当前功能陶瓷发展动向

简要介绍了功能陶瓷包括电容介质，陶瓷封装，压电瓷，透明铁电陶瓷，铁电薄膜，变阻器，热敏电阻，超导瓷及传感器瓷的最近进展，讨论了陶瓷学和固体物理以及工艺之间的相互作用和渗透，它们将对功能陶瓷的未来发展产生深远的影响。     

Molecular-Dynamics Simulation of Grain-Boundary Diffusion Creep

Molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations are used, for the first time, to study grain-boundary diffusion creep of a model polycrystalline silicon microstructure. Our fully dense model microstructures, with a grain size of up to 7.5 nm, were grown by MD simulations of a melt into which small, randomly oriented crystalline seeds were inserted. In order to prevent grain growth and thus to enable steady-state diffusion creep to be observed on a time scale accessible to MD simulations (of typically 10^-9s), our input microstructures were tailored to (i) have a uniform grain shape and a uniform grain size of nm dimensions and (ii) contain only high-energy grain boundaries which are known to exhibit rather fast, liquid-like self-diffusion. Our simulations reveal that under relatively high tensile stresses these microstructures, indeed, exhibit steady-state diffusion creep that is homogenous (i.e., involving no grain sliding), with a strain rate that agrees quantitatively with that given by the Coble-creep formula.     

中子活化分析在古陶瓷原料产地研究中的应用

介绍了用中子活化分析方法测量古陶瓷和仿古陶瓷中的微量元素,通过对这些测量数据进行模糊聚类分析 ,可以确定这些古陶瓷和仿古陶瓷的材料来源 ,寻找提高仿古陶瓷质量的途径.Trace-elements in ancient ceramics and imitative ancient ceramics were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The NAA data are then analyzed by fuzzy cluster method and the trend cluster diagram is obtained.The raw material sources of ancient ceramics and imitative ancient ceramics are determined. The path for improving quality of imitative ancient ceramics is found.     

铁基块体非晶合金在纳米压痕过程中的蠕变行为研究

利用纳米压痕技术研究了{［（Fe_0.6Co_0.4）_0.75B_0.2Si_0.05］_0.96Nb_0.04}₉₆Cr₄铁基块体非晶合金的室温蠕变行为及不同的加载速率对该块体非晶合金蠕变变形的影响.{［（Fe_0.6Co_0.4）_0.75B_{0.2< 关键词： 块体非晶合金 蠕变 EVEV模型 蠕变速率敏感指数}     

Short-Circuit Diffusion in Ceramics

This article discusses grain boundary diffusion in ceramics. It gives a brief review of the experimental data available for ionic oxides and the problems of interpretation associated with it. The fundamental differences between grain boundary diffusion in metals and ceramics are noted. Calculations of the segregation of defects and impurities to grain boundaries are discussed together with methods of calculating diffusion coefficients in these boundaries. New results for alumina and chromia are presented. The problem of defining a grain boundary width is discussed with respect to new calculations on nickel oxide.     

巴勒斯坦古陶瓷的显微拉曼光谱分析

本文采用显微拉曼光谱技术对巴勒斯坦古陶瓷胎体及釉面中的微米级晶粒进行测试与分析 ,结合矿物标准拉曼谱 ,实现了对多种矿物晶粒的检测与识别。研究结果表明 :显微拉曼光谱技术能够快速、准确、非破坏地测试研究古陶瓷的矿物组成 ,对古陶瓷的鉴定与分析有重要应用意义。     

Relaxation and Creep of Dry Bulk Solids

In former investigations it has been shown that creep (constant stress, altering strain) and relaxation (constant strain, decreasing stress) can be observed with dry bulk solids. Both effects are covered when investigating the time dependent behaviour of bulk solids where time dependence can also mean an increase of the deformation resistance with increasing deformation rate. In this paper the investigated time dependent effects do not include time consolidation. The effects of creep and relaxation are often neglected for bulk solids because in many applications the influence of these time dependent behaviours is of minor importance. A deeper insight into the bulk solids flow characteristics and mechanisms can only be obtained when time dependence is taken into consideration.     

