Reductions by titanium(II) as catalyzed by titanium(IV)

The cobalt(III) complexes, [(NH3)5CoBr]2+ and [(NH3)5CoI]2+ are reduced by Ti(II) solutions containing Ti(IV), generating nearly linear (zero-order) profiles that become curved only during the last few percent of reaction. Other Co(III)-Ti(II) systems exhibit the usual exponential traces with rates proportional to [Co(III)]. Observed kinetics of the biphasic catalyzed Ti(II)-Co(III)Br and Ti(II)-Co(III)I reactions support the reaction sequence: [Ti(II)(H20)n]2+ + [Ti(IV)F5]- (k1)<==>(k -1) [Ti(II)(H2O)(n-1)]2+ + [(H2O)Ti(IV)F5]-, [Ti(II)(H2O)(n-1)]2+ + Co(III) (k2)--> Ti(III) + Co(II) with rates determined mainly by the slow Ti(IV)-Ti(II) ligand exchange (k1 = 9 x 10(-3) M(-1) s(-1) at 22 degrees C). Computer simulations of the catalyzed Ti(II)-Co(III) reaction in perchlorate-triflate media yield relative rates for reduction by the proposed active [Ti(II)(H2O)(n-1)]2+ intermediate; k(Br)/k(I) = 8.     

Reactions of tris(oxalato)cobaltate(III) with two-electron reductants

The tris(oxalato)cobaltate(III) complex [Co(C(2)O(4))(3)](3-), E(o)(Co)(III/II)=+0.57 V) is readily reduced by the 2e(-) reagents, Sn(II) and Ge(II), in contrast to (NH(3))(5)CoCl(2+) and (NH(3))(5)CoBr(2+), which are unreactive toward these donors. Rates for the oxalato oxidant are only 10(-3)-10(-2) as great as those for vitamin B(12a)(aquacob(III)alamin, E(o)+0.35 V at pH 1), in accord with the suggestion that reductions of corrin-bound cobalt(III) by Sn(II) and Ge(II) occur predominantly through an additional path involving Co(i). Reductions of the oxalato complex by 2e(-) donors are taken to proceed by initial formation of odd-electron intermediates (e.g., Sn(III) and Ge(III)) which react rapidly with Co(III). Such a two-step sequence is in keeping with the observed behavior of the rare reductant, Ti(II), which is found to be oxidized by [Co(C(2)O(4))(3)](3-) more slowly than (independently prepared) Ti(III) under comparable conditions.     

Molybdenum and copper catalysis of reductions by titanium(II) and titanium(III)

Reductions of vanadium(IV), benzoquinone, and tri-iodide, both by titanium(III) and by titanium(II), are catalyzed by molybdenum(VI). The VO(2+)-Ti(II) reaction is catalyzed by copper(II) as well. Reactions of Ti(II) with the oxidant in excess yield Ti(IV), as do reductions by Ti(III). Reactions proceed via competing uncatalyzed and catalyzed paths, with the latter components first order in catalyst. Kinetic patterns indicate that monomeric Mo(v) is the active species, but the dimeric Mo(v) species, [Mo(2)O(4)](2+), is without catalytic action. Catalytic constants pertaining to Ti(III) are remarkably similar to those for Ti(II), despite the 0.47 V difference in the standard potentials of the two reductants.     

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution at low overpotentials by cobalt macrocyclic glyoxime and tetraimine complexes

