双色激光场中高次谐波转化效率的提高

采用渐近边界条件和辛算法数值求解双色激光场与模型P?schl-Teller势相互作用的含时Schr?dinger方程，计算了电离概率、平均位移、高次谐波以及跃迁概率；数值结果显示添加6倍频光的双色激光场能使高次谐波转化效率明显提高.分析了双色激光场极大地提高高次谐波转化效率的机理，并且通过对产生特定级次谐波的跃迁概率的计算，给出高次谐波转化效率提高的具体数值. 关键词： 渐近边界条件 辛算法 双色激光场 高次谐波     

Control mechanism of atomic ionization and high-order harmonic generation assisted by attosecond pulses

Attosecond pulses combined with infrared laser constitute a powerful tool for controlling atomic photoionization and high-order harmonic generation (HHG). We apply the intense-field many-body S-matrix theory to solve such two-pulse excitation problems. The theory can give a clear explanation for the oscillation of ionization probability as a function of time delay between infrared field and attosecond pulses with central frequency lying below ionization threshold at moderate infrared intensities. The HHG assisted by such attosecond pulses is also interpreted. In addition to a known dramatic enhancement of HHG, a harmonic emission from rapid oscillation of bound-state population caused by the counter-rotating wave is presented.     

Generation of an isolated sub-30 attosecond pulse in a two-color laser field and a static electric field

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from a helium ion model in a two-color laser field,which is synthesized by a fundamental pulse and its second harmonic pulse.It is shown that a supercontinuum spectrum can be generated in the two-color field.However,the spectral intensity is very low,limiting the application of the generated attosecond(as) pulse.By adding a static electric field to the synthesized two-color field,not only is the ionization yield of electrons contributing to the harmonic emission remarkably increased,but also the quantum paths of the HHG can be significantly modulated.As a result,the extension and enhancement of the supercontinuum spectrum are achieved,producing an intense isolated 26-as pulse with a bandwidth of about 170.5 eV.In particular,we also analyse the influence of the laser parameters on the ultrabroad supercontinuum spectrum and isolated sub-30-as pulse generation.     

采用双脉冲提高谐波谱的谱线密度

通过计算线偏振双脉冲激光场与一维氢原子模型相互作用产生的高次谐波辐射谱的含时Schrdinger方程. 研究发现,选用适宜的双脉冲激光组合可以增加谐波谱的密度,这样的谐波谱特别适合作为产生孤立阿秒脉冲的光源. 详细地分析了谐波谱线密度增加的物理机理,给出不同脉宽与谐波谱线密度增加的关系,从而可以有针对性地控制谐波谱线的疏密程度. 关键词： 高次谐波 阿秒脉冲 双脉冲     

Theoretical Study of High-Order Harmonic Generation From a Coherent Superposition State in a Chirp-Free Pulse Combined with a Chirped Control Pulse

In this paper, we theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from a helium atom prepared in a coherent superposition state in a two-color laser field. Numerical results show that the emission efficiency of the harmonic spectrum in a coherent superposition state is enhanced by approximately eight orders of magnitude compared with the case of the ground state. In addition, the effect of the initial population of the excited state on the HHG is presented to reveal the physical origin of the enhancement of HHG. By adjusting the laser parameters of the driving pulse, such as the chirping parameter, the relative phase, and the intensity of the driving pulse, an ultrabroad continuum with a width of 275 eV can be observed. Finally, an isolated 12-as pulse is generated after phase compensation.     

Two-center interference in high-harmonic generation of H_2~+ in a combination of a mid-infrared laser field and a terahertz field

We theoretically investigate the two-center interference in high-order harmonics generated from the H_2~+ in a combination of a mid-infrared laser and a terahertz field by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr ¨odinger equation(TDSE).The interference minima in high-order harmonic generation(HHG) are effectively suppressed when a THz field is added.The contribution to HHG from the two separate nuclei is used to demonstrate the locating order of the harmonic minima.Furthermore, we also investigate the emission time of harmonics. The results show that the intensity of the short path around 60 thorder after adding a THz field is stronger than that in the mid-infrared laser field, which further illustrates the suppression of the interference minima in HHG.     

靶源位置对强场高次谐波相位匹配的影响

为提高强激光场与惰性气体靶作用产生的孤立阿秒激光脉冲的能量,给出了一种实现高次谐波过程中最佳谐波相位匹配的定量实验方法。研究了气体靶源与高斯型驱动激光场聚焦点相对空间位置对谐波相位匹配及谐波产率的影响,得出了其最佳相位匹配位置始终位于驱动激光场聚焦点后3~5 mm,而在聚焦点之前的位置区域,严重的高次谐波相位失配导致谐波产率非常低。同时,在最佳相位匹配条件下,高次谐波场与驱动场具有相类似的空间强度分布特性,该结果印证了目前通常采用的高次谐波场为高斯光束的假设。     

Harmonic Enhancement Mechanism of a Superposition State Atom Irradiated by Short Pulses

We investigate the high-order harmonic generation （HHG） of a model atom whose initial state is prepared in a superposition of its ground state and an excited state irradiated by different duration laser pulses. Compared to the HHG generated from an atom whose initial state is in its ground state, its conversion efficiency obtains some enhancement. The enhancement originates from the higher ionization rate （rather than the ionization yield） of the atom with superposition initial state.     

