界面摩擦过程非连续能量耗散机理研究

结合无磨损界面摩擦微观能量耗散机理的复合振子模型,运用量子理论建立了微观能量耗散的量子力学模型.分析表明：在滑动过程中,当界面原子从一种平衡态跳跃至另一种平衡态时,摩擦功以离散形式耗散为界面原子热振子,且界面吸收能量的能力是离散的;高能态界面较低能态界面吸收能量的能力强,表现为易于吸收界面势能.界面原子吸收和释放能量的离散性在宏观上表现为摩擦功耗散的非连续性,为从微观角度解释无磨损界面摩擦状态周期性变化提供了理论基础. 关键词： 摩擦 非连续能量耗散 复合振子模型     

A1/GaAs界面微结构的慢正电子束研究

基于正电子扩散方程,对于线形全吸收型等特殊的界面模型,求得了正电子湮没辐射多普勒展宽S参数与单能慢正电子入射能量E之间函数关系S(E)的解析表达式.测量不同膜厚、不同退火条件下A1/GaAs的S(E),用所得解析式拟合实验数据,发现A1/GaAs界面系统与线形全吸收型界面模型符合得很好.通过拟合,得出了界面S参数S₁及其与膜厚和退火温度的关系,由此对界面微结构及其动力学特性作了讨论.     

吸收对垂直腔面发射激光器光学特性的影响

采用光学传输矩阵方法，详细分析了反射镜以及键合界面的吸收对垂直腔面发射激光器光学特性的影响. 结果表明，反射镜以及键合界面的吸收对反射镜和垂直腔面发射激光器的反射率和势透射率有较大影响，而对反射镜中心波长处的反射相移以及垂直腔面发射激光器模式的反射相移和模式位置影响很小. 随着反射镜以及键合界面的吸收增大，反射镜中心波长处的反射率逐渐减小，垂直腔面发射激光器的模式反射率变化则是先急剧减小，达到一个极小值，然后再逐渐增大，而反射镜中心波长处以及垂直腔面发射激光器模式处的势透射率则都是迅速降低的. 此外，将有吸收的键合界面离有源区的距离远一些，有利于提高垂直腔面发射激光器模式处的光输出效率.     

光学薄膜吸收损耗的研究

用横向光热偏转技术研究光学薄膜的吸收损耗.结果表明:对ZrO_2、MgF_2、ZnS等单层膜,薄膜-基底界面吸收、空气-薄膜界面吸收以及薄膜体内吸收三者处于同一量级,而对TiO_2、Ta_2O_5、SiO_2等样品,薄膜-基底界面吸收远大于空气-薄膜界面吸收及薄膜体内吸收,是吸收损耗的主要来源.     

荧光再吸收对固体荧光制冷的影响

 建立了荧光再吸收的蒙特卡罗计算模型,对不同尺寸的Yb³⁺:ZBLANP玻璃材料的荧光再吸收作用进行了数值计算,给出了由于再吸收作用引起的荧光平均波长红移与界面反射和材料尺寸的关系。对于立方体形状,当材料尺寸较小时由界面全反射引起的荧光平均波长红移量占主要部分;随着尺寸的变大,界面全反射的影响相对变小;材料尺寸在0.1~1.0 cm时,由于荧光再吸收作用导致的荧光平均波长红移量在2.6~5.0 nm范围内。随激发光波长的变化绝对制冷效率和单位长度的制冷功率均存在极大值,荧光平均波长红移使制冷效率明显下降,通过减小材料尺寸、改变材料形状等措施可减小荧光再吸收作用对激光冷却固体的不利的影响。     

PVK/SiO2纳米粒子复合体系能量传递的研究

通过溶胶反应在乙醇溶液中合成了60nm的SiO2纳米粒子，将其与聚乙烯咔唑（PVK）共混，得到了不同质量分数的PVK／SiO2复合体系，利用荧光光谱，吸收光谱，研究了PVK／SiO2复合体系的荧光效应，光致发光的研究表明在PVK与SiO2纳米粒子之间存在界面能量传递过程，这种能量传递的必要条件是PVK的发射谱与SiO2纳米粒子的吸收谱有重叠，以上研究表明PVK／SiO2复合体系存在较强的界面效应，是研究有机与无机纳米体系界面效应的良好模型。     

