NPB/Alq3有机量子阱光电特性研究

利用热蒸发的方法制备了有机量子阱发光器件和Alq3单层发光器件,其中NPB(N,N′-Di-[(lnaphthalenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine)作垒层,Alq3(Tris-(8-quinolinolato) aluminum)作阱层,量子阱结构类似于无机半导体的Ⅱ型量子阱结构.实验发现有机量子阱发光器件结构中存在垒层向阱层的F(o)rster无辐射共振能量转移,具有良好的电流-电压特性,光谱的窄化及蓝移,并且光谱的蓝移程度随电压的增大而逐渐增强.     

利用p型掺杂技术制备的高效有机电致发光器件

利用氧化钼(MoO_x)作为p型掺杂剂,以掺杂层4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl(CBP):MoO_x作为空穴注入层,制备了一种结构为ITO/MoO_x/CBP:MoO_x/CBP/CBP:tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(III)(Ir(ppy)₃)/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(Bphen)/LiF/Al的有机电致发光器件.器件中CBP同时作为空穴注入层、空穴传输层以及发光层母体材料,这种结构具有结构简单同时能有效降低空穴注入势垒等优点.研究发现,随着空穴注入层厚度的增加,器件的电流密度增加,表明p型掺杂层的引入能够有效增强空穴的注入;通过优化器件空穴注入层与空穴传输层厚度,器件性能有所提高,最大电流效率为29.8 cd/A,可以认为合理的优化空穴注入层和空穴传输层的厚度,使载流子在发光层中的分布更加平衡是提高器件发光效率的主要原因.值得指出的是,从电流效率最大值到亮度为 20 000 cd/m²时,优化后器件的效率衰减仅为17.7%,而常规器件的效率衰减则为62.1%,优化后器件效率衰减现象得到了明显的改善.分析认为优化后的器件中未掺杂的CBP有助于展宽激子形成区宽度,进而减弱了三线态-三线态湮灭、三线态-极化子淬灭现象,激子形成区的展宽是改善效率衰减的主要原因.     

基于量子阱结构的混合型白光有机发光器件

以荧光材料BePP2结合量子阱作为蓝光发射层,磷光材料GIrl和R-4B掺入到混合双极性主体材料CBP∶Bphen中分别作为绿、红发光层并且在红绿发光层中引入间隔层TPBI,组合得到发白光的混合型有机发光器件。其中量子阱是以BePP2作为势阱、TCTA为势垒。结果表明:当势垒层数为2时,器件的最大发光亮度和电流效率分别为21 682.5 cd/m2和23.73 cd/A;当电压从7 V增加到14 V时,色坐标从(0.345,0.350)变化到(0.340,0.342)。与无量子阱结构的参考器件相比,势垒层数为2的器件的最大功率效率为8.07 lm/W,色坐标变化相对最小为±(0.005,0.008),还有一个高的显色指数83。     

间隔层对双发光层白色有机电致发光器件性能的影响

采用蓝色bis (FIrpic)和黄色bis iridium(acetylacetonate) 两种磷光染料,制备了双发光层结构的白色有机电致发光器件,器件结构为ITO/TAPC (30 nm)/host: (t-bt)₂Ir(acac) /spacer (x nm)/host: FIrpic (15 nm, 8%)/Bphen (40 nm)/Mg∶Ag (200 nm)。分别选用p型1,1-bis cyclohexane (TAPC)和n型tris borane (3TPYMB)作为主体材料制备了两种类型的器件,通过在两个发光层之间加入一层较薄的间隔层进行器件优化。结果表明,加入间隔层之后,器件性能得到提高,获得了色稳定性较好的白光器件。当主体为TAPC时,使用间隔层后器件取得最大亮度为19 550 cd/m²,最大电流效率为8.3 cd/A;当主体为3TPYMB时,使用间隔层后器件的最大亮度为1 950 cd/m²,最大电流效率为30.7 cd/A。实验结果表明,器件性能的提高,是由于加入了间隔层之后载流子复合区域拓宽,促进了发光层中电子和空穴的平衡。     

有机多层阱结构中光谱蓝移的研究

为了研究有机多层阱结构中光谱蓝移的原因,制备了以N,N′-Di-[(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) 为垒层和以Tris-(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(Alq3) 为阱层的有机多层阱结构器件.利用光致发光的方法,对具有不同周期及不同阱层厚度的有机多层阱结构器件进行研究.分析认为有机多层阱结构中的光谱蓝移是由于光谱重叠造成的,而并非量子尺寸效应或激子限制效应.     

