高效液相色谱分析法测定色氨酸对映体

采用高效液相色谱法,以手性冠醚Crownpak CR( )为固定相、高氯酸溶液/甲醇混合溶液为流动相,成功地实现了色氨酸(Trp)对映体的色谱分离.考察了流动相中甲醇含量、流量和柱温等因素对分离效果的影响.研究表明,适当提高流动相中的甲醇含量、降低流动相流量、降低柱温可以有效地提高分离度.另一方面,提高流动相中的甲醇含量、提高流动相流量、升高柱温可以显著地缩短样品的保留时间.确定了一种最佳分析分离条件,即流动相为甲醇∶高氯酸溶液=15∶85(V/V),流动相流量0.8 mL/min,柱温20℃,波长220 nm,在此条件下进行色谱分离,样品的保留时间小于12 min,分离度达到2.06.该方法具有快速、高效、准确和精密度高等优点.     

高效液相色谱-核磁共振光谱法测定纺织品及纺织助剂中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了高效液相色谱-核磁共振光谱法测定纺织品及纺织助剂中烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(APEO)的方法。用色谱保留时间及核磁共振光谱定性,色谱外标法定量,流动相为甲醇-乙酸铵溶液,紫外检测器检测波长为277 nm,APEO的质量浓度在5~250 mg.L-1范围内,浓度与峰面积呈线性关系,相关系数为0.992 8;保留时间的相对标准偏差小于0.21%,峰面积的相对标准偏差小于3.69%,回收率在91%~98%之间。纺织品中检测下限可达到1.0 mg.kg-1。该法已用于纺织品及纺织助剂的进出口检验。     

液相色谱-电喷雾电离/离子阱质谱法分析金线莲中3-吡啶甲醇

应用现代提取技术超声-微波协同萃取金线莲中的3-吡啶甲醇,采用固相萃取技术对样品进行前处理,高效液相色谱法-电喷雾电离/离子阱质谱法(HPLC-ESI/MS)对提取物中3-吡啶甲醇进行测定和鉴别.色谱条件:Agilent TC-C₁₈色谱柱(5 μm,4.6×250 mm),流动相:甲醇-0.02 mol/L乙酸铵(5∶95,V/V),流速:1 mL/min,检测波长:260 nm.结果表明峰面积与3-吡啶甲醇在浓度1~10 μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系.回收率在92.0%~96.2%之间,相对标准偏差为2.36%.该法简便、准确、快速.     

高效液相色谱手性流动相添加剂分离西孟坦对映体

以 β 环糊精作为手性流动相添加剂 ,研究了DL 西孟坦在反相HPLC系统中的拆分。考察了缓冲盐的浓度、pH、β 环糊精的浓度、流动相中甲醇的比例、流动相流速和温度对手性分离的影响 ,建立了 β 环糊精动态手性固定相法分离西孟坦对映体的方法。色谱条件为 :ZirchromKromasilODS 1(5 μm ,15 0mm× 4 .6mm)色谱柱 ,流动相为 2 0mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH 6 .0 )含 12mmol/Lβ 环糊精∶甲醇 (70∶30 ,V/V) ,流速为 0 .8mL/min ,温度为 17℃。DL 西孟坦对映体的保留时间分别为 2 2 .5和 2 4 .5min ,分离度为 1.5 7。     

某些酚类的高温液相色谱行为

建立了高温液相色谱系统,在高温条件下,采用甲醇-水作为流动相,在Polymerx RP-1聚合物(PSDVB)色谱柱上考察了6种酚类样品的色谱行为.实验条件:温度40～160 ℃,流速0.2～5.5 mL/min,流动相中甲醇浓度范围40%～80%.考察了温度、流速和流动相组成对酚类样品的保留、分辨、柱效和系统压力的影响,探讨了酚类样品在聚合物柱上的热力学行为.温度升高2.35℃大约相当于流动相中甲醇浓度增加1%,可以通过改变色谱柱温度调节样品保留和改变选择性.柱温升高,降低了流动相的粘度,允许在高温条件下使用较高的流速实现快速分离.在160℃、V(甲醇):V(水)=40:60,为流动相和3 mL/min流速条件下,可于2.5 min内实现6种酚类的完全分离.     