CO2吸收过程Rayleigh对流传质特性格子-Boltzmann模拟

在化工吸收过程中，浓度梯度导致的Rayleigh对流对气液界面传质具有重要影响，但其强化传质机理尚不明确。本文采用格子Boltzmann方法研究乙醇与甲醇吸收CO2过程Rayleigh对流传质特性，将模拟图像与实验观测结果进行对比，并采用不同传质模型对气液传质通量进行分析。结果表明：模拟得到的Rayleigh对流结构形状、形态演变等与实验结果具有良好的一致性；界面传质扰动是Rayleigh对流发生的必要条件，在扰动强度10^-6≤C_D≤10^-5kg/m³区间内，Rayleigh对流临界时间与理论预测值的最大误差约10%;Rayleigh对流的发生及演化过程可分为三个阶段：扩散传质阶段、Rayleigh对流起始阶段、Rayleigh对流演化阶段；对气液传质通量进行预测时，表面散度模型的预测效果优于小涡模型，但表面散度模型预测结果与模拟传质通量具有1 s的相位差，速度与浓度场并不完全同步；基于Rayleigh对流发生及演化过程的分阶段性，提出混合模型描述Rayleigh对流传质特性，该模型对传质通量预测的...     

固体间界面的物理模型和界面对声波的反射

简要描述了模拟两固体间界面特性的弹簧模型，该模型最早是根据静力学方法提出的，后来用固体间界面薄层的声波反射方法加以改进，从界面弹簧模型可以方便地得到界面外近似边界条件，其中包含界面“弹簧”振子的劲度常数和质量，文章还给出了两相间固体中界面声反射系数的表达式，介绍了测量界面劲度常数的超声反射谱方法。最后讨论了仍关声波与界面相互作用研究领域中最近的一些研究进展。     

冲击压缩下金属/窗口界面热弛豫过程的热阻模型研究

 研究了金属/窗口界面在冲击压缩下的热弛豫过程。从热阻模型出发，给出了弛豫时间常数与界面热阻以及材料热输运系数之间的函数关系。讨论了本文模型与Grover和Urtiew模型之间的关系。对两种不同的实验记录图像进行了解释，对产生界面热阻的原因进行了初步分析。     

探地雷达数值模拟中广义完全匹配层吸收边界条件的模拟分析

探讨探地雷达正演模拟中,应用广义完全匹配层(GPML)吸收边界条件时的模拟效果.利用时域有限差分(FDTD)法将麦克斯韦方程离散化,再采用Mur超吸收边界条件和GPML吸收边界条件吸收向外的电磁波,模拟充水岩溶的雷达图像;同时,采用GPML吸收边界条件模拟多个圆柱体异常模型和倾斜界面异常模型的探地雷达剖面图像.对模拟结果的分析可知,GPML吸收边界条件可有效地吸收向外的电磁波,其吸收效果优于Mur超吸收边界条件,在探地雷达的应用中可推广应用.     

Coupling of finite element acoustic absorption models

A procedure is given which is to be followed when linking an acoustic finite element model to an absorption model. The procedure ensures both equality of pressure and compatibility of the normal velocity at the interface boundary. It is illustrated and tested by applying it to a one dimensional acoustic absorption system to calculate the absorption coefficient. Good agreement with an exact solution is shown.     

The secondary X-ray fluorescence and absorption near the interface of multi-material: Case of EDS microanalysis

A simple model is proposed to take into account secondary X-ray fluorescence and absorption effects near the interface. This model is based on the investigation of the shape change of the first derivative equation that can fit the sigmoidal EDS profile obtained when a high vacuum electron beam passes through the interface of two adjacent materials. The contribution of the photoelectric absorption of primary X-rays (characteristic and Bremsstrahlung) and the secondary fluorescence on the degradation of the X-ray spatial resolution can be easily quantified. The close agreement between the simulated (Monte Carlo simulation using the Casino software) and the experimental data serves to assess the reliability of this developed model.     

吸收层特性和异质结界面电荷对12.5 μm长波HgCdTe光伏探测器响应率的影响研究

研究了12.5 μm长波HgCdTe探测器的吸收层厚度和异质结界面电荷对器件光响应率的影响.分析了吸收层厚度与吸收长度、扩散长度之间的联系,获得了设计最佳吸收层厚度的经验公式.研究结果显示入射光波长超过截止波长时,响应率随吸收层厚度增加单调增加,并逐渐饱和.响应率峰值对应的波长随吸收层厚度增加,有向长波偏移的趋势.最佳吸收层厚度值随少子寿命或入射光波长的增大而增大.同时,研究了衬底、钝化层与HgCdTe材料之间异质界面电荷对光响应率的影响,发现正的界面电荷在衬底异质结界面处形成诱导pn结,对响应率影响显著 关键词： 长波HgCdTe器件 光伏型红外探测器 光响应率 少子寿命     

Optimization of absorption in InAs/InxGa1-xSb superlattices for long-wavelength infrared detection

The linear absorption coefficient of InAs/In_xGa_1-xSb superlattices is optimized based on an 8×8 envelope-function approximation (EFA) model. The effect of layer widths, indium content, buffer choice, substrate orientation, interface type, layer growth order, piezoelectricity, and layer width variations on the cutoff wavelength and the linear absorption coefficient is investigated. We propose specific superlattice parameters that optimize absorption for superlattices grown on GaSb at three cutoff wavelengths.     