Cobalt complexes supported by diglyoxime ligands of the type Co(dmgBF2)2(CH3CN)2 and Co(dpgBF2)2(CH3CN)2 (where dmgBF2 is difluoroboryl-dimethylglyoxime and dpgBF2 is difluoroboryl-diphenylglyoxime), as well as cobalt complexes with [14]-tetraene-N4 (Tim) ligands of the type [Co(TimR)X2]n+ (R=methyl or phenyl, X=Br or CH3CN; n=1 with X=Br and n=3 with X=CH3CN), have been observed to evolve H2 electrocatalytically at potentials between -0.55 V and -0.20 V vs SCE in CH3CN. The complexes with more positive Co(II/I) redox potentials exhibited lower activity for H2 production. For the complexes Co(dmgBF2)2(CH3CN)2, Co(dpgBF2)2(CH3CN)2, [Co(TimMe)Br2]Br, and [Co(TimMe)(CH3CN)2](BPh4)3, bulk electrolysis confirmed the catalytic nature of the process, with turnover numbers in excess of 5 and essentially quantitative faradaic yields for H2 production. In contrast, the complexes [Co(TimPh/Me)Br2]Br and [Co(TimPh/Me)(CH3CN)2](BPh4)3 were less stable, and bulk electrolysis only produced faradaic yields for H2 production of 20-25%. Cyclic voltammetry of Co(dmgBF2)2(CH3CN)2, [Co(TimMe)Br2]+, and [Co(TimMe)(CH3CN)2]3+ in the presence of acid revealed redox waves consistent with the Co(III)-H/Co(II)-H couple, suggesting the presence of Co(III) hydride intermediates in the catalytic system. The potentials at which these Co complexes catalyzed H2 evolution were close to the reported thermodynamic potentials for the production of H2 from protons in CH3CN, with the smallest overpotential being 40 mV for Co(dmgBF2)2(CH3CN)2 determined by electrochemistry. Consistent with this small overpotential, Co(dmgBF2)2(CH3CN)2 was also able to oxidize H2 in the presence of a suitable conjugate base. Digital simulations of the electrochemical data were used to study the mechanism of H2 evolution catalysis, and these studies are discussed.     

Electron Transfer. 130. Reductions with Indium(I)(1)

Aqueous solutions of the hypovalent state indium(I) have been prepared by treatment of In(Hg) with silver triflate in acetonitrile, followed by dilution with oxygen-free water. These solutions are stable for over 5 h at 25 degrees C. In(I)(aq) reacts with oxidants of the type [(NH(3))(5)Co(III)(Lig)](2+) (In(I) + 2Co(III) --> In(III) + 2Co(II)), and kinetic profiles are consistent with a two-step sequence proceeding with formation of the metastable state In(II), which reacts rapidly with Co(III). Rate ratios for reductions of halogeno-substituted oxidants point to predominance of halide-bridged paths for the chloro, bromo and iodo complexes. Reductions of carboxylato-substituted derivatives are slow but appear to entail inner-sphere precursors if aided by an O-donor group in a position favorable for chelation. In no case is there evidence for reaction via initial reduction of the ligand (the radical-cation mechanism) although the potential of the In(I,II) couple (-0.40 V) allows this path for carbonyl-substituted oxidants. Reductions by In(I), like those by Eu(II), make no significant use of bridging by heterocyclic donor nitrogen centers in pyridine and pyrazine complexes.     

Synthesis of the pivalamidate-bridged pentanuclear platinum(II,III) linear complexes with Pt...Pt interactions

Pentanuclear linear chain Pt(II,III) complexes [[Pt2(NH3)2X2((CH3)3CCONH)2(CH2COCH3)]2[PtX'4]].nCH3COCH3 (X = X' = Cl, n = 2 (1a), X = Cl, X' = Br, n = 1 (1b), X = Br, X' = Cl, n = 2 (1c), X = X' = Br, n = 1 (1d)) composed of a monomeric Pt(II) complex sandwiched by two amidate-bridged Pt dimers were synthesized from the reaction of the acetonyl dinuclear Pt(III) complexes having equatorial halide ligands [Pt2(NH3)2X2((CH3)3CCONH)2(CH2COCH3)]X' ' (X = Cl (2a), Br (2b), X' ' = NO3-, CH3C6H4SO3-, BF4-, PF6-, ClO4-), with K2[PtX'4] (X' = Cl, Br). The X-ray structures of 1a-1d show that the complexes have metal-metal bonded linear Pt5 structures, and the oxidation state of the metals is approximately Pt(III)-Pt(III)...Pt(II)...Pt(III)-Pt(III). The Pt...Pt interactions between the dimer units and the monomer are due to the induced Pt(II)-Pt(IV) polarization of the Pt(III) dimeric unit caused by the electron withdrawal of the equatorial halide ligands. The density functional theory calculation clearly shows that the Pt...Pt interactions between the dimers and the monomer are made by the electron transfer from the monomer to the dimers. The pentanuclear complexes have flexible Pt backbones with the Pt chain adopting either arch or sigmoid structures depending on the crystal packing.     

