Information Architecture for Data Disclosure

Preserving confidentiality of individuals in data disclosure is a prime concern for public and private organizations. The main challenge in the data disclosure problem is to release data such that misuse by intruders is avoided while providing useful information to legitimate users for analysis. We propose an information theoretic architecture for the data disclosure problem. The proposed framework consists of developing a maximum entropy (ME) model based on statistical information of the actual data, testing the adequacy of the ME model, producing disclosure data from the ME model and quantifying the discrepancy between the actual and the disclosure data. The architecture can be used both for univariate and multivariate data disclosure. We illustrate the implementation of our approach using financial data.     

On the periodic solutions for both nonlinear differential and difference equations: A unified approach

A direct and unifying scheme for disclosure of periodic wave solutions of both nonlinear differential and difference equations is presented. The scheme is based on Hirota's bilinear form and certain Riemann theta function formulae. The relations between the periodic wave solutions and soliton solutions are rigorously established.     

Computer Retrieval of Spectral Data

Abstract

In the last few years the empirical interpretation of a spectrum and the quality of information gained from it can be sufficient for the demands of contemporary chemistry. The overall progress in computerization of chemistry and particularly the development of a new scientific discipline-chemical informatics [1]-allows one to apply a new approach of spectra explanation known as computer retrieval of spectral data. Here the usual meaning of “retrieval” is extended to the disclosure of abstract information hidden in various spectral curves.     

Effect of annealing on density of metals with small eutectic additions

It is shown that in metals with sparingly soluble eutectic additions pore-type voids can form as a result of high-temperature annealing. The experimental results are explained by the occurrence of liquid layers on certain grain boundaries. In the absence of stresses the pores result from the crystallization of the liquid phase in closed volumes. Thermostructural stresses in cadmium with its hcp lattice cause intergranular slippage, resulting in disclosure of the micropores.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 62–66, July, 1972.     

常规净水工艺去除有机物效果的三维荧光光谱分析法

有机物的荧光特性被广泛用来解析其在水体中的来源与分布。荧光光谱技术具有灵敏度高、选择性好、且不破坏样品结构的优点,非常适合用来研究有机物的化学和物理性质。运用三维荧光光谱分析技术对常规净水工艺中有机物的去除效果进行了研究。实验结果表明,三维荧光光谱技术能有效地揭示净水工艺中有机物的变化过程。在整个净水过程中,没有完全消除类富里酸荧光物质,也没有产生新的荧光物质。就类富里酸荧光物质的去除效果而言,混凝沉淀基本没有去除作用,过滤作用的去除率在5%～15%之间。     

On the four euclidean conformal group structure of the Sturmian operator

The Sturmian method consists in replacing the eigenvalue problem for the interacting particle Hamiltonian (Schrödinger equation) by the spectral problem for the so-called Sturmian operator (coupling constant quantization). The latter is almost always compact. The main result of this work lies in the disclosure of the algebraic nature of the Sturmian operator as a linear superposition of group representation operators. This group theoretical understanding leads to a large field of physical applications.     

Information verification and encryption based on phase retrieval with sparsity constraints and optical inference

A novel optical information verification and encryption method is proposed based on inference principle and phase retrieval with sparsity constraints. In this method, a target image is encrypted into two phase-only masks (POMs), which comprise sparse phase data used for verification. Both of the two POMs need to be authenticated before being applied for decrypting. The target image can be optically reconstructed when the two authenticated POMs are Fourier transformed and convolved by the correct decryption key, which is also generated in encryption process. No holographic scheme is involved in the proposed optical verification and encryption system and there is also no problem of information disclosure in the two authenticable POMs. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the validity and good performance of this new proposed method.     

