Belle实验观测到新类粲偶素结构

利用在Υ(nS)(n=1,2,4,5)共振态及其附近采集的大量数据,Belle实验测量了末态中含两个矢量粒子的双光子过程γγ→J/ψ和ωJ/ψ.在这两个过程中,发现了两个窄共振结构X(4350)和X(3915).这两个新结构的性质目前尚不清楚,可能是普通粲偶素粒子,也可能是含一对粲夸克和一对轻夸克的四夸克态,或含一对粲夸克和一个激发胶子的混杂态,或是由其他未知的动力学原因造成的奇特结构.Belle同时发现在γγ→J/ψ过程中,不存在显著的Y(4140)的信号,实验结果与将Y(4140)解释为四夸克态的部分理论预期有较大差异.     

新的粲素粒子

<正>两个粒子物理实验室的物理学家们独立地发现了一种新的神秘强子的证据。这种名为Zc(3900)的粒子,好像是一种"带电的粲素",是由以前所未见的一种方式组合起来的夸克组成的。对Zc(3900)粒子的进一步研究可能提供关于将夸克束缚在强子内的强力的信息。粲素是重介子,含有一个粲夸克和一个反粲夸克。由于是复合粒子,因而可以处于几种不同的能态。其中最著名的就是其第一激发态,称为J/Ψ粒     

在B介子衰变中找到了下落不明的粲偶素

日本ＫＥＫＢ正负电子对撞机上的Ｂｅｌｌｅ国际合作组首次在Ｂ介子强衰变中观察到了长期下落不明的粲偶素 ηｃ(2Ｓ)粒子 .粲偶素是正反粲夸克成对组成的一类介子 .重夸克势模型很早预言了这类粒子不同能态的所有成员 :在相应于质心系能量 3 73ＧｅＶ的粲阈以下 ,具有径向量子数ｎ =1及 2的成员应有 8名 ,实验观察到了其中 6名成员———ηｃ,Ｊ ψ ,ψ(2Ｓ) ,χｃ0 ,χｃ1 及χｃ2 粒子 ;另外两名成员一直下落不明 ,ηｃ(2Ｓ)粒子就是其中之一 .美国ＳＰＥＡＲ正负电子对撞机上的晶体球实验组曾于 1982年在 ψ(2Ｓ)的单举光子谱中观察到一…     

关于J/ψ辐射衰变产生胶球态的另一种机制

基于粲夸克偶素J/ψ质量大而寿命长的特征的物理内涵和对胶球态产生条件的理解,提出了J/ψ→Gb+γ过程产生胶球态的另一种机制,即认为胶球态Gb来自J/ψ中的组分粲夸克对c_con.(c_con.)分别转变为流粲夸克对c_{cur.(ccur.)时所发射的色八重态胶团对的融合,而余下的流粲夸克对再湮没为光子γ.通过用此模型的计算,讨论了ΓJ/ψ→Gb+γ与有关参数值的关系,并与J/ψ辐射衰变中通过两个末态胶子的强子化产生胶球的机制作出了对比.}     

胶子遮蔽和末态作用对p—A碰撞中粲偶素和b夸克偶素产额压低的贡献

本文用胶子结构函数的遮蔽效应和末态作用分析了在p-A碰撞中粲偶素和b夸克偶素产额压低的实验数据,较好地描述了粲偶素和b夸克偶素产额的压低与A和X2的关系.     

粲夸克偶素强衰变之谜

北京正负电子对撞机的最新实验研究结果在高灵敏度水平上展出了粲夸克偶素物理中的强衰变之谜，新反常衰变道的发现突破了这个谜的原有图像，对理论提出了新的挑战。     

胶子遮蔽和末态作用对p—A碰撞中粲偶素和b夸克偶素产额压低的贡献

本文用胶子结构函数的遮蔽效应和末态作用分析了在ｐ－Ａ碰撞中粲偶素和ｂ夸克偶素产额压低的实验数据，较好地描述了粲偶素和ｂ夸克偶素产额的压低与Ａ和Ｘ２的关系．     

Belle实验上发现新的矢量粒子

Belle实验在Y(4s)共振态及其附近采集了大量数据,利用初态辐射(ISR)的方法,测量了e e-→π π-J/ψ,π π-ψ(2S)和K K-J/ψ等过程从阈值到5.5 GeV间的产生截面.证实了BaBar合作组发现的Y(4260)和Y(4360)的存在,并更新了其共振参数,同时发现了Y(4008)和Y(4660)两个共振结构.以上观测与已知的粲偶素粒子性质不同,可能是新的粲偶素态,也可能是粲偶素混杂态,或者由其他未知的动力学原因造成.     

强电场对夸克胶子等离子体中粲夸克偶素演化的影响(英文)

在极端相对论重离子碰撞中,高速运动的重离子会产生很强的电场。在碰撞的早期电场强度大小在eE~m_π2的量级。在夸克胶子等离子体中,强电场将会对粲夸克偶素的演化产生巨大的影响。我们用含时薛定谔方程计算夸克胶子等离子体中由高速运动电荷所产生强电场对重夸克偶素演化的影响。此电场可以导致不同角动量态之间的跃迁。为了研究此效应,比较了有电场和无电场情况下J/ψ、ψ'以及χ_c的产额。计算结果表明,在碰撞早期电场会导致J/ψ解离;同时,χ_c也由电场导致的J/ψ的跃迁而产生。     

BESⅢ实验首次观测到Y(4260)→γX(3872)辐射跃迁

<正>随着我国北京正负电子对撞机(BEPCII)上的北京谱仪(BESIII)实验和日本高能加速器研究机构(KEK)的Belle实验发现带电奇特强子态ZC(3900)[1],研究奇特态粒子成为粒子物理学研究领域中当前最热门的课题之一。究竟什么是奇特态粒子呢?这还得追溯到基本粒子的结构。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.