Structural, spectroscopic and thermal characterization of 2-tert-butylaminomethylpyridine-6-carboxylic acid methylester and its Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and UO(2)(II) complexes

Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and UO(2)(II) complexes with the ligand 2-tert-butylaminomethylpyridine-6-carboxylic acid methylester (HL(2)) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, magnetic moment, thermal analysis and spectral data. 1:1 M:HL(2) complexes, with the general formula [M(HL(2))X(2)].nH(2)O (where M = Co(II) (X = Cl, n = 0), Ni(II) (X = Cl, n = 3), Cu(II) (grey colour, X = AcO, n = 1), Cu(II) (yellow colour, X = Cl, n = 0) and Zn(II) (X = Br, n = 0). In addition, the Fe(III) and UO(2)(II) complexes of the type 1:2 M:HL(2) and with the formulae [Fe(L(2))(2)]Cl and [UO(2)(HL(2))(2)](NO(3))(2) are prepared. From the IR data, it is seen that HL(2) ligand behaves as a terdentate ligand coordinated to the metal ions via the pyridyl N, carboxylate O and protonated NH group; except the Fe(III) complex, it coordinates via the deprotonated NH group. This is supported by the molar conductance data, which show that all the complexes are non-electrolytes, while the Fe(III) and UO(2)(II) complexes are 1:1 electrolytes. IR and H1-NMR spectral studies suggest a similar behaviour of the Zn(II) complex in solid and solution states. From the solid reflectance spectral data and magnetic moment measurements, the complexes have a trigonal bipyramidal (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes) and octahedral (Fe(III), UO(2)(II) complexes) geometrical structures. The thermal behaviour of the complexes is studied and the different dynamic parameters are calculated applying Coats-Redfern equation.     

Co-ordination compounds of diacetyldihydrazone and diacetylbis(monomethylhydrazone)

Summary Diacetyldihydrazone (DADH) forms only six-coordinate complexes with iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II). In M(DADH)₂X₂ (M=Fe, X=Br or I; M=Co, X=I; M=Ni, X=Cl, Br or NCS) the ligand is chelating in the [M(DADH)₃]²⁺ cations, while in M(DADH)₂X₂ (M=Co, X=Cl or Br; M=Ni, X=Cl or Br) the ligand is probably bridging and bidentate. Diacetylbismonomethylhydrazone (DAMH), by contrast, forms predominantly tetrahedral complexes M(DAMH)X₂ (M=Fe or Co, X=Cl or Br; M=Ni, X=Br; M=Co, X=NCS; M=Zn, X=Cl, Br or NCS) and some octahedral complexes M(DAMH)₂X₂ (M=Co, X=NCS; M=Ni, X=Br). The i.r. spectra, electronic spectra and magnetic moments of the complexes are discussed.     