超薄发光层结构的荧光型白光有机发光器件

使用蓝、绿、红超薄发光层结构来制备荧光型非掺杂白光器件,其器件结构为ITO/MoO3(5 nm)/TCTA(40 nm)/C545T(1 nm)/TCTA(2 nm)/BePP2(1 nm)/Bphen(2 nm)/DCJTB(1 nm)/Bphen(30 nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(1 000 nm).白光器件的最大发光亮度和电流效率分别为16 154.73 cd/m2和11.58 cd/A.在电压为7V时,器件的色坐标为(0.322 2,0.335 1),而且色坐标在大的电压变化范围内的变化值仅为(0.017 4,0.002 9).与掺杂结构的白光器件相比,超薄发光层结构的白光器件拥有高的电流效率和稳定的电致发光光谱,原因是超薄发光层结构的载流子捕获效应能使激子有效限制在复合区域内.     

有机多层阱结构中光谱蓝移的研究

为了研究有机多层阱结构中光谱蓝移的原因,制备了以N,N′-Di-[(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) 为垒层和以Tris-(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(Alq3) 为阱层的有机多层阱结构器件.利用光致发光的方法,对具有不同周期及不同阱层厚度的有机多层阱结构器件进行研究.分析认为有机多层阱结构中的光谱蓝移是由于光谱重叠造成的,而并非量子尺寸效应或激子限制效应.     

插入电荷控制层对蓝色OLED发光性能的提高

用蓝色有机荧光材料N6,N6,N12,N12-tetrap-tolylchrysene-6,12-diamine(DNCA)作为发光层,在发光层中间以及发光层与电子传输层之间插入2-methyl-9,10-di(2-napthyl)anthracene(MADN)和9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene(ADN)作为电荷控制层,制备了结构为ITO/NPB(40 nm)/DNCA(15 nm)/MADN(3nm)/DNCA(15 nm)/ADN(3 nm)/Bphen(30 nm)/LiF(0.8 nm)/Al(120 nm)的蓝色有机电致发光器件(OLED)。该器件的最大电流效率和最大亮度分别为5.6 cd/A和23 310 cd/m2。与传统的单发光层器件相比,最大电流效率和最大亮度分别提高了70%和87%。器件发光性能的提高可归结于两个电荷控制层在整个器件中的协同作用。第一电荷控制层MADN的作用主要是将发光层区域分成两个部分,从而扩大了激子在发光层中的复合区域;第二电荷控制层ADN可以有效地将空穴限制在发光层中,避免了激子在电子传输层中形成的无辐射跃迁从而提高了器件的发光性能。     

插入电荷控制层对蓝色OLED发光性能的提高

用蓝色有机荧光材料N⁶,N⁶,N¹²,N¹²-tetrap-tolylchrysene-6,12-diamine （DNCA）作为发光层,在发光层中间以及发光层与电子传输层之间插入2-methyl-9,10-di（2-napthyl）anthracene （MADN） 和9,10-di（2-naphthyl）anthracene （ADN） 作为电荷控制层,制备了结构为ITO/NPB（40 nm）/DNCA（15 nm）/MADN（3 nm）/DNCA（15 nm）/ADN（3 nm）/Bphen（30 nm）/LiF（0.8 nm）/Al（120 nm）的蓝色有机电致发光器件（OLED）。该器件的最大电流效率和最大亮度分别为5.6 cd/A和23 310 cd/m²。与传统的单发光层器件相比,最大电流效率和最大亮度分别提高了70%和87%。器件发光性能的提高可归结于两个电荷控制层在整个器件中的协同作用。第一电荷控制层MADN的作用主要是将发光层区域分成两个部分,从而扩大了激子在发光层中的复合区域;第二电荷控制层ADN可以有效地将空穴限制在发光层中,避免了激子在电子传输层中形成的无辐射跃迁从而提高了器件的发光性能。     

