碘改性的含铜复合氧化物催化氧化苯系物

制备了一系列碘改性的含铜介孔复合氧化物催化剂,并利用XRD、N₂吸脱附、H₂-TPR和元素分析对其进行了表征.以O₂为氧化剂,以甲苯氧化反应为探针,测试其催化性能,结果表明复合氧化物载体的元素组成显著影响催化剂的性能.在最优反应条件下,无需添加有机溶剂,甲苯转化率可达25.6%,主产物苯甲醛选择性为100%.进而将催化剂应用于其他苯系物（苯、乙苯、二甲苯）的氧化反应,也取得了较好的催化效果,且该催化剂可以循环使用多次.     

铜,锰氧化物的表面过剩氧及其甲苯催化燃烧活性

研究了负载型Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｏ催化剂对烃类深度氧化的活性，并将ＸＲＤ分析、电子探针考察和表面过剩氧浓度的分布测定等结果与催化剂活性进行了关联。以甲苯催化燃烧为模型反应，除用常规的微反考察其动力学性质外，还用脉冲反应技术研究了表面过剩氧的氧化功能和甲苯的吸附等。Ｍｎ／Ｃｕ原子比为０．８８～０．９时，催化剂活性最好。这是由ＣｕＯ和ＣｕＭｎ２Ｏ４的功能匹配决定的，后者提供与催化作用有关的表面过剩氧，前者促进     

苯系物的色谱分析方法的研究进展

对近几年来苯系物的色谱分析方法的研究进展进行了综述,着重介绍了气相色谱内标法以及顶空、固相微萃取、液液微萃取等前处理方法,并对苯系物的分析发展方向和控制进行了展望(引用文献49篇)。     

顶空/气相色谱法测定橡皮擦中挥发性苯及苯系物

建立了顶空/气相色谱测定橡皮擦中挥发性苯及苯系物的分析方法,通过优化样品前处理过程和色谱条件,将样品适当破碎后,顶空/气相色谱检测。结果表明,该方法节省溶剂、环境友好、快速、简便,线性关系、灵敏度和稳定性均良好。在0.05~5.00μg/g线性范围内,其线性系数均大于0.999,检出限为0.02~0.04μg/g,平均回收率为91.9%~98.9%,相对标准偏差均小于5%。市场监测分析显示,不同品牌不同品种橡皮擦产品中挥发性苯及苯系物含量差别迥异,市场总体较为安全,但加大对该类产品在该方面安全因素的监管势在必行。     

气相色谱法测定室内空气中苯系物含量的研究

优化了固体吸附/热解吸-气相色谱法测定室内空气中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、异丙苯、邻二甲苯和苯乙烯等8种苯系物的方法。结果表明,目标物色谱峰分离度均大于1.5;在10～500 ng范围内,8种苯系物质量与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,相关系数r为0.999 7～0.999 9;该方法的检出限为0.50～3.48ng,当采气量为2L时,最低检出浓度为0.25×10~(-3)～1.74×10~(-3)mg/m~3,相对标准偏差为1.2%～9.1%(n=6),回收率在94.0%～99.5%之间。该方法分离效果好,灵敏度高,精密度好,结果准确,可用于室内空气中苯系物含量的检测。     

CeO2中氧空位形成、表征及其作用机制研究进展

Ce是一种用途十分广泛的稀土金属,其丰度也是稀土元素中最高的。其金属氧化物CeO₂由于具有优异的储放氧性能,其晶格中存在的大量氧空位可以直接作为活性位点,能够捕捉气相中的O₂,产生大量的活性氧物种,表现出良好的催化性能,在各催化体系中作为载体和活性组分被普遍使用。分别从CeO₂独特的氧空位性质,CeO₂氧空位的形成途径,氧空位的表征技术以及氧空位在催化反应中的作用等方面的最新研究进展进行了综述。最后对CeO₂氧空位在氧化还原、有机物污染降解等反应过程中的应用进行了总结和展望。     

