利用等张比容估算乳酸离子液体同系物[C_nmim][Lact](n=2,3,4,5,6)的热力学性质

合成了基于烷基咪唑的乳酸离子液体[C4mim][Lact](1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乳酸盐),并用1HNMR和DSC作了表征.由于乳酸离子液体和水易形成氢键,用通常的办法很难除去乳酸离子液体中的杂质水.为了排除杂质水的干扰,应用了标准加入法,配制一系列含有已知微量水的乳酸离子液体样品,在308.15～343.15K温度范围,用重量法测定了这些样品的密度,用最大气泡法测定了表面张力,用折光率确定了摩尔极化度,然后外推得到无水离子液体数据.在这些实验数据基础上,利用等张比容的加和性,估算了乳酸离子液体同系物[Cnmim][Lact](n=2,3,4,5,6)的表面张力、折射率、摩尔极化度、汽化焓和热膨胀系数,与实验数据相比有较好的一致性.     

甘氨酸离子液体[C3mim][Gly]和[C4mim][Gly]水溶液的表面张力

本文用中和法合成了基于烷基咪唑的甘氨酸离子液体[C3mim][Gly]（1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体）和[c4miml[Gly]（1-丁基-3．甲基咪唑甘氨酸离子液体）,在298．15K下,0．0400-0．5000molkg^-1浓度范围内测定了不同浓度[C4mim][Oly]和[c3mim][Gly]离子液体水溶液的密度和表面张力,得到了溶液等张比容的实验值,提出了预测不同浓度溶液等张比容的经验方程,利用这个经验方程和李以圭等人提出的溶液表面张力模型,分别估算了这两种离子液体水溶液的表面张力,其估算值和实验值在误差范围内很好地吻合．     

288.15-318.15K温度范围内离子液体[C5mim][Pro]水溶液的体积和表面性质

在288.15-318.15 K温度范围内,测定了不同浓度离子液体1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑丙酸盐([C5mim][Pro])水溶液的密度和表面张力,计算了不同温度下不同浓度的溶液热膨胀系数、表观摩尔体积和溶液等张比容;根据密度实验数据计算得到溶质表观膨胀率,并与Harned和Owen提供的理论方程计算结果作了比较,两者计算结果能够很好一致;另外,本文还验证了预测溶液表面张力的经验方程,用其预测溶液的表面张力,不仅与溶液表面张力实验值在误差范围内很好一致,也与用等张比容方法预测的结果一致.     

离子液体四氟硼酸-1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑的物理化学性质的估算

根据标准加入法原理配制一系列含有已知微量水的离子液体四氟硼酸-1-戊基-3-甲基咪唑([C5mim][BF4])样品,在278.15～338.15 K温度范围内,样品的密度与其含水量呈很好线性关系. 利用外推方法确定了含水量为零时[C5mim][BF4]的密度ρ,得到了密度随温度变化的经验方程:ln ρ=0.120 11-5.79×10-4(T-298.15)和离子液体的热膨胀系数α=5.79×10-4K-1. 根据Glasser理论估算了[C5mim][BF4]的标准熵、表面能和晶格能,晶格能较小使离子液体在室温下能以液态形式存在. 利用空隙模型计算得到了[C5mim][BF4] 热膨胀系数α(计算),与实验测定值在数量级上一致,说明空隙模型有一定的合理性.     

咪唑醋酸离子液体热力学性质的理论研究

咪唑醋酸离子液体在催化、电化学、萃取等领域具有潜在的应用价值,对其热力学性质的深入研究将为其应用提供理论依据。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法和Born-Fajans-Haber (BFH)循环法对咪唑醋酸离子液体[C_nmim][OAc] (n=1-6)进行热力学性质的理论研究。计算其相变过程中的解离焓、汽化焓、熔化焓、晶格焓、溶解焓等,并与已有实验值进行比较。利用Gaussian 09程序在B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p)和M062X/TZVP两种水平下计算解离焓值,同时通过计算得到分子体积和总气相能的焓修正值,借助Matlab计算软件拟合得到汽化焓值,取得与已有实验值很好的一致性。使用Jenkins公式求得晶格能,计算得到晶格焓,最后利用BFH循环计算得到溶解焓。     

烷基磺酸阴离子无卤素离子液体的物理化学性质研究(英文)

通过一步法合成了基于1,3-二烷基咪唑阳离子和甲烷磺酸或对甲苯磺酸阴离子的无卤素离子液体,并对它们的物理化学性质如聚集行为、表面性质、热性质、密度、黏度、折光率和电化学性质等进行了详细研究.结果表明在甲烷磺酸阴离子基离子液体中观察到离子液体中普遍存在的离子簇行为;同等条件下[BEim]MS的荧光光谱强度较[BEim]TS弱;[C12Mim]MS展现出液晶行为;[TS]-基离子液体有着较高的折光率,大于1.51.     