Creep strain recovery of Fe-Ni-B amorphous metallic ribbon

Creep strain recovery and structural relaxation of the amorphous metallic glass Fe₄₀Ni₄₁B₁₉ after longtime loading at different annealing temperatures below the glass transition temperature have been studied using anisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dilatometry (TMA). It has been demonstrated that structural relaxation effects depend on the stress-annealing temperature of the amorphous ribbon. The structural relaxation states of the amorphous ribbon annealed at different temperatures under and without applied stress have been compared. The activation energy spectra were calculated from the anisothermal dilatometric measurements using the modern method based on the Fourier transformation technique. The influence of the annealing temperature on the shape of creep strain recovery spectra has been analyzed.      

放电等离子烧结制备ZrB2-SiC超高温陶瓷的力学性能及氧化行为

在服役环境中,超高声速飞行器表面与空气剧烈摩擦导致温度极高。超高温陶瓷相较于一般陶瓷而言具有高熔点和良好的抗氧化烧蚀性能,是目前极具前景的热防护材料之一。采用放电等离子两步烧结工艺将ZrB2纳米粉末和SiC粉末在1700℃下制备超高温陶瓷材料ZrB2-20%SiC,通过纳米压痕微观实验、三点弯实验研究其力学性能及其在高温环境下的氧化行为,着重分析1000、1200、1400和1600℃4种不同氧化温度下ZrB2-20%SiC超高温陶瓷的氧化表面、氧化截面和氧化层厚度。结果表明:ZrB2-20%SiC超高温陶瓷的硬度为18 GPa,弹性模量为541 GPa,断裂韧性为5.7 MPa·m1/2;当氧化温度为1600℃时,超高温陶瓷内部的SiC由被动氧化转变为主动氧化,并且随着氧化温度升高,超高温陶瓷氧化层厚度与氧化温度呈正相关。     

氟氧化物陶瓷的多谱线上转换发光

以氧化硅、氟化铅为基质制备了Er3 :Yb3 共掺杂氟氧化物陶瓷 ,X 射线分析表明陶瓷中存在着 β PbF2 晶相 ,沉积在其中的稀土离子由于具有很低的无辐射跃迁几率而显示出良好的上转换性能。Er3 ,Yb3 离子之间存在的多种能量传递通道 ,导致稀土离子十分丰富的上转换谱线的出现。     

Effect of High-Temperature Structure and Diffusion on Grain-Boundary Diffusion Creep in fcc Metals

Molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy twist and tilt bicrystals of fcc palladium reveal a universal, liquid-like, isotropic high-temperature diffusion mechanism, characterized by a rather low self-diffusion activation energy that is independent of the boundary type or misorientation. Medium-energy grain boundaries exhibit the same behavior at the highest temperatures; however, at lower temperatures the diffusion mechanism becomes anisotropic, with a higher, misorientation-dependent activation energy. Our simulations demonstrate that the lower activation energy at elevated temperatures is caused by a structural transition, from a solid boundary structure at low temperatures to a liquid-like structure at high temperatures. We demonstrate that the existence of such a transition has important consequences for diffusion creep in nanocrystalline fcc metals. In particular, our simulations reveal that in the absence of grain growth, nanocrystalline microstructures containing only high-energy grain boundaries exhibit steady-state diffusion creep with a creep rate that agrees quantitatively with that given by the Coble-creep formula. Remarkably, the activation energy for the high-temperature creep rate is the same as that characterizing the universal high-temperature diffusion in high-energy energy bicrystalline grain boundaries.     