高效液相色谱法分离和分析喷妥司汀及其异构体

利用高效液相色谱方法在普通Polar-RP柱上成功分离pentostatin的4个异构体。通过考察色谱柱、流动相、温度等对分离度的影响,得到最佳分离条件为:室温下以Phenom enex Synergi Polar-RP色谱柱,采用磷酸氢二钠水溶液(50 mmol,pH 8.8)-甲醇(97∶3,V/V)为流动相;282 nm检测;流速为1.0 mL/m in。结果表明,4个异构体之间均达到基线分离,且保留时间和峰面积的RSD均控制在0.6%以内。pentostatin在0.1~1.0g/L、其异构体在0.5~1.5 mg/L范围内的线性相关系数(R)均大于0.99。在此实验基础上,建立分离纯化Pentostatin的制备色谱条件,以制备色谱法得到的产品纯度达到99.8%,收率达到理论产率的80.2%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定纸质包装材料中多类防腐剂

建立了同时测定纸质包装材料中酸类、酯类和酮类防腐剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。对样品萃取条件、色谱分离条件和质谱条件进行了优化。样品以10 m L甲醇-乙酸铵/乙酸缓冲液(75∶25,V∶V)为萃取溶剂振荡萃取20 min。提取液以甲醇和乙酸铵/乙酸缓冲液为流动相,梯度洗脱,以电喷雾离子源正、负离子同时多反应监测(MRM)模式进行监测,分析检测时间为10 min。方法的定量限为0.14~2.80 mg/kg,RSD为4.3%~9.8%,空白样品加标回收率为85.1%~108.1%。考察了质谱检测的基质效应,发现基质效应不明显。该方法满足纸质包装材料中多种类防腐剂同时快速测试的要求。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定抗生素AGPM发酵液中的主要成分

主要探讨了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定新型抗生素AGPM发酵液中主要成分的可行性,优化了反相高效液相色谱法分析发酵液组分的色谱条件。在Waters TM Nova- Pak C18 色谱柱上,以甲醇-0.01 mol/L 乙酸铵溶液(pH 5.20)为流动相,其中甲醇的体积分数按线性梯度方式在60 min内从30%升至50%,流动相流速为1.0 mL/min ,在330 nm处进行紫外检测,发酵液中各主要组分均能很好地分离。采用该方法对AGPM发酵液中5种主要组分的线性范围、检出限、相对标准偏差     

HPLC法测定纺织品中八种致敏禁用分散染料

建立了HPLC法测定纺织品中8种致敏禁用分散染料的方法。流动相为甲醇-四氢呋喃-乙酸铵水溶液,检测波长为595nm和440nm,8种成分在1～50mg／L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r值大于0.997;保留时间的RSD值在0．14％～0．24％之间;峰面积的RSD值在1．54％～3．69％之间;检出限在0．1～1mg.L之间．结果表明该法简便,结果可靠,已用于纺织品出口的检验中。     

柱温对胆固醇键合固定相分离黄酮苷的影响及其热力学分离机理研究

柱温属于高效液相色谱(HPLC)的可调参数之一,但在实际操作过程中,柱温对溶质保留行为的影响通常被忽略,不作为色谱条件优化参数.本研究分别以甲醇-0.02 mol/L乙酸(30∶70,V/V)及甲醇-0.02 mol/L乙酸(25∶75,V/V)为流动相,讨论了柱温对6种黄酮苷在一种新型色谱固定相-胆固醇键合固定相以及C18键合固定相上分离的影响.结果表明,随着柱温升高,不同于十八烷基键合固定相,黄酮苷在胆固醇键合固定相上的分离效果得到改善,且峰形变好.同时,拟合了25℃～55℃温度范围内的van't Hoff方程,从热力学角度比较了黄酮苷在胆固醇键合固定相和十八烷基键合固定相上的保留机理.结果表明,黄酮苷在两种色谱柱上的van't Hoff方程均具有良好的线性关系(R2 ＞0.99),且拟合参数相近(△H0＜0,△S0＜0),表明这些物质在胆固醇键合固定相上的保留机理与在十八烷基键合固定相上相似,以单一的疏水性保留机理为主导,均属于焓驱动过程.本实验证实,在使用胆固醇键合固定相时,柱温可作为一项重要调节参数,参与色谱优化过程,从而使液相色谱从两变量调节方式(流动相种类和流动相比例)变为三变量调节方式(流动相种类、比例和柱温),从而为色谱条件优化提供了更多选择.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。