空气中苯系物测定有关问题的探讨

对HJ 584–2010《环境空气苯系物的测定活性炭吸附/二硫化碳解吸–气相色谱法》和HJ 583–2010《环境空气苯系物的测定固体吸附/热脱附–气相色谱法》进行解析,结合监测工作实际情况,从采样、分析各个关键环节总结归纳了方法要点,提出了实际应用中的注意事项。为环保监测系统进行空气中苯系物测定方法的选择及正确应用提供借鉴。     

生活饮用水中苯系物的顶空气相色谱测定法

建立顶空气相色谱法测定生活饮用水中微量苯系物的方法,各组分的分离度较好.苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、异丙苯的检出限分别为0.002、0.004、0.005、0.007、0.007、0.008、0.005 mg/L,样品的平均加标回收率为97.0%～100.8%,测量结果的相对标准偏差不大于5.1%(n=5),该方法可满足水中苯系物的检测要求.     

含铜锰水滑石的制备及其对苯甲醇的无溶剂催化氧化

通过低过饱和共沉淀方法合成了含铜锰的三元水滑石,并且对其进行了XRD,FT-IR和TG表征.XRD结果表明所合成的样品具有类似水滑石的层状结构.FT-IR红外表征结果表明所合成的样品具有相似的结构及表面吸附性质,而且样品的水滑石结构随着晶化时间的延长而变得更加完整,TG表征也显示了相同结果.实验表明:锰的加入和水滑石的特有晶体结构是苯甲醇无溶剂催化氧化的两个必要条件.     

基于钼酸铋的碘掺杂辅助氧空位可控引入及其高效活化分子氧和矿化五氯酚作用（英文）

氧空位引入是设计带隙和电子结构以显著提高半导体光催化效率的有效策略之一.氧空位不仅可以有效地捕获载流子而加速光生电子空穴对的分离,还可以捕获电子作为惰性气体分子活化的活性位点.在分子水平上阐明氧空位在光催化中的固有功能也逐渐引起了研究者们的广泛兴趣.近年来,诸多文献报道原生氧空位可以很容易地通过局域电子对氧气进行充电,这表明光催化是分子氧在氧空位上的活化是克服三重态O₂自旋禁制反应生成活性氧物种的可靠选择.由此产生的活性氧物种,如羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(·O₂^-)和单线态氧(¹O₂),通常比O₂更具有氧化性.尽管在构建氧空位方面已有系列开创性的工作报道,但在光催化材料上氧空位浓度的调控策略仍处于起步阶段,依然具有很大的探索空间.因此,建立一种可控引入氧空位的方法,并揭示氧空位在增强分子氧活化中的潜在作用具有重要科学意义.我们利用还原性的乙二醇为溶剂,通过简便的溶剂热法合成了氧空位浓度可控的碘掺杂钨酸铋.在理论计算预测的基础上,采用X射线粉末...     

Roles of Oxygen Vacancies of CeO2 and Mn-Doped CeO2 with the Same Morphology in Benzene Catalytic Oxidation

Mn-doped CeO₂ and CeO₂ with the same morphology (nanofiber and nanocube) have been synthesized through hydrothermal method. When applied to benzene oxidation, the catalytic performance of Mn-doped CeO₂ is better than that of CeO₂, due to the difference of the concentration of O vacancy. Compared to CeO₂ with the same morphology, more oxygen vacancies were generated on the surface of Mn-doped CeO₂, due to the replacement of Ce ion with Mn ion. The lattice replacement has been analyzed through XRD, Raman, electron energy loss spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance technology. The formation energies of oxygen vacancy on the different exposed crystal planes such as (110) and (100) for Mn-doped CeO₂ were calculated by the density functional theory (DFT). The results show that the oxygen vacancy is easier to be formed on the (110) plane. Other factors influencing catalytic behavior have also been investigated, indicating that the surface oxygen vacancy plays a crucial role in catalytic reaction.     