Ring-opening reactions induced by gold(I) of five- and four-coordinate palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes containing tripodal or linear polyphosphines

The tripodal ligands NP(3)(tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]amine) and PP(3)(tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine), form five-coordinate [Pd(NP(3))X]X [X = Cl (1), Br (2)], [M(PP(3))X]X [M = Pd: X = Cl (4), Br (5), I (6); M = Pt, X = Cl (7), Br (8), I (9)] and four-coordinate[Pd(NP(3))I]I (3) complexes containing three fused rings around the metal. The interaction between Au(tdg)X (tdg = thiodiglycol; X = Cl, Br) or AuI and the respective ionic halo complexes 1-9 in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio occurs via a ring-opening reaction with formation of the heterobimetallic systems PdAu(NP(3))X(3)[X = Cl (11), Br (12), I (13)], [MAu(PP(3))X(2)]X [M = Pd: X = Cl (14), Br (15), I (16); M = Pt: X = Cl (17), Br (18), I (19)]. The cations of complexes 17 and 18 were shown, by X-ray diffraction, to contain a distorted square-planar Pt(II) arrangement (Pt(P(2)P)X) where PP(3) is acting as tridentate chelating ligand and an almost linear PAuX moiety bearing the dangling phosphorus formed in the ring-opening process. PPh(3) coordinates to Au(I) and not to M(II) when added in excess to 14 and 17. Complexes 14-17 and [Pt(P(4))](BPh(4))(2) (10) (P4=linear tetraphosphine) also react with A(I), via chelate ring-openings to give MAu(2)(PP(3))X(4) [M = Pd: X = Cl (20), Br (21), I (22); M = Pt: X = Cl (23)] and [Pt(2)Au(2)(mu-Cl)(2)(mu-P(4))(2)](BPh(4))(4) (24), respectively.     

Electron-Transfer Reactions of Re(CO)(5): Atom-Transfer-Concerted Mechanism vs Bimetallic Intermediate Formation

Flash photochemically generated Re(CO)(5) reacts with halide complexes, Cu(Me(4)[14]-1,3,8,10-tetraeneN(4))X(+), Cu(Me(2)pyo[14]trieneN(4))X(+), and Ni(Me(2)pyo[14]trieneN(4))X(+) (X = Cl, Br, I) and ion pairs, [Co(bipy)(3)(3+), X(-)]. The rate constants for the electron transfers have values, k approximately 10(9) M(-1) s(-1), close to expectations for processes with diffusion-controlled rates. Reaction intermediates, probably bimetallic species, were detected in electron-transfer reactions of Re(CO)(5) with Cu(Me(6)[14]dieneN(4))X(+), (X = Cl, Br, I). In the absence of the halides X(-), the electron-transfer reactions between Re(CO)(5) and these complexes are slow, k < 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). The results are discussed in terms of inner-sphere pathways, namely an atom-transfer-concerted mechanism. The mediation of bimetallic intermediates in the electron transfer is also considered.     

Ammonolysis of mono(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) titanium(IV) derivatives

Ammonolyses of mono(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) titanium(IV) derivatives [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)X3] (X = NMe2, Me, Cl) have been carried out in solution to give polynuclear nitrido complexes. Reaction of the tris(dimethylamido) derivative [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(NMe2)3] with excess of ammonia at 80-100 degrees C gives the cubane complex [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)]4(mu3-N)4] (1). Treatment of the trimethyl derivative [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me3] with NH3 at room temperature leads to the trinuclear imido-nitrido complex [[Ti(eta/5-CsMes)(mu-NH)]3(mu3-N)] (2) via the intermediate [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me]2(mu-NH)2] (3). The analogous reaction of [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me3] with 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (ArNH2) gives the dinuclear imido complex [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me])2(mu-NAr)2] (4) which reacts with ammonia to afford [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(NH2)]2(mu-NAr)2] (5). Complex 2 has been used, by treatments with the tris(dimethylamido) derivatives [Ti(eta5-C5H5-nRn)(NMe2)3], as precursor of the cubane nitrido systems [[Ti4(eta5-C5Me5)3(eta5-C5H5-nRn)](mu3-N)4] [R = Me n = 5 (1), R = H n = 0 (6), R = SiMe3 n = 1 (7), R = Me n = 1 (8)] via dimethylamine elimination. Reaction of [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Cl3] or [Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(NMe2)Cl2] with excess of ammonia at room temperature gives the dinuclear complex [[Ti2(eta5-C5Me5)2Cl3(NH3)](mu-N)] (9) where an intramolecular hydrogen bonding and a nonlineal nitrido ligand bridge the "Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Cl(NH3)" and "Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Cl2" moieties. The molecular structures of [[Ti(eta5-C5Me5)Me]2 (mu-NAr)2] (4) and [[Ti2(eta5-C5Me5)2Cl3(NH3)](mu-N)] (9) have been determined by X-ray crystallographic studies. Density functional theory calculations also have been conducted on complex 9 to confirm the existence of an intramolecular N-H...Cl hydrogen bond and to evaluate different aspects of its molecular disposition.     