模拟核弹头核查中能谱遮盖技术的概念研究

建立了一套基于局域网的核弹头核查系统.系统的硬件组成为:一台网络服务器、两台个人计算机和一台便携式高纯锗γ谱仪.系统的软件(能谱遮盖软件)包括核查方软件、被核查方软件两个模块,它们都采用交互式人机对话,通过局域网进行通讯.核查中,探测器所采集的高分辨γ射线能谱需要经过被核查方软件的防泄密处理后,才能以遮盖能谱或文字显示方式发送给核查方终端.能谱遮盖的原则是,对核查方要求核查的能段,核查方软件必须提供真实、客观的显示;而对其他能段,可根据被核查方对“敏感信息”的认识,作适当的遮盖处理.文字显示方式则是直截了当地回答核查对象是“铀弹”、“钚弹”或“非核弹”.利用能谱遮盖软件对模拟核弹头进行了类型识别和能谱遮盖实验.实验结果表明,所建立的基于局域网的核弹头核查系统具有识别模拟核弹头类型和在核查中保护敏感信息泄漏的功能,特别值得指出的是,核查结果文字显示方式具有较好的防泄密功能,有助于提高核查可信度.实验同时也暴露了该系统的一些不足点,如系统组件过多,集成度不够;被核查方软件的人机交互对话和核查结果的能谱遮盖显示方式可能降低核查的可信度等等 关键词： 核弹头核查 γ射线能谱 能谱遮盖     

基于Hadoop的大数据信息安全监控云平台设计与研究

针对传统的大数据信息监控云平台模式单一、虚拟化程度不高,容易导致信息泄露的问题,为了提高对大数据的信息安全溯源能力,提出基于Hadoop的大数据信息安全监控云平台设计方法。在信息资源云体系下构建大数据信息安全融合模型,通过信息挖掘与匹配方法把云平台中的数据资源、物理资源进行关联性整合,方便数据安全溯源,在Hadoop平台下构建多源信息资源云,建立用户接口注册机制,采用虚拟化技术进行信息保护,实现在云平台下进行信息安全溯源。实验结果表明,采用该方法进行大数据信息安全溯源,大数据信息分类存储性能较好,对异常数据挖掘精度较高。具有较好的信息安全保护能力,确保了信息安全。     

基于菲涅耳变换的图像加密算法

针对相位截断加密算法无法抵御信息泄露问题,文章提出了一种基于相位截断菲涅耳变换与随机振幅掩模的加密算法,以抵御信息泄露问题;算法首先将原彩色图像分为3个独立的颜色通道,在对其进行菲涅耳变换后加入随机振幅掩模通道,将4个通道分别进行菲涅耳衍射截断处理;算法通过级联处理不仅提高了秘钥与密文间的关联性,还消除了信息泄露的风险;通过仿真试验与结果分析可知,本算法不仅在波长与自由空间传播错误距离参数、密文噪声、遮挡污染、密文泄露以及不同攻击等情况下有较好的鲁棒性,还解决了信息泄露问题。     

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in dentistry part II: Soft tissue analysis

Raman spectroscopy is rapidly moving from an experimental technique for the analysis of biological molecules to a tool for the real-time clinical diagnosis and in situ evaluation of the oral tissue in medical and dental research. The purpose of this study is to identify various applications of Raman spectroscopy, to evaluate the contemporary status, and to explore future directions in the field of dentistry. Several in-depth applications are presented to illustrate Raman spectroscopy in early diagnosis of soft tissue abnormalities. Raman spectroscopy allows researchers to analyze histological and biochemical composition of biological tissues. The technique not only demonstrates its role in the disclosure of dysplasia and malignancy, but also in performing guided biopsies, diagnosing sialoliths, and assessment of surgical margins. Raman spectroscopy is used to identify the molecular structures and their components to give substantial information about the chemical structure properties of these molecules. In this article, we acquaint the utilization of Raman spectroscopy in analyzing the soft tissues in relation to dentistry.     

Analyzing mechanism-based attacks in privacy-preserving data publishing

Privacy-preserving data publishing (PPDP) deals with data publishing while preserving individual's privacy in the data. Recent researches show that knowledge of mechanism of anonymization provides a loophole for attacks [1], [2], we call this kind of attack a mechanism-based attack. In this paper, we first give a comprehensive study of mechanism-based attack and point out that the range of mechanism-based disclosure is much broader than ever said. Then, we analyze the rationale of mechanism-based attack and give the definition of mechanism-based attack formally. To counteract mechanism-based attack, we introduce a model called e-secrecy and corresponding solution algorithm MAIA. We conduct a comprehensive set of experiments to show mechanism-based attacks are practical concern in the real-world data sets and that our method introduces better data utility and very minor computation than the existing algorithms.     