Understanding the Role of Gold Nanoparticles in Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Manganese Oxides in Water Oxidation Reactions

The Earth‐abundant and inexpensive manganese oxides (MnO_x) have emerged as an intriguing type of catalysts for the water oxidation reaction. However, the overall turnover frequencies of MnO_x catalysts are still much lower than that of nanostructured IrO₂ and RuO₂ catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that doping MnO_x polymorphs with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can result in a strong enhancement of catalytic activity for the water oxidation reaction. It is observed that, for the first time, the catalytic activity of MnO_x/AuNPs catalysts correlates strongly with the initial valence of the Mn centers. By promoting the formation of Mn³⁺ species, a small amount of AuNPs (<5 %) in α‐MnO₂/AuNP catalysts significantly improved the catalytic activity up to 8.2 times in the photochemical and 6 times in the electrochemical system, compared with the activity of pure α‐MnO₂.     

Lead and Cadmium Adsorption onto Iron Oxides and Manganese Oxides in the Natural Surface Coatings Collected on Natural Substances in the Songhua River of China

Natural surface coatings collected from natural substances(NSCsNS)were employed to study the roles of the main chemical components(iron oxides,manganese oxides,and other components)in controlling the adsorption of lead(Pb)and cadmium(Cd)in aquatic environments.The selective chemical extraction followed by the adsorption of Pb and Cd experiments and statistical analysis,were used to investigate the adsorption property of each component.Hydroxylamine hydrochloride was used to remove manganese oxides selectively,and sodium dithionite was used to extract iron oxides and manganese oxides.The result indicated that iron oxides and manganese oxides played an important role in the adsorption of Pb and Cd on NSCsNS,and the relative contribution was about two-thirds.The contribution of manganese oxides was the greatest,with a lesser role indicated for other components.The adsorption ability of manganese oxides for Pb and Cd was greater than that of iron oxides or other components for Pb and Cd.The Pb adsorption observed in each component was greater than Cd adsorption.     

铈钼氧化物表面氧性质和催化性能

在甲苯选择性氧化制苯甲醛反应中,Mo基氧化物是一类重要的催化剂[1]．通常的认识是反应物与催化剂表面晶格氧作用,并通过催化剂本身的还原和氧化的循环过程促使反应进行。生成产物．因此,催化剂表面不同氧物种的热脱附性能应与催化反应性能密切相关．对于Ce-Mo氧化物的TPD-MS研究,尚未见文献报导．为了能获得该方面的信息,本文应用程序升温脱附-质谱检测（TP-MS）联用技术,对Ce-Mo氧化物样品进行了表面氧TPD谱测定和动力学参量等计算,并试图与其催化性能进行关联．1实验部分1．1样品的制备和表征分别将一定质量的硝酸铈铵和仲…     

氧化铈的结构对其热稳定性及催化丙烷氧化脱氢反应性能的影响

采用湿化学法制备了低维氧化铈的纳米棒和纳米颗粒,通过原位X射线粉末衍射、透射电镜和N2物理吸附等技术研究了氧化铈纳米结构对其热稳定性的影响.结果表明,氧化铈纳米棒的稳定性更高.采用浸渍法制备了氧化铈负载的氧化钒催化剂,并用于丙烷氧化脱氢反应中,发现以氧化铈纳米棒为载体的催化剂表现出更高的丙烯选择性,这可能是由于棒状结构的开放性有利于产物丙烯的直接扩散.     

沉淀方法及铈掺杂对铜锰氧化物催化剂催化氧化CO性能的影响

The influence of Ce doping and the precipitation method on structural properties and the catalytic activity of copper manganese oxides for CO oxidation at ambient temperature have been investigated. The catalysts were characterized by means of the powder X-ray diffraction and N₂ adsorption-desorption, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the temperature programmed reduction, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that after doping little amount of Ce in copper manganese oxide, CeO₂ phase was highly dispersed and could prevent sintering and aggregating of the catalyst, the size of the catalytic material was decreased, the reducibility was enhanced, the specific surface area was increased and the formation of the active sites for the oxidation of CO was improved significantly. Therefore, the activity of the rare earth promoted catalyst was enhanced remarkably.     

