras and noncommutative integration of the Klein-Gordon equation in Riemannian spaces

The method of noncommutative integration of linear differential equations [A. V. Shapovalov and I. V. Shirokov, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Fiz., No. 4, 116; No. 5, 100 (1991)] is used to integrate the Klein-Gordon equation in Riemannian spaces. The situation is investigated where the set of noncommuting symmetry operators of the Klein-Gordon equation consists of first-order operators and one second-order operator and forms a so-called F algebra, which generalizes the concept of a Lie algebra. The F algebra is a quadratic algebra in the given situation. A classification of four- and five-dimensional F algebras is given. The integration of the Klein-Gordon equation in a Riemannian space, which does not admit separation of variables, is demonstrated in a nontrivial example.V. V. Kuibyshev State University, Tomsk. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 45–50, January, 1993.     

Reduction of quantum analogs of Hamiltonian systems described by Lie algebras to orbits in a coadjoint representation

A study is made of the possibility of reducing quantum analogs of Hamiltonian systems to Lie algebras. The procedure of reducing classical systems to orbits in a coadjoint representation based on Lie algebra is well-known. An analog of this procedure for quantum systems described by linear differential equations (LDEs) in partial derivatives is proposed here on the basis of the method of noncommutative integration of LDEs. As an example illustrating the procedure, an examination is made of nontrivial systems that cannot be integrated by separation of variables: the Gryachev-Chaplygin hydrostat and the Kovalevskii gyroscope. In both cases, the problem is reduced to a system with a smaller number of variables. Tomsk University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 69–74, May, 1998.     

Quadratic algebras and noncommutative integration of Klein-Gordon equations in non-steckel Riemann spaces

The method of noncommutative integration of linear partial differential equations is used to solve the Klein-Gordon equations in Riemann space, in the case when the set of noncommutating symmetry operators of this equation for a quadratic algebra consists of one second-order operator and several first-order operators. Solutions that do not permit variable separation are presented.Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 83–87, May, 1995.     

Noncommutative four-dimensional subalgebras of conformal algebra integrable in the space R1,3

D'alambert's equation is used as an example to study the possibilities of a new method of exactly integrating systems of linear differential equations — the method of noncommutative integration (NI). The results confirm that use of the NI is equivalent to complete separation of the variables in the case of four-dimensional subalgebras of conformal algebra. However, the method does simplify determination of the exact solution in this instance.Tomsk University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 120–124, February, 1995.     

Use of noncommutative integration to construct the basis of wave-equation solutions

This study continues an earlier investigation of applications of the method of noncommutative integration of linear partial differential equations [A. V. Shapovalov and I. V. Shirokov, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Fiz., No. 4, 1995; No. 5, 33 (1991)], which was a generalization of the analogous method for Hamiltonian systems. The method of noncommutative integration uses nonabelian algebra to characterize the symmetry of the equation, which makes it possible to construct exact solutions going beyond the framework of the method of separation of variables. The condition of noncommutative integrability is used to select the algebras of waveequation symmetry needed for the given method in Minkowski space R_1,2. Nonequivalent noncommutative subalgebras of conformal algebra k_1,2 are used to construct the basis of solutions of the three-dimensional wave equation.Tomsk University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 54–60, May, 1995.     

Noncommutative solutions of the d'Alembert equation

All the subalgebras of first-order symmetry operators for the d'Alembert equation, generating the bases of solutions in the method of noncommutative integration of linear differential equations, which cannot be constructed in the method of separation of variables, are found. These bases themselves are then given in explicit form. The complete systems of solutions of the d'Alembert equation, determined by noncommutative sets of first-order symmetry operators, are thereby classified. Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 25–30, June, 1998.     

Quadratic algebras in the method of noncommutative integration of the wave equation

In this paper, we continue an investigation of applications of the method of noncommutative integration of linear differential equations in partial derivatives (A. V. Shapovalov and I. V. Shirokov, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Fizika., No. 4, 116 (1991); ibid., No. 5, 100 (1991)). We demonstrate the application of quadratic algebras (allowing for second-order operators) to the problem of constructing an exact basis for solutions of the wave equation in unseparated variables. For a nontrivial example, we have integrated the three-dimensional wave equation using a nonabelian quadratic algebra.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 18–23, August, 1995.     

An interesting representation of lie algebras of linear groups

I have presented a means of getting a representation space of a general linear group ofn dimensions in terms of homogeneous functions ofn,n-dimensional vectors. Except in particular cases, the representation is of the Lie algebra, rather than the group. A general formalism is set up to evaluate the Casimir operators of the Lie algebra of the group in terms of the degrees of homogeneity of the functions (which are eigenfunctions of the Casimir operators) in then variables. It is noticed that the Casimir operators exhibit certain symmetries in these degrees of homogeneity which relate different representations having the same eigenvalues for the Casimir operators. Contour integral formulas that enable one to pass from one such representation to another are presented. An expression for the eigenvalues of a general Casimir operator in terms of the degree of homogeneity is presented.     

Integration of the dirac equation,which does not presume complete separation of variables,in Stäckel spaces

The method of noncommutative integration of linear differential equations is used to construct an exact solution of the Dirac equation, which does not presume complete separation of variables, in Stäckel spaces. The Dirac equation in an external electromagnetic field is integrated by this method, using one example. The Stäckel space under consideration does not enable one to solve this equation exactly within the framework of the theory of separation of variables.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 1, pp. 31–37, January, 1996.     