Structural studies with the use of XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy of new high Manganese steels

New high-strength austenitic and austenitic-ferritic manganese steels represent a significant potential in applications for structural components in the automotive and railway industry due to the excellent combination of high mechanical properties and good plasticity. They belong to the group of steels called AHSS (Advanced High Strength Steels) and UHSS (Ultra High Strength Steels). Application of this combination of properties allows a reduction in the weight of vehicles by the use of reduced cross-section components, and thus to reduce fuel consumption. The development and implementation of industrial production of such interesting and promising steel and its use as construction material requires an improvement of their casting properties and susceptibility to deformation in plastic working conditions. In this work, XRD, Transmission Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy were employed in a study of the new high-manganese steels with a austenite and austenite-ferrite structure. The influence of the plastic deformation parameters on the changes in the structure, distribution of ferrite and disclosure of the presence of carbides was determined. The analysis of phase transformations in various times using CEMS method made possible to reveal their fine details.     

A unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics. Part I. Postulates

A unified axiomatic theory that embraces both mechanics and thermodynamics is presented in three parts. It is based on four postulates; three are taken from quantum mechanics, and the fourth is the new disclosure of the existence of quantum states that are stable (Part I). For nonequilibrium and equilibrium states, the theory provides general original results, such as the relation between irreducible density operators and the maximum work that can be extracted adiabatically (Part IIa). For stable equilibrium states, it shows for the first time that the canonical and grand canonical distributions are the only stable distributions (Part IIb). The theory discloses the incompleteness of the equation of motion of quantum mechanics not only for irreversible processes but, more significantly, for reversible processes (Part IIb). It establishes the operational meaning of an irreducible density operator and irreducible dispersions associated with any state, and reveals the relationship between such dispersions and the second law (Part III).     

An Improved Chinese String Comparator for Bloom Filter Based Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage

With the development of information technology, it has become a popular topic to share data from multiple sources without privacy disclosure problems. Privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) can link the data that truly matches and does not disclose personal information. In the existing studies, the techniques of PPRL have mostly been studied based on the alphabetic language, which is much different from the Chinese language environment. In this paper, Chinese characters (identification fields in record pairs) are encoded into strings composed of letters and numbers by using the SoundShape code according to their shapes and pronunciations. Then, the SoundShape codes are encrypted by Bloom filter, and the similarity of encrypted fields is calculated by Dice similarity. In this method, the false positive rate of Bloom filter and different proportions of sound code and shape code are considered. Finally, we performed the above methods on the synthetic datasets, and compared the precision, recall, F1-score and computational time with different values of false positive rate and proportion. The results showed that our method for PPRL in Chinese language environment improved the quality of the classification results and outperformed others with a relatively low additional cost of computation.     

Computerized MRS voxel registration and partial volume effects in single voxel H-MRS

Partial volume effects in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brain have been studied previously in terms of proper water concentration calculations, but there is a lack of disclosure in terms of voxel placement techniques that would affect the calculations. The purpose of this study is to facilitate a fully automated MRS voxel registration method which is time efficient, accurate, and can be extended to all imaging modalities. A total of thirteen healthy adults underwent single voxel 1H-MRS scans in 3.0 T MRI scanners. Transposition of a MRS voxel onto an anatomical scan is derived along with a full calculation of water concentration with a correction term to account for the partial volume effects. Five metabolites (tNAA, Glx, tCr, mI, and tCho) known to yield high reliability are studied. Pearson’s correlation analyses between tissue volume fractions and metabolite concentrations were statistically significant in parietal (tCr, Glx, and tNAA) lobe and occipital lobe (tNAA). MRS voxel overlaps quantified by dice metric over repeated visits yielded 60% ~ 70% and coefficients of variance in metabolites concentration were 4% ~ 10%. These findings reiterate an importance of considering the partial volume effects when tissue water is used as an internal concentration reference so as to avoid misinterpreting a morphometric difference as a metabolic difference.     