玻璃陶瓷PWG中的喇曼耦合系数对Raman散射的影响

应用修正的无序诱导散理论模型讨论了玻璃陶瓷（PbF2 WO3 GeO(PWG)中的喇曼耦合系数对Raman散射过程的影响。虽然普遍认为喇曼耦合系数是随频率而变化,但实际上它是空间相关函数的Furier分量,因此,严格地讲喇曼耦合系数是随动量（波矢q)而变化的,因而,玻璃陶瓷中的喇曼耦合系数描述了在Raman散射过程中发生在玻璃陶瓷中的动量交换相互作用。对于PWG中热活性拓动态的光谱分布曲线分析说明：指数衰减关系的卷积定性地表示了这个耦合系数。证明了简谐势与耦合系数有关的空间相关函数之和给出了非常类似于双阱势的畸变谐函数,根据弛豫模行为讨论了结合势的相关性。     

传统陶瓷中结构羟基的光谱学研究

烧结粘土产品可以吸收水分子发生再羟基化,生成结构羟基的量与产品保存时间存在一定关系,基于该理论可以利用热重分析方法对陶器制品进行测年研究.红外与拉曼光谱技术也可以用来分析结构羟基信息,因此人们希望探索利用光谱分析方法代替热重法进行传统陶瓷无损测年分析.为了验证可行性,收集了多种典型矿物原料和可溯源的传统陶瓷样品,利用红...     

纳米BaTiO3陶瓷的Raman光谱研究

高压能增加陶瓷烧结的致密驱动力和抑制陶瓷晶粒的长大。用高压辅助烧结的方法得到了晶粒尺寸约为60和30 nm的致密纳米BaTiO3陶瓷。BaTiO3陶瓷的晶体结构随温度的变化由变温Raman光谱来研究。在温度范围-190℃到200℃内,与粗晶的BaTiO3陶瓷相比,纳米BaTiO3陶瓷Raman散射结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸的减小,Raman峰的强度变弱,相变越来越弥散,出现了相变峰的消失;而且随着温度的升高,在纳米BaTiO3陶瓷甚至在30 nm BaTiO3陶瓷中都有与粗晶相同的从三方相到正交相到四方相到立方相的连续相变。变温Raman散射也表明,当晶粒大小减小到纳米尺寸时,纳米BaTiO3陶瓷表现出与粗晶不同的新颖性质。在一定的温度范围内,存在多种铁电相的共存。     

新型电光陶瓷调Q光纤激光器

报道了基于OptoCeramic(R)电光陶瓷材料的新型调Q光纤激光器.采用976 nm半导体激光器作为抽运源,电光陶瓷调制器作为Q开关,峰值吸收系数1200 Db/m的高掺杂镱纤作为增益介质构成环形腔激光器.增益光纤的高掺杂浓度使得激光器的腔长得到缩短,输出光脉冲的宽度得到压缩.通过调节电光元件的电压,控制材料的折射率,调节谐振腔的损耗,实现Q开关作用.实验中通过改变腔长、抽运功率和重复频率,研究了脉冲的输出特性.获得最窄脉宽104 ns,重复频率3～40 kHz连续可调的调Q脉冲输出.     

对压电陶瓷极化特性的研究

根据研究模型首先得出压电陶瓷极化特性的理论推测,然后使用DP-5型介电谱仪,测量由压电陶瓷材料制作的蜂鸣器。实验测出压电陶瓷的极化方式与极化率和外场频率有关,随着频率的增加,压电陶瓷的离子位移极化率、电介质分子取向极化的极化率将减小,最终表现为相对介电常数减小。实验结果与理论猜测吻合。     

铒离子在氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中的上转换发光特性研究

用转移函数方法分析了Er^3 在铒镱共掺杂的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中的上转换发光过程,Er^3 绿色辐射的上转换发光强度与泵浦激光功率的非平方关系是由于Er^3 和Yb^3 之间的强交叉驰豫过程引起的,讨论了在稀土离子共掺杂的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中提高Er^3 的上转换发光强度的几种方法。     

Grain Boundary Migration in Ceramics

During ceramic fabrication, densification processes compete with coarsening processes to determine the path of microstructural evolution. Grain growth is a key coarsening process. This paper examines grain boundary migration in ceramics, and discusses the effects of solutes, pores, and liquid phases on grain boundary migration rates. An effort is made to highlight work in the past decade that has contributed to and advanced our understanding of solute drag effects, pore-boundary interactions, and the role of liquid phases in grain growth and microstructural evolution. Anisotropy of the grain boundary mobility, and its role in the development of anisotropic (anisometric) microstructures is discussed as it is a central issue in recent efforts to produce ceramic materials with new combinations of properties and functionality.