一种基于蓝色荧光与磷光敏化技术的高显色指数白光有机电致发光器件的制备

通过采用4,4'-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)-1,1'-biphenyl (BCzVBi)为蓝色荧光发光单元,绿色磷光材料fac tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium 敏化红色荧光材料4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-tert-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidin-4-yl-vinyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB)为混合黄色发光单元,制备了一组白光有机电致发光器件。通过对染料掺杂浓度的优化,以及引入适当厚度的4,4-N,N-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP)作为中间层,获得了高效率、高显色指数的白光有机电致发光器件。器件在100 cd/m²亮度下的最高显色指数达到了90,此时的色坐标为(0.32,0.32), 非常接近白光等能点。该组器件的最大电流效率达到了11.00 cd/A,相应器件的最大亮度为13 330 cd/m²。     

Lighting object-based nondoped-type white organic light-emitting diode with N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-(1,1'-benzidine)-4,4'-diamine as the chromaticity-tuning layer

We demonstrate a nondoped white organic light-emitting diode in which the blue, green, and red emissions are generated from 4,4(')-bis(2,2(')-diphenylvinyl)-1,1(')-biphenyl, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum, and a submonolayer of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7- tetramethyl-julolidyl 9-enyl)-4H-pyran layers, respectively. A thin layer of N,N(')-diphenyl-N,N(')-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1(')-benzidine)-4,4(')-diamine (NPB), which differed from the traditional hole-transporting layer, was introduced into the device. The thickness of this thin NPB layer was changed to tune the chromaticity and optimize the white color quality. The white device with a 3 nm chromaticity-tuning NPB layer gives the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage-1931 xy coordinate of (0.327, 0.336), a color rendering index of 90.2, a maximum luminance of 19,096 cd/m(2), and a maximum current efficiency of 4.12 cd/A. The electroluminescence mechanism of the white device was also discussed.     

Nondoped phosphorescent organic quantum well light-emitting device based on iridium complex: Synthesis, characterization, photophysical property, and electroluminescence performance

In this paper, we report a phosphorescent Ir(III) emitter of Ir(acac)(F-BT)₂, where acac=acetylacetonate and F-BT=2-(2-fluorophenyl)benzo[d]thiazole, including its crystal structure, electronic nature, photophysical characteristics, thermal, and electrochemical properties. Data suggest that Ir(acac)(F-BT)₂ is a promising emitter with high quantum yield of 0.61 and good thermal stability, along with its proper energy levels for charge carrier transportation. Multiple quantum well (MQW) structured OLEDs using Ir(acac)(F-BT)₂ as emitter are also fabricated, and their electroluminescence (EL) are investigated in detail. The optimal EL device with 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl as potential well layer shows a maximum luminance of 85,500 cd/cm² and a peak current efficiency of 31.5 cd/A, and the efficiency roll-off is efficiently reduced.     

Solution-processed white organic light-emitting diodes with mixed-host structures

Efficient white light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) were fabricated with a solution-processed single emission layer composed of a molecular and polymeric material mixed-host (MH). The main host used was a blue-emitting molecular material of 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi) and the assisting host used was a hole-transport-type polymer of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). By co-doping 4,4′-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl and 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphacene into the MH, the performances of the fabricated devices made with different mixing ratio of host materials were investigated, and were to depend on the mixing ratios. Under the optimal PVK:DPVBi ratio (3:7), we achieved a maximum luminance of 14 110 cd/m² and a maximum current efficiency of 9.5 cd/A. These improvements were attributed to the MH structure, which effectively improved the thermal stability of spin-coated film and enhanced the hole-injection/transporting properties of WOLEDs.     