丙氨酸离子液体[C4mim][Ala]的热化学性质

在298.15 K下利用恒温环境溶解热量计测定了一系列含有已知微量水的1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑丙氨酸盐([C₄mim][Ala])离子液体(IL)不同浓度样品的摩尔溶解焓. 借助Debye-Hückel极限项, 用外推法确定了不同含水量的[C₄mim][Ala]样品的标准摩尔溶解焓[Δ_sH_m⁰(wc)]. 随着样品中水含量的增加, Δ_sH_m⁰(wc)的绝对值下降, 将Δ_sH_m⁰(wc)对含水量作图得到很好的直线, 其截距Δ_sH_m⁰(pure IL)=-60.74 kJ/mol, 可看作是不含水的[C₄mim][Ala]标准摩尔溶解焓的估算值. 利用精密氧弹热量计测定了[C₄mim][Ala]的燃烧热, 计算得到其标准摩尔生成焓Δ_fH_m⁰=(-675±11) kJ/mol.     

锌基离子液体BMIZn2Cl5的性质研究

合成了对水和空气均稳定的锌基离子液体五氯化二锌-1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑(BMIZn2Cl5). 在313.15～343.15 K温度范围内, 测定了离子液体BMIZn2Cl5的密度和表面张力. 拟合并估算了BMIZn2Cl5的恒压热胀系数和表面熵, 并根据Glasser理论和离子液体的空隙模型, 讨论了BMIZn2Cl5的热力学性质, 估算出其晶格能和标准熵 , 计算了离子液体的恒压热胀系数α, 与实验值基本一致, 说明了空隙模型的合理性. 并利用Kabo和Rebelo的方法估算了锌基离子液体BMIZn2Cl5的正常沸点, 蒸气压, 汽化焓( )等性质参数.     

铝基离子液体BMIAlCl4的热力学性质

在高纯氩气氛下, 直接将摩尔比为1:1的高纯无水AlCl₃和BMIC(氯化1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑)搅拌混合, 得到一种无色透明的离子液体BMIAlCl₄. 在278.2～343.2 K范围内, 用最大气泡法测定了BMIAlCl₄的表面张力, 用Westphal天平法测定了该离子液体的密度；利用Glasser经验方程讨论了该离子液体的热力学性质, 并与其它离子液体作了比较. 根据空隙模型计算了BMIAlCl₄离子液体的恒压热膨胀系数, 与本文实验值基本一致, 说明空隙模型具有一定的合理性.     

离子液体BMIBF4性质的研究

用最大气泡法和韦氏天平法,在278．15～343．15K范围内测定了离子液体BMIBF4的表面张力和密度;讨论了这个离子液体的体积性质和表面性质;根据离子个头大又极不对称的特点,提出了离子液体的空隙模型．根据空隙模型计算的离子液体恒压热膨胀系数与实验值相比,偏差在10％左右。     

Prediction of thermophysical properties of novel ionic liquids based on serine [Cnmim][Ser] (n = 3, 4) using semiempirical methods

Two novel ionic liquids based on serine [C_nmim][Ser] (n = 3, 4) were prepared by the neutralization method and their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The density, surface tension, and refractive index of the two ILs were measured from T = (298.15 to 338.15) K. Since these ILs [C_nmim][Ser] (n = 3, 4) could form strong hydrogen bonds with water, small amount of water in the ILs is difficult to removed by common methods. In order to eliminate the effect of trace of water, the standard addition method (SAM) was applied to these measurements. On the basis of the experimental data, the speed of sound (μ), thermal expansion coefficient (α), molecular volume (V_m), standard entropy (S⁰298), entropy of surface (S_a), energy of surface (E_a), parachor (P), molar polarization (R_m), and polarization coefficient (α_p) were calculated, and the relationship between each of these properties of [C_nmim][Ser] (n = 3, 4) and temperatures was discussed. According to the additivity, the average value of anionic parachor, P_−(ave), was 180.81 for [Ser]⁻. At the same time, the surface tension of these serine ionic liquids could be estimated from their parachor and refractive index. The estimated values of the surface tension and the corresponding experimental data were almost identical.     