Internal Reflection Spectroscopy

Abstract

The history of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS), also known as attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (ATR), began nearly two centuries ago with the observation by Newton [l] of an evanescent field in a lower index of refraction medium in contact with a higher index of refraction medium in which a propagating wave of radiation undergoes total internal reflection (TIR). However, the exploitation of this phenomenon for the production of absorption spectra did not begin until the pioneering development work of Harrick [2, 31 and Fahrenfort [4]. After the disclosure on the technique in the literature in 1960, a flurry of publications exploiting it for a wide variety of applications ensued. By 1967 a large body of literature existed which was sufficient to justify a monograph by Harrick [5] and a review by Wilks and Hirschfeld [6], These publications thoroughly reviewed the history and applications of IRS up until that time. Although the IRS technique appeared to promise a ready solution for a wide range of problems which were difficult or intractable by other techniques, such as transmission IR, its general use was hampered by doubts about its reproducibility and capability to be quantitative, Some of the problems which diminished the use of the IRS technique include sample contact to the internal reflection element (IRE) 7-91, spectrometer requirements [101, and data-handling requirements [111.     

A study of contact interface and wear diagnosis for hand taps using ultrasonic method

This work was to study the contact interface between a set of used hand taps and another new one based on the regional scanning of ultrasound. The contact image was a novel disclosure for hand taps contact. The objective of this work was to provide a wear diagnosis by making a comparison of contact area between the used and the new hand taps. The 2D maps showed an apparent change not only in area sizes but also in contact shapes between the used and the new hand taps. The 3D contact images also provided useful information to show the degree of contact.The contact area between the tap and the workpiece was calculated using an image analysis software package. The range of contact areas varied from 2.49 mm² to 35.31 mm² for the used hand taps and from 1.19 mm² to 28.55 mm² for the new taps, depending on the definition of the contrast ratio. The result provided another scientific data for users to decide a correct timing for the tool replacement. In addition, maps of reflection coefficient and pressure contour distribution were presented. The range of contact pressure varied from 2.5 Mpa to 4.2 Mpa.     

Identifying Particle Correlations in Quantum Hall Regime

We introduce a method that allows the disclosure of correlations between particle positions in an arbitrary many‐body system. The method is based on a well‐known simulated annealing algorithm and the proposed artificial distribution technique. Additionally, we investigate correlations in quantum Hall liquids (we consider many‐body wave functions that have been recently determined via the cyclotron subgroup model) and present three‐dimensional plots of configuration probability distributions that have been established from numerical simulations. We demonstrate that the preferred simultaneous positions of particles (configurations of positions, which correspond to large values of a system's probability distribution, ) tend to form complicated geometric structures, which are equivalent to classical Wigner crystals only for Laughlin states. Furthermore, we claim that quantum Hall liquids attributed to non‐Laughlin fillings are correlated on subdomains rather than on a whole particle domain (due to a quantizing magnetic field, which modifies the topology of a system's dynamics). Finally, we characterize Hall‐like internal orders in terms of statistical correlations (one‐dimensional unitary representations of cyclotron subgroups). Our conclusions concerning the stability of many‐body states agree with transport measurements and various numerical studies.     

多西环素与人血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

将经典光谱法与内滤光校正、取代实验和分子对接等技术相结合,较全面地研究了多西环素(DC)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)之间的相互作用。通过荧光猝灭实验测得在298和310 K时,DC与HSA的结合常数分别为2.73×105和0.74×105 L·mol-1,二者有一个结合位点,表明DC与HSA间具有较强的结合作用,属于静态猝灭。根据Vant’Hoff公式计算的热力学参数(ΔH=-83.55 kJ·mol-1,ΔS=-176.31 J·mol-1·K-1)表明,两者间主要作用力为氢键和范德华力。根据Fster能量转移定律求得DC与HSA的Trp-214之间的结合距离为4.98 nm。取代反应结果表明,DC键合在HSA的亚域IIA内。三维荧光光谱结果显示,DC使HSA疏水性增加,改变了HSA的构象。DC与HSA作用前后红外光谱二级结构的定量分析结果表明,DC能使HSA结构松散。分子对接技术进一步表明DC通过氢键和范德华力等键合在HSA的亚域IIA疏水腔中,结合距离与光谱法计算结果相近。实验结果为研究药物小分子与人血清白蛋白的相互作用提供了理论依据和可靠数据。