Cobalt half-sandwich, sandwich, and mixed sandwich complexes with soft tripodal ligands

Reaction of sodium hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate (NaTm(Me)) with cobalt halides leads to the formation of paramagnetic pseudotetrahedral [Co(Tm(Me))X] (X = Cl, Br, I), of which the bromide has been crystallographically characterized. Mass spectrometry reveals the presence of higher molecular weight fragments [Co(Tm(Me))(2)](+) and [Co(2)(Tm(Me))(2)X](+) in solution. Aerial oxidation in donor solvents (e.g. MeCN) leads to formation of the [Co(Tm(Me))(2)](+) cation, which has been crystallographically characterized as the BF(4)(-), ClO(4)(-), Br(-), and I(-), salts. Attempts to prepare the mixed sandwich complex, [Co(Cp)(Tm(Me))](+), resulted in ligand decomposition to yield [Co(mtH)(3)I]I (mtH = 1-methylimidazole-2-thione), but with the more electron donating methylcyclopentadienyl (Cp(Me)) ligand, [Co(Cp(Me))(Tm(Me))]I was isolated and characterized. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the cobalt(III) Tm(Me) complexes are consistently more difficult to reduce than their Tp and Cp congeners.     

固相配位化学反应研究——ⅩⅩⅩⅩⅠ.[Co(NH_3)_5(H_2O)]Br_3,[Cr(NH_3)_5(H_2O)](NO_3)_3与无机盐KY(Y=Cl,Br,Ⅰ)的固相反应动力学研究

本文主要用气相色谱逸出气体分析方法,借助于红外、紫外可见漫反射谱等手段研究了[Co(NH_3)_5(H_2O)]Br_3、[Cr(NH_3)_5(H_2O)](NO_3)_3与无机盐KY(Y=Cl,Br,Ⅰ)的固相反应,计算了失水与失氨的动力学参数,发现第一步反应失水生成一取代中间产物,其活化能与外加阴离子无关,为S_N1过程。第二步失氨反应活化能与中心离子M以及取代基Y有关,当M=Co(Ⅲ)时,反应体系的失氨活化能大小有下列顺序:Cl>Br>Ⅰ(E值分别为187、155、98kJ·mol~(-1)),M=Cr(Ⅲ)时则正好相反:Ⅰ>Br>Cl(E值分别为213、146、79 kJ·mol~(-1))。     

Combination of visible-light responsive heterogeneous and homogeneous photocatalysts for water oxidation

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO(4)), which is a visible-light responsive heterogeneous photocatalyst, was combined with homogeneous ruthenium complexes to increase the overall photocatalytic reactivity for water oxidation with a one-electron oxidant, [Co(III)(NH(3))(5)Cl](2+). Photoinduced electron transfer from the excited state of ruthenium(II) complexes to [Co(III)(NH(3))(5)Cl](2+) affords ruthenium(III) complexes which can oxidize water to oxygen with BiVO(4) under visible light irradiation.     