离子液体的绿色合成及环境性质

针对离子液体的绿色合成及应用过程中的环境性质,对离子液体常规合成的改进、无溶剂的微波和超声辅助合成等方面的研究进展进行了总结,对离子液体在生物体内的累积程度、离子液体的毒性和降解性等方面的研究进行了介绍。     

Zn-MOF-74负载ILs的结构稳定性和吸附研究

离子液体（ILs）作为一种新型绿色溶剂应用广泛,以多孔材料MOFs作为支撑体负载ILs,不仅有望降低离子液体的高粘性,而且有助于提高材料的吸附分离能力,但要如何选择适合MOFs体系来负载ILs是一个难点。本文采用密度泛函理论（DFT）,利用VASP和Gaussian 09 程序对负载IL（[Emim][BF4]）的Zn-MOF-74的结构稳定性进行系统研究,从几何结构、电荷分析、相互作用等方面将Zn-MOF-74@[Emim][BF4]复合体系与[Emim][BF4]和Zn-MOF-74比较分析。计算结果表明,负载[Emim][BF4]的Zn-MOF-74体系中,IL的阴离子与Zn-MOF-74的开放金属位点Zn发生强相互作用, Zn、F1原子之间因库仑力成键,造成了MOF-74配位构型的改变。IL的负载扰乱了Zn-MOF-74结构的对称性,增强了离子间相互作用。Zn-MOF-74 @[Emim][BF4]复合体系形变过程伴随着电荷转移,其吸附能为-1.032 eV,绘制的差分电荷以及相互作用图验证MOF和IL之间发生了化学吸附。进一步探讨负载离子液体的Zn-MOF-74吸附能力,研究了CO2在复合体系中吸附作用机制。     

Temperature-Dependent Surface-Enrichment Effects of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

We present the first systematic study of the influence of temperature on the degree of surface enrichment of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs). Using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the degree of surface enrichment strongly decreases with increasing temperature for all the studied ILs. For ILs with the same cation, but different anions, [C₈C₁Im]Br, [C₈C₁Im][TfO] and [C₈C₁Im][Tf₂N], no significant differences of the temperature-induced partial loss of surface enrichment are found. Measurements for [C₄C₁Im][TfO], [C₈C₁Im][TfO] and [C₁₈C₁Im][TfO] indicate a small effect of the chain length. For [C₁₈C₁Im][TfO], a continuous decrease of alkyl surface enrichment is found with increasing temperature, with no abrupt changes at the phase-transition temperature from the smectic A to the isotropic phase, indicating that the surface enrichment is not affected by this phase transition.     

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

In this study, a series of 10 novel 1-methyl-3-octyloxymethylimidazolium derivatives carrying various anionic moieties (4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, carvacroloxyacetate, chloride, formate, propionate, thymoloxyacetate, vanillinoxyacetate, eugenoloxyacetate and trimethylacetate) were synthesized. Compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against six microbe strains (Staph-ylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans), cytotoxic activity against the mouse melanoma cell line (B16 F10), and surface active properties. All synthesized compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity (expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration; in range of 0.10–27.82 mM/L), especially against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. In addition, all compounds demonstrated cytotoxicity on B16 F10 cells (IC50 values 0.0101–0.0197 mM/L). Surface properties defined as CMC values, ranged from 0.72 to 32.35 mmol L-1. The obtained results provide an insight into the promising activity of a novel group of quaternary imidazolium derivatives having ionic liquid properties. The most potent compounds, containing a thymoloxyacetate and eugenoloxyacetate moiety, could be candidates for new antimicrobial agents or surfactants.     

新型磺酸功能化离子液体理化性质的研究

合成了三类磺酸功能化离子液体,通过STA、DSC-TG、UV-Vis、运动粘度/密度计等手段考察了离子液体的热力学性质、酸度、粘度和密度等理化性质,发现离子液体阴阳离子的结构对这些理化性质有不同程度的影响,并对离子液体的结构与理化性质变化关系进行初步探讨.     

The Physical Properties of Aqueous Solutions of the Ionic Liquid [BMIM][BF4]

We report here the systematic study of the effect of concentration on the physical properties of aqueous solutions of the room-temperature ionic liquid [BMIM][BF₄]. The measurements of density, ρ, refractive index △n, viscosity η, specific conductivity κ and surface tension, γ, were made over the whole concentration range. The equivalent conductance Λ _m was calculated. The observed linear variations of density and refractive index with the molar concentration are established as those of an ideal solution. The surface tension varied most rapidly in the dilute region whereas the viscosity changed much more rapidly in the concentrated region. Two regions with different composition dependences were found after the analyses of the relationship between the conductivity and the concentration of [BMIM][BF₄]. A proposed model for a structural change in the mixtures was described. The physical origin of the observed concentration dependence of these properties is discussed. The physical properties of the solutions vary with changes of association between anions and cations and the interaction between [BMIM][BF₄] and water.     

离子液体的量化计算及分子动力学模拟研究进展

离子液体是由有机阳离子和无机/有机阴离子构成的盐类,一般在室温或接近于室温下呈液态,因此常被称为室温离子液体(RTIL).依据不同的划分标准,离子液体有多种分类方式:根据年代的不同可将离子液体分为第一代、第二代及第三代离子液体,例如:烷基咪唑和烷基吡啶的金属卤化物盐等[1];根据阳离子的不同可将离子液体分为季鏻