以联苯乙烯衍生物为发光层的蓝色有机发光二极管特性的研究

以一种新型联苯乙烯衍生物NPVBi作为发光层，制备了结构为：ITO／TPD／NPVBi/Alq3/LiF/Al的有机薄膜电致发光器件，其中TPD厚度保持为50nm,NPVBi与Alq3厚度之和保持为50nm。通过调节NPVBi与Alq3的厚度，获得了色纯度较好的NPVBi蓝色电致发光，最高亮度为708cd/m^2，最大流明效率为1.13lm/W。结果表明，发光层NPVBi和电子传输层Alq3的厚度对器件的发光特性有显著的影响。     

超低效率滚降顶发射白光有机电致发光器件

利用Ag/tris-（8-hydroxyquinoline） aluminum（Alq₃）/Ag/Alq₃/Ag这一金属/有机半导体多层结构作为阳极,实现了超低效率滚降的顶发射白光器件。在该器件中,我们在蓝光和橙光发光单元之间引入一个薄的4,4′-bis（9-carbazolyl）-2,2′-biphenyl（CBP）层,从而减少橙光发光层与蓝光发光层的Dexter能量传递,用以改善白光器件发光光谱及效率。通过优化微腔设计,实现了对橙光磷光材料发射的调控。最终,我们获得了在60 000 cd/m²亮度下效率滚降仅为17%的顶发射白光器件。在效率方面,虽然顶发射白光器件与底发射白光器件不相上下,但由于微腔效应的存在,顶发射白光器件的效率滚降却远低于底发射白光器件的效率滚降。     

Low voltage red phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with triphenylphosphine oxide and 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl electron transport layers

We have developed red phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices operating at low voltages by using triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph₃PO) and 4,4′-bis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi) electron transport layers. 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP) and tris-(1-phenylisoquinolinolato-C²,N) iridium(III) [Ir(piq)₃] were used as host and guest materials, respectively. Small voltage drops across the electron transport layers and direct injection of holes from 4,4′,4″-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA) hole transport layer into the Ir(piq)₃ guests are responsible for the high current density at low voltage, resulting in a high luminance of 1000 cd/m² at low voltages of 2.8–3.0 V in devices with a structure of ITO/2-TNATA/CBP:Ir(piq)₃/DPVBi/Ph₃PO/LiF/Al.     

发光层和空穴传输层对白色电致发光器件性能的影响

利用电子传输性能良好的苯并噻唑螯合锌(Zn(BTZ)₂)作为蓝光层，通过设计不同类型的空穴传输层并试验不同厚度的发光层后，制作了一种最佳厚度的双发光层白色电致发光器件：氧化铟锡(ITO)/N-N′-双(3-甲基苯基)-N-N′-二苯基-1-1′-二苯基-4-4′-二胺(TPD)∶N,N′-二(1-萘基)-N,N′-二苯基-1,1′-联苯-4-4′-二胺(NPB)(1∶0.0 关键词： 厚度 空穴传输层 白光 载流子     

Solution-processed white organic light-emitting devices based on small-molecule materials

We investigated solution-processed films of 4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-1,1′-bibenyl (DPVBi) and its blends with N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (TPD) by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM result shows that the solution-processed films are pin-free and their morphology is smooth enough to be used in OLEDs. We have developed a solution-processed white organic light-emitting device (WOLEDs) based on small-molecules, in which the light-emitting layer (EML) was formed by spin-coating the solution of small-molecules on top of the solution-processed hole-transporting layer. This WOLEDs, in which the EML consists of co-host (DPVBi and TPD), the blue dopant (4,4′-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl) and the yellow dye (5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphtacene), has a current efficiency of 6.0 cd/A at a practical luminance of 1000 cd/m², a maximum luminance of 22500 cd/m², and its color coordinates are quite stable. Our research shows a possible approach to achieve efficient and low-cost small-molecule-based WOLEDs, which avoids the complexities of the co-evaporation process of multiple dopants and host materials in vacuum depositions.     

Efficient fluorescent white organic light-emitting devices with a reduced efficiency roll-off based on a blue ambipolar fluorescent emitter

White organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) with fluorescent donor-acceptor-substituted spirobifluorene compounds (red 2-diphenylamino-7-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-9,9′-spirobifluorene and blue 2-diphenylamino-7-(2,2-diphenylvinyl)-9,9′-spirobifluorene) have been fabricated. The optimized WOLEDs shows a maximum current efficiency 5.9 cd/A and very low efficiency roll-off. From the brightness at maximum current efficiency to high brightness of 10000 cd/m², the current efficiency roll-off is only 0.4%. It can be attributed to the ambipolar blue fluorescent emitter with voltage-independnet mobility which makes the device having a broader charge recombination zone and balance of carrier transport.