Noncommutative 5-dimensional subalgebras of a conformal algebra integrable in R1,3

The present study is concerned with the application and investigation of a new method of exact integration of systems of linear differential equations, the method of noncommutative integration. The method is based on the use of noncommutative subalgebras of symmetry for finding an exact solution. The investigation of 5-dimensional subalgebras of symmetry of the d'Alembert equation lead to the claim that there exists a class of subalgebras which generate exact solutions in explicit form but which it is not possible to obtain in explicit form by means of complete separation of the variables.Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchenbykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 115–119, June, 1995.     

Noncommutative integration of the Dirac equation in Riemann spaces possessing a group of automorphisms

Applying the method of noncommutative integration for linear differential equations, we build exact solutions for the Dirac equation in 4-dimensional Riemann spaces, which have a 5-parameter group of automorphisms and where the Klein-Gordon and the Dirac equations are nonintegrable using the technique of complete separation of variables.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 43–46, September, 1991.     

Reduction and noncommutative integration of linear differential equations

A new method is proposed for derivation of exactly integrable linear differential equations based on the theory of noncommutative integration. The equations are obtained by reduction from original equations which are integrable in the noncommutative sense, with a large number of independent variables. It is shown that the reduced equations cannot be solved by traditional methods, since they do not possess the required algebraic symmetry.V. V. Kuibyshev Tomsk State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 55–60, November, 1993.     

Integration of the Dirac Equation in Riemannian Space with Group of Motions. I

The example of a Riemannian space with four-dimensional group of motions in which generally the Dirac equation admits no separation of variables, whereas the Klein–Fock equation admits this procedure, is considered. An exact solution of the Dirac equation is found by the method of noncommutative integration. An exact solution of the Klein–Fock equation is constructed by the methods of separation of variables and noncommutative integration.     

Dynamical symmetries and conservation laws for Korteweg-de Vries equation

The KdV-equation in two space time dimensions with the set of rapidly decreasing test functions as initial conditions is treated in the setting of nonlinear group and Lie algebra representations. The topological properties of the direct and inverse scattering mappings are discussed in detail.The algebra of continuous constants of motion turns out to be generated as in the linear case by three constants of motion and an extension of a representation of the e₂ Lie algebra on space-time symmetries to its enveloping algebra. The integrability of these representations is studied.It is further proved that the “moment problem” does not have a unique solution in this setting.The existence of noncommutative algebras of smooth time independent constants of motion is pointed out.     

Noncommutative symmetric functions and laplace operators for classical Lie algebras

New systems of Laplace (Casimir) operators for the orthogonal and symplectic Lie algebras are constructed. The operators are expressed in terms of paths in graphs related to matrices formed by the generators of these Lie algebras with the use of some properties of the noncommutative symmetric functions associated with a matrix. The decomposition of the Sklyanin determinant into a product of quasi-determinants play the main role in the construction. Analogous decomposition for the quantum determinant provides an alternative proof of the known construction for the Lie algebra gl(N).     

Noncommutative coordinate picture of the quantum phase space

We illustrate an isomorphic representation of the observable algebra for quantum mechanics in terms of the functions on the projective Hilbert space, and its Hilbert space analog, with a noncommutative product in terms of explicit coordinates and discuss the physical and dynamical picture. The isomorphism is then used as a base for the translation of the differential symplectic geometry of the infinite dimensional manifolds onto the observable algebra as a noncommutative geometry. Hence, we obtain the latter from the physical theory itself. We have essentially an extended formalism of the Schr̎odinger versus Heisenberg picture which we describe mathematically as like a coordinate map from the phase space, for which we have presented argument to be seen as the quantum model of the physical space, to the noncommutative geometry coordinated by the six position and momentum operators. The observable algebra is taken essentially as an algebra of formal functions on the latter operators. The work formulates the intuitive idea that the noncommutative geometry can be seen as an alternative, noncommutative coordinate, picture of familiar quantum phase space, at least so long as the symplectic geometry is concerned.     

New realizations of Lie algebra kappa-deformed Euclidean space

We study Lie algebra κ-deformed Euclidean space with undeformed rotation algebra SO_a(n) and commuting vectorlike derivatives. Infinitely many realizations in terms of commuting coordinates are constructed and a corresponding star product is found for each of them. The κ-deformed noncommutative space of the Lie algebra type with undeformed Poincaré algebra and with the corresponding deformed coalgebra is constructed in a unified way.     

Symmetry and separation of variables in second-order differential equations. II

A definition of the complete separation of variables is given, and normal parabolic equations permitting separation of variables in any coordinate system are described; this involves the commutative algebra of differential (not higher than second order) symmetry operators of the equations. In particular, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the complete n separation of variables is formulated in covariant form with respect to arbitrary transformations of the independent variables.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 7–10, June, 1978.     

Generalizations of the Virasoro algebra and matrix Sturm–Liouville operators

We study the series of Lie algebras generalizing the Virasoro algebra introduced in [V. Yu, Ovsienko, C. Roger, Functional Anal. Appl. 30 (4) (1996)]. We show that the coadjoint representation of each of these Lie algebras has a natural geometrical interpretation by matrix differential operators generalizing the Sturm–Liouville operators.