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对《力学》中的物体自由度进行多方面分析,以深化教学、提高学生正
确分析物理问题的能力.使用实际教学分析的研究方法,在《力学》范围内讨论自由度与坐标、
自由与约束的关系并得以下结论:
(1) 同一物体的自由度随其所在的``空间'不同而不同, 不因坐标系的选取不同而
异, 在同类参考系中不因参考系的动静而有别;(2)自由度遵循叠加原理.
讨论了质点系的总自由度及相关计算问题,并指出研究《力学》中自由度的意义. 相似文献
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Tibor Javor 《Experimental Mechanics》1968,8(4):171-176
The present paper deals with development and design of new methods utilizing Wiedemann's effect for determination of state of strain in building structures. Wiedemann's effect and some features of torsional strain of magnetic field are the basis of new experimental method. Especially the point electromagnetic strain gages using the effect of pure torsion of electromagnetic field to enable universal examination. For strain-gage measurements, almost all physical quantities are used which can be related to the variation in length of the structures. From the electric strain measurements, the most commonly used methods are the measurements by resonance-wire strain gages or by electric-resistance strain gages. In this paper, electromagnetic strain gages are discussed using the Wiedemann effect, and the author describes some new measuring equipment and his own suggestions and methods based on an application of this effect. 相似文献
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It is well known that the problem on nonseparating potential flow of an incompressible fluid about an array of profiles reduces to an integral equation for a certain real function, determined on the contours of the profiles of the array. As such a function one can take, as was done, for instance, in [1–5], the relative velocity of the fluid on the profiles of the array. For arrays of profiles of arbitrary shape it is necessary to solve the corresponding integral equation numerically. In the particular examples of the calculation of aerodynamic arrays that are available [1–3] the numerical methods used were based on the approximate evaluation of contour integrals by rectangle formulas. As investigations showed, sizeable errors arose thereby in the approximate solution obtained, these being especially significant in the case of curved profiles of relatively small bulk. In the present paper a method for the numerical solution of the integral equation obtained in [5] is proposed. The method is based on the replacement of a profile of the array with an inscribed N polygon, the length of whose sides is of the order N–1 and whose internal angles are close to . Convergence with increasing N of the numerical solution to an exact solution of the integral equations at the reference points is demonstrated. Examples of the calculation are given.Novosibirsk. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 105–112, March–April, 1972. 相似文献
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An empirical ground classification system for surface mines is presented. It is designed to provide a means for determining the ease of excavation, diggability, by mechanical excavators. The background and the methodology for determining this excavation index is introduced. This index, which is suitable for rock characterization relies on the point load index of the rock, its block size as defined by the presence of discontinuities. The system is also flexible to account for the influence of weathering as well as the relative ground structure which may assist or hinder the excavation process. The economic consequences of selecting mining excavation equipment are also addressed. The Excavation Index was applied with success to 49 case studies (Hadjigergiou, J. Studies of machine ground interaction in surface mines. Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, 1993, p. 214). 相似文献
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I. M. Ametov 《Fluid Dynamics》1975,10(3):429-433
The exact solutions of the nonlinear equations of filtration of an aerated liquid have been obtained in [1–3]. In [4] the system of equations of an aerated liquid have been reduced to the heat-conduction equation under certain assumptions. An approximate method of computing the nonsteady flow of an aerated liquid is given in [5], where the real flow pattern is replaced by a computational scheme of successive change of stationary states. In [6] the same problem is solved by the method of averaging. In the present article estimates of the solution of the equations for nonstationary filtration of an aerated liquid in one-dimensional layer are constructed under certain conditions imposed on the desired functions. These estimates can be used as approximate solutions with known error or for the verification of the accuracy of different approximate methods. We note that the use of comparison theorem for the estimate of solutions of equations of nonlinear filtration is discussed in [7–9]. The methods of constructing estimates of solutions of various problems of heat conduction are given in [10, 11] 相似文献
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Kiev Institute of Construction Engineering. Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 74–80, June, 1990. 相似文献
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