Characterization of Interfacial Stress Transfer Ability by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Cellulose Fiber Based Composite Materials

The stress transfer ability at the fiber–matrix interface of wood fiber composites is known to affect the mechanical properties of the composite. The evaluation of interface properties at the level of individual fibers is however difficult due to the small dimensions and variability of the fibers. The dynamical mechanical properties of composite and constituents, in this case wood fibers and polylactide matrix, was here used together with micromechanical modeling to quantify the stress transfer efficiency at the fiber–matrix interface. To illustrate the methodology, a parameter quantifying the degree of imperfection at the interface was identified by inverse modeling using a micromechanical viscoelastic general self-consistent model with an imperfect interface together with laminate analogy on the composite level. The effect of moisture was assessed by comparison with experimental data from dynamic mechanical analysis in dry and moist state. For the wood fiber reinforced polylactide, the model shows that moisture absorption led to softening and mechanical dissipation in the hydrophilic wood fibers and biothermoplastic matrix, rather than loss of interfacial stress transfer ability.     

Indirect laser etching of fused silica: Towards high etching rate processing

The indirect laser processing approach (LIBWE) laser-induced backside wet etching allows defined microstructuring of transparent materials at low laser fluences with high quality. The optical and the thermal properties of the solid/liquid interface determine the temperatures and therefore the etching mechanism in conjunction with the dynamic processes at the interface due to the fast heating/cooling rates. The exploration of organic liquid solvents and solutions such as 0.5 M pyrene/toluene results in low etch rates (∼20 nm/pulse). By means of liquid metals as absorber here, demonstrated for gallium (Ga), etch rates up to 600 nm/pulse can be achieved. Regardless of the high etch rates a still smooth surface similar to etching with organic liquid solutions can be observed. A comparative study of the two kinds of absorbing liquids, organic and metallic, investigates the etch rates regarding the fluence and pulse quantity. Thereby, the effect of incubation processes as result of surface modification on the etching is discussed. In contrast to pyrene/toluene solution the metallic absorber cannot decompose and consequently no decomposition products can alter the solid/liquid interface to enhance the absorption for the laser radiation. Hence, incubation can be neglected in the case of the silica/gallium interface so that this system is a suitable model to investigate the primary processes of LIBWE. To prove the proposed thermal etch mechanism an analytical temperature model based on a solution of the heat equation is derived for laser absorption at the silica/gallium interface.     

The influence of laser-induced surface modifications on the backside etching process

Spectroscopic measurements in the UV/VIS region show reduced transmission through laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) of fused silica. Absorption coefficients of up to 10⁵ cm⁻¹ were calculated from the transmission measurements for a solid surface layer of about 50 nm. The temperatures near the interface caused by laser pulse absorption, which were analytically calculated using a new thermal model considering interface and liquid volume absorption, can reach 10⁴ K at typical laser fluences. The high absorption coefficients and the extreme temperatures give evidence for an ablation-like process that is involved in the LIBWE process causing the etching of the modified near-surface region. The confinement of the ablation/etching process to the modified near-surface material region can account for the low etch rates observed in comparison to front-side ablation.     

单层膜体吸收与界面吸收研究

采用热透镜测量方法进行了SiO₂和HfO₂单层膜的体吸收与界面吸收分离研究.首先推导了光从薄膜侧及基底侧入射时单层膜内的驻波场分布,给出了单一厚度薄膜分离体吸收和界面吸收的计算方程式以及求解薄膜消光系数的方法.利用电子束蒸发工艺制备了半波长光学厚度(λ=1064 nm)的SiO₂和HfO₂单层膜,通过热透镜的测量数据实际分离了两种薄膜的体吸收和界面总吸收.计算结果表明,对于吸收小至10^{-6关键词： 驻波场理论 光热技术 薄膜吸收 消光系数}     

Laser beam transmission and focusing inside media

A mathematical model for analyzing laser beam transmission and focusing inside media is developed. The reflection and refraction on the interface between two different media and the absorption inside media are considered. Based on the mathematical model a computer program, which allows us to analyze the focusing and transmission processes of laser beam as well as to obtain the beam parameters and intensity profile inside media, is created.