溴化顺式-溴•氨•二(乙二胺)合钴(III)绝对不对称合成与拆分机理*

分别用绝对不对称合成和改进的拆分方法制备标题配合物Λ-(+)D-cis-[CoBr(NH3)(en)2]Br2(1)和Δ-(-)D-cis-[CoBr(NH3)(en)2]Br2(2), 以及制备了cis-[CoBr(NH3)(en)2]Br2·2H2O(3)(en=1,2-乙二胺). 用元素分析、差热-热重、旋光度、UV-Vis、CD 光谱等对产物进行了表征.通过CD 光谱法获得了绝对不对称合成Co(III)配合物的产物ee 值分布图援当利用绝对不对称合成得到的手性Co(III)配合物去“逆向拆分”外消旋溴代樟脑磺酸铵[NH4(dl-BCS)]时只获得部分拆分, 初步认为这与交互拆分过程中阴阳离子之间的有效手性识别有关, 对于手性Co(III)配合物的绝对不对称合成还提出了一个新的反应机理,即“催化-结晶诱导”机理.     

Studies on synthesis,determination of CMC values,kinetics and the mechanism of iron(II) reduction of surfactant–Co(III)–ethylenediamine complexes in aqueous acid medium

The surfactant–Co(III) complexes of the type cis-[Co(en)₂AX]²⁺ (A?=?Tetradecylamine, X?=?Cl^?,?Br^?) were synthesised from corresponding dihalogeno complexes by the ligand substitution method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of these surfactant complexes in aqueous solution were obtained from conductance measurements. The kinetics and mechanism of iron(II) reduction of surfactant–Co(III) complexes, cis-[Co(en)₂(C₁₄H₂₉NH₂)Cl](ClO₄)₂ and cis-[Co(en)₂(C₁₄H₂₉NH₂)Br] (ClO₄)₂ ions were studied spectrophotometrically in an aqueous acid medium by following the disappearance of Co(III) using an excess of the reductant under pseudo-first-order conditions: [Fe(II)]?=?0.25?mol?dm^?3, [H⁺]?=?0.1?mol?dm^?3, [μ]?=?1.0?mol?dm^?3 ionic strength in a nitrogen atmosphere at 303, 308 and 313?K. The reaction was found to be of second order and showed acid independence in the range [H⁺]?=?0.05–0.25?mol?dm^?3. The second-order rate constant increased with surfactant–Co(III) concentration and the presence of aggregation of the complex itself altered the reaction rate. The effects of [Fe(II)], [H⁺] and [μ] on the rate were determined. Activation and thermodynamic parameters were computed. It is suggested that the reaction of [Fe(II)] with Co(III) complex proceeds by an inner-sphere mechanism.     

Anion recognition of chloride and bromide by a rigid dicobalt(II) cryptate

The crystal structures of [Co 2L(Cl)](ClO 4) 3 ( 1), [Co 2L(Br)](ClO 4) 3 ( 2), [Co 2L(OH)(OH 2)]I 3 ( 3), and [Co 2L (1)(Cl)](ClO 4) 3 ( 4), the density functional theory calculations, as well as the binding constants of [Co 2L] (4+) toward Cl (-) and Br (-) and of [Co 2L (1)] (4+) toward Cl (-), are reported in this paper (L = N[(CH 2) 2NHCH 2(C 6H 4- p)CH 2NH(CH 2) 2] 3N, L (1) = N[(CH 2) 2NHCH 2(C 6H 4- m)CH 2NH(CH 2) 2] 3N). The rigid dicobalt(II) cryptate [Co 2L] (4+) shows the recognition of Cl (-) and Br (-) but not of F (-) and I (-), because of the size matching to its rigid cavity. We also found that the relative rigid tripodal skeleton of L than that of L (1) results in the higher affinity of [Co 2L] (4+) toward Cl (-). Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 and 2 indicate that the two Co(II) atoms in the cryptates are antiferromagnetically coupled through the Cl (-)/Br (-) bridge, with g = 2.19, J = -13.7 cm (-1) for 1, and g = 2.22, J = -17.1 cm (-1) for 2.     

