La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法对锐钛矿相TiO2、La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构进行计算,分析La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO2的晶体结构、能带、态密度、差分电荷密度和光吸收性质的影响. 结果表明,掺杂后TiO2的晶格发生畸变,原子间键长的变化使晶格发生膨胀;掺杂后TiO2的禁带宽度减小,并在禁带中引入杂质能级,导致TiO2的吸收图谱产生红移现象;与La单掺杂相比,La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的红移程度增强.     

N/Cu共掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势法, 采用局域自旋密度近似加Hubbard U值方法研究了纯锐钛矿型TiO₂, N, Cu单掺杂TiO₂及N/Cu共掺杂TiO₂ 的晶体结构、电子结构和光学性质. 研究结果表明, 掺杂后晶格发生相应畸变, 晶格常数变大. N 和Cu的掺杂在TiO₂禁带中引入杂质能级, 禁带宽度发生相应改变. 对于N掺杂TiO₂禁带宽度减小较弱, 而Cu掺杂和N/Cu共掺TiO₂禁带宽度显著降低, 导致吸收光谱明显红移, 光学催化性增强, 有利于实际应用.     

Co,N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

二氧化钛(TiO2)作为一种性能优良的光催化剂已经被广泛地研究和使用. 本研究中利用了第一性原理和GGA+U方法, 对锐钛矿结构TiO2晶体三种可能的(Co,N)共掺杂体系的几何结构、形成能、电子结构和光吸收系数进行了研究, 并与单掺杂(Co/N)体系进行了对比. 结果表明, 在三种共掺杂TiO2中, Co与N相邻时晶格畸变最小, 但掺杂原子周围晶格畸变较大;同时, 较低的形成能表明此种共掺杂结构最容易形成;此外, 因为Co与N成键, 其杂质能级的数目与能量较其他共掺杂结构有较大差异. (Co,N)共掺杂体系与未掺杂TiO2的相比, 其禁带宽度较小, 禁带中存在杂质能级, 因此其吸收边红移, 在可见光波段有较好的光吸收能力. 故(Co,N)共掺杂可以很好地提升锐钛矿型TiO2在可见光波段的光催化性能.     

La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的电子结构及光学性质的第一性原理研究

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法对锐钛矿相TiO_2、La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的电子结构进行计算,分析La单掺杂及La-N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO_2的晶体结构、能带、态密度、差分电荷密度和光吸收性质的影响.结果表明,掺杂后TiO_2的晶格发生畸变,原子间键长的变化使晶格发生膨胀;掺杂后TiO_2的禁带宽度减小,并在禁带中引入杂质能级,导致TiO_2的吸收图谱产生红移现象;与La单掺杂相比,La-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的红移程度增强.     

Pt-N共掺杂锐钛矿TiO_2的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理中的平面波超软赝势(PWPP)方法对理想TiO_2,N单掺杂,Pt单掺杂和Pt-N共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的电子结构进行计算,分析N单掺杂、Pt单掺杂及Pt-N共掺杂对锐钛矿相TiO_2的晶体结构、能带和态密度的影响.计算结果表明:掺杂后TiO_2的晶格发生畸变,原子间键长的变化使晶格发生膨胀,Pt单掺杂、N单掺杂TiO_2禁带宽度变窄,Pt-N共掺杂TiO_2分别在价带顶和导带底产生杂质能级,且禁带宽度缩小范围大,表明Pt-N共掺杂能进一步提高锐钛矿TiO_2催化性能.     

双氮协同钴掺杂锐钛矿相二氧化钛电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算了双氮原子协同钴原子共掺杂TiO2的几何结构和电子结构. 计算结果发现: 双氮原子掺杂引起的双空穴位与钴原子形成了较强的耦合作用, 并引起晶格结构发生明显变化. 共掺杂的协同效应引起TiO2禁带宽度变窄,在价带顶和导带底出现大量杂质能级, 从而引起吸收带边发生明显红移. 该掺杂方式对调制TiO2禁带宽度有明显的效果, 有望指导后续的实验合成.     

N-S共掺杂金红石相TiO2电子结构与光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于第一性原理的平面波超软赝势方法研究N和S单掺杂以及N和S共掺杂金红石相TiO2的能带结构,态密度和光学性质.结果表明:N掺杂导致禁带宽度减小为1.43 eV,并且在价带上方形成了一条杂质能带;S掺杂导致费米能级上移靠近导带,直接带隙减小为0.32 eV;N和S共掺杂导致能带结构中出现了两条杂质能带,靠近导带的一条杂质能级距离导带底约0.35 eV,靠近价带的一条杂质能级距离价带顶约0.85 eV,杂质能级主要由N原子的2p轨道和S原子的3p轨道组成.N和S掺杂后不但使TiO2的吸收带产生红移,而且在可见光区具有较大的吸收系数,光催化活性增强.     

C-Mg掺杂GaN电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的方法,计算了GaN、C单掺、Mg单掺和C-Mg共掺体系的电子结构和光学性质,计算结果表明:掺杂后,GaN体系的晶格发生畸变,有利于光生空穴-电子对的分离,C-Mg共掺体系结构最稳定,掺杂体系的禁带宽度均减小,其中C-Mg共掺体系的禁带宽度最小,在禁带中引入了杂质能级,说明掺杂可有效降低电子跃迁所需的能量.在光学性质方面,掺杂后,GaN在低能区介电峰和吸收峰均发生红移,且静介电常数增大;其中C-Mg共掺体系的对可见光的吸收最强,极化能力最强,因此C-Mg共掺将有望提高GaN在光催化性能和极化能力.     

Co-Cr共掺杂金红石型TiO_2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法计算了Co、Cr单掺杂以及Co-Cr共掺杂金红石型TiO2的能带结构、态密度和光学性质.计算结果表明:纯金红石的禁带宽度为3.0eV,Co掺杂金红石型TiO2的带隙为1.21eV,导带顶和价带底都位于G点处,仍为直接带隙,在价带与导带之间出现了由Co 3d和Ti 3d轨道杂化形成的杂质能级;Cr掺杂金红石型TiO2的直接带隙为0.85eV,在价带与导带之间的杂质能级由Cr 3d和Ti 3d轨道杂化轨道构成,导带和价带都向低能级方向移动;Co-Cr共掺杂,由于电子的强烈杂化,使O-2p态和Ti-3d态向Co-3d和Cr-3d态移动,使价带顶能级向高能级移动而导带底能级向低能方向移动,极大地减小了禁带的宽度,也是共掺杂改性的离子选择依据.掺杂金红石型TiO2的介电峰、折射率和吸收系数峰都向低能方向移动;在E2.029eV的范围内,纯金红石的ε2、k和吸收系数为零,掺杂后的跃迁强度都大于未掺杂时的跃迁强度,Co-Cr共掺杂的跃迁强度大于Co掺杂及Cr掺杂,说明Co、Cr共掺杂更能增强电子在低能端的光学跃迁,具有更佳的可见光催化性能.     

Ni-C共掺杂AgSnO2触头材料电性能第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理分析方法的CASTEP软件,计算了Ni、C单掺杂和共掺杂SnO₂的晶格参数、能带结构、电子态密度和布局,结果表明:单掺杂和共掺杂均使得晶胞体积略微增大,禁带减小,且仍属于直接带隙半导体,在价带顶和导带底产生杂质能级,其中Ni-C共掺杂时禁带最小,杂质能级最多,电子跃迁需要的能量更小,导电性也就最好.共掺杂时费米能级附近的峰值有所减小,局域性降低,原子间的成键结合力更强,使得SnO₂材料也更加稳定.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.