Correlation of the Catalytic Activity for Oxidation Taking Place on Various TiO2 Surfaces with Surface OH Groups and Surface Oxygen Vacancies

Three catalytic oxidation reactions have been studied: The ultraviolet (UV) light induced photocatalytic decomposition of the synthetic dye sulforhodamine B (SRB) in the presence of TiO₂ nanostructures in water, together with two reactions employing Au/TiO₂ nanostructure catalysts, namely, CO oxidation in air and the decomposition of formaldehyde under visible light irradiation. Four kinds of TiO₂ nanotubes and nanorods with different phases and compositions were prepared for this study, and gold nanoparticle (Au‐NP) catalysts were supported on some of these TiO₂ nanostructures (to form Au/TiO₂ catalysts). FTIR emission spectroscopy (IES) measurements provided evidence that the order of the surface OH regeneration ability of the four types of TiO₂ nanostructures studied gave the same trend as the catalytic activities of the TiO₂ nanostructures or their respective Au/TiO₂ catalysts for the three oxidation reactions. Both IES and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that anatase TiO₂ had the strongest OH regeneration ability among the four types of TiO₂ phases or compositions. Based on these results, a model for the surface OH group generation, absorption, and activation of molecular oxygen has been proposed: The oxygen vacancies at the bridging O^2? sites on TiO₂ surfaces dissociatively absorb water molecules to form OH groups that facilitate adsorption and activation of O₂ molecules in nearby oxygen vacancies by lowering the absorption energy of molecular O₂. A new mechanism for the photocatalytic formaldehyde decomposition with the Au/TiO₂ catalysts is also proposed, based on the photocatalytic activity of the Au‐NPs under visible light. The Au‐NPs absorb the light owing to the surface plasmon resonance effect and mediate the electron transfers that the reaction needs.     

A Novel Approach for Generation of Oxygen Vacancies in Trirutile MnSb2O6 and Their Impact on Photocatalytic Degradation of MO Dye

Visible light-driven photocatalysis has gained much attention due to its light-harnessing characteristics and is extensively used in wastewater remediation. This paper presents a novel oxygen-deficient manganese antimonate, MnSb₂O_6-x, with a trirutile structure as an effective visible-light-driven photocatalyst for dye degradation. The synthesized samples were subjected to XRD, UV-Vis DRS, SEM-EDS, Raman, XPS, and PL analyses to study their physic chemical properties. The influence of sequential or single heating during the preparation method on the generation of oxygen vacancies is evaluated using UV-Vis DRS, XPS, ESR, and Raman techniques. The oxygen-deficient MnSb₂O₆ could achieve up to 85 % of MO degradation in 180 min under visible light irradiation, and its reusability up to six cycles was also investigated. In addition, the mechanism of dye degradation was supported with a scavenger test, and the degradation activities are correlated to the electron-hole pair separation as convinced from the PL spectra. The simple and unique method of oxygen vacancy generation can inspire the development of antimonates with oxygen deficiencies, which have significant scope of application in environmental and energy conservation.     

Transition Metal Oxides for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Influence of the Oxidation States of the Metal and its Position on the Periodic Table

Electrocatalysts have been developed to meet the needs and requirements of renewable energy applications. Metal oxides have been well explored and are promising for this purpose, however, many reports focus on only one or a few metal oxides at once. Herein, thirty metal oxides, which were either commercially available or synthesized by a simple and scalable method, were screened for comparison with regards to their electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). We show that although manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel oxides generally displayed the ability to enhance the kinetics of oxygen reduction under alkaline conditions compared with bare glassy carbon, there is no significant correlation between the position of a metal on the periodic table and the electrocatalytic performance of its respective metal oxides. Moreover, it was also observed that mixed valent (+2, +3) oxides performed the poorest, compared with their respective pure metal oxides. These findings may be of paramount importance in the field of renewable energy.     

Studies on the Surface Oxygen Species and the Catalytic Activity for CO Oxidation of La1-xSrxCo1-xMnxO3, a Perovskite-Type Oxides Catalyst

The surface oxygen distribution the active oxygen species for CO on the perovskite-type catalyst La_1-xSr_xCo_1-xMn_xO₃ and its catalytic oxidation activity with CO as probe were investigated by means of XRD, TPD and XPS in a continuous flow microreactor. Results showed that different adsorbed oxygen species and lattice oxygen were distributed on the catalyst surface. Meanwhile, the surface lattice oxygen of the oxides was reacting in the course of CO oxidation. This leads to the conclusion that, when x=0.6, the catalyst shows the best oxidative activity and lower starting temperature.