Vinyl-vinyl coupling on late transition metals through C-C reductive elimination mechanism. A computational study

A detailed density functional study was performed for the vinyl-vinyl reductive elimination reaction from bis-sigma-vinyl complexes [M(CH=CH(2))(2)X(n)]. It was shown that the activity of these complexes decreases in the following order: Pd(IV), Pd(II) > Pt(IV), Pt(II), Rh(III) > Ir(III), Ru(II), Os(II). The effects of different ligands X were studied for both platinum and palladium complexes, which showed that activation barriers for C-C bond formation reaction decrease in the following order: X = Cl > Br, NH(3) > I > PH(3). Steric effects induced either by the ligands X or by substituents on the vinyl group were also examined. In addition, the major factors responsible for stereoselectivity control on the final product formation stage and possible involvement of asymmetric coupling pathways are reported. In all cases DeltaE, DeltaH, DeltaG, and DeltaG(aq) energy surfaces were calculated and analyzed. The solvent effect calculation shows that in a polar medium halogen complexes may undergo a reductive elimination reaction almost as easily as compounds with phosphine ligands.     

Supramolecular complexation of alkali cations through mechanochemical reactions between crystalline solids

The organometallic zwitterion [Co(III)(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)COOH)(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)COO)] reacts quantitatively as a solid polycrystalline phase with a number of crystalline alkali salts MX (M = K(+), Rb(+), Cs(+), NH(4) (+); X = Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), PF(6)(-), although not in all cation/anion permutations) to afford supramolecular complexes of the formula [Co(III)(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)COOH)(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)COO)](2).M(+)X(-). In some cases, the mechanochemical complexation requires kneading of the two solids with a catalytic amount of water. The characterization of the solid-state products has been achieved by a combination of X-ray single-crystal and powder-diffraction experiments. The hydrogen-bonding interactions have been investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The mechanochemical reactions imply a profound solid-state rearrangement accompanied by breaking and forming of O-H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions between the organometallic molecules. All compounds could also be obtained by solution crystallization of the inorganic salts in the presence of the organometallic unit. The solid-state complexation of alkali cations by the organometallic zwitterion has been described as a special kind of solvation process taking place in the solid state.     

From a trinuclear platinum(III) phosphido derivative to a platinum(II) cluster: formation of a P-C bond

Reaction of the trinuclear Pt(III)-Pt(III)-Pt(II) [(C6F5)2Pt(III)(mu-PPh2)2Pt(III)(mu-PPh2)2Pt(C6F5)2] (2) derivative with NBu4Br or NBu4I results in the formation of the trinuclear Pt(II) complexes [NBu4][(PPh2C6F5)(C6F5)Pt(mu-PPh2)(mu-X)Pt(mu-PPh2)2Pt(C6F5)2] [X = I (3), Br (4)] through an intramolecular PPh2/C6F5 reductive coupling and the formation of the phosphine PPh2C6F5. The trinuclear Pt(II) complex [(PPh2C6F5)(C6F5)Pt(mu-PPh2)Pt(mu-PPh2)2Pt(C6F5)2] (5), which displays two Pt-Pt bonds, can be obtained either by halide abstraction in 4 or by refluxing of 2 in CH2Cl2. This latter process also implies an intramolecular PPh2/C6F5 reductive coupling. Treatment of complex 5 with several ligands (Br-, H-, and CO) results in the incorporation of the ligand to the cluster and elimination of one (X = H-) or both (X = Br-, CO) Pt-Pt bonds, forming the trinuclear complexes [NBu4][(PPh2C6F5)(C6F5)Pt(mu-PPh2)(mu-X)Pt(mu-PPh2)2Pt(C6F5)2] [X = Br (6), H (7)] or [(PPh2C6F5)(C6F5)Pt(mu-PPh2)2Pt(mu-PPh2)(CO)Pt(C6F5)2(CO)] (8). The structures of the complexes have been established on the basis of 1H, 19F, and 31P NMR data, and the X-ray structures of the complexes 2, 3, 5, and 7 have been established. The chemical relationship between the different complexes has also been studied.