椭圆偏振强激光场中准直的乙炔分子的高次谐波发射

We perform an experimental study on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of aligned acetylene molecules induced by a 35-fs 800-nm strong laser field, by using a home-built HHG spectrometer. It is observed that the molecular HHG probability declines with increasing the laser ellipticity, which is in consistence with the deduction from the well-known tunneling-plus-rescattering scenario. By introducing a weak femtosecond laser pulse to nonadiabatically align the molecules, we investigated the molecular orbital effect on the HHG in both linearly and elliptically polarized driving laser fields. The results show that the harmonic intensity is maximum for the molecular axis aligned perpendicularly to the laser electric field. It indicates that both the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) and HOMO-1 contribute to the strong-field HHG of acetylene molecules. Our study should pave the way for understanding the interaction of molecules with ultrafast strong laser fields.     

Single Ultrashort Attosecond Pulse Generation via Combination of Chirped Fundamental Laser and an Ultraviolet Controlling Pulse

We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from a hydrogen atom in an intense few-cycle chirped fundamental laser in combination with an ultraviolet (uv) controlling pulse.The high-order harmonic spectrum is calculated by solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation using the split-operator method.In our calculation,we present the difference of the high-order harmonic spectrum from one-dimensional (1D) model hydrogen atom and three-dimensional (3D) real hydrogen atom.We found that the plateau of the high-order harmonic generation from the 1D case and 3D case are all extended effectively to I p + 35U p due to the presence of the chirped laser pulse and the HHG supercontinuum spectrum is generated by adding an ultraviolet controlling pulse at a proper time,but the efficiency of the HHG for 3D case is more higher at the near cut-off region than the 1D case.Therefore,the generation of the attosecond pulse by synthesizing the harmonics near cut-off region have some slight differences between 1D and 3D simulations.As a real 3D case study,we show that an isolated 18 as pulse with a bandwidth of 232.5 eV is generated directly by optmizing the combination laser fields.     

Use of carbon-containing materials for efficient high-order harmonic generation of laser radiation

A systematic study of the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of laser radiation in various carbon-containing plasma plumes (CCPPs) is presented. The materials studied are: graphite, boron carbide, C₆₀, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, carbon nanotubes, and soot. These studies show that CCPPs present the best plasma media for efficient lower order (from 9th to 19th) harmonic generation, while the harmonic cutoff restricted to the 29th order. The advantages of CCPPs for the harmonic generation are confirmed by comparison of the HHG conversion efficiency with that in Ag and In plasma plumes, where the highest conversion efficiency was reported. Use of two-color pump scheme allows further enhancement of harmonic yield from the CCPPs.     

通过双色激光场和低频电场合成获得孤立40阿秒脉冲

本文提出了一个在双色激光场上叠加低频电场来拓宽高次谐波谱平台区域,从而获得孤立40阿秒脉冲的方案.计算中,我们针对氦原子数值求解了一维含时薛定谔方程,并结合电子的经典回碰动能随时间分布图以及时频分析图,分析了低频电场对高次谐波谱产生过程的影响.计算结果表明,该方案可以有效的拓宽谐波谱的平台区域.通过叠加适当阶数的谐波谱,我们得到了孤立40阿秒脉冲.     

High-order harmonic generation from organic molecules in ultra-short pulses

We have studied high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from organic molecules irradiated with near-infrared high intensity laser pulses of 70 fs and 240 fs duration. The molecular systems studied were the aromatics benzene and naphthalene and the alkanes cyclopropane and cyclohexane (cyclic) and n-hexane (linear). Harmonic intensities were measured both as a function of laser intensity (in the range 5×10¹³-5×10¹⁵ W cm^-2) and as a function of ellipticity of the laser field polarisation. The results were compared with those from the xenon atom. For 70 fs pulses, harmonic generation from the organic systems was similar to that of xenon, revealing an atom-like behaviour for molecules when the laser pulse duration is shorter than the fragmentation timescale of the molecule. We note significant differences between molecules with respect to HHG efficiencies and the suppression of HHG in larger species. We discuss these differences in the context of the molecular properties, electronic structure and behaviour of ionisation and fragmentation that result in enhancement of field ionisation in larger systems. Study of the polarisation ellipticity dependence of HHG shows that the harmonic yield in molecules is less sensitive to the polarisation than for atoms (xenon). This is consistent with the expected behaviour given the larger recollision cross-section presented by the core in the molecular system compared to the atom. Our results suggest that study of HHG from molecules exposed to ultra-short pulses is potentially a powerful tool for understanding the electron dynamics of molecules exposed to an intense field. Received 14 September 2000 and Received in final form 6 December 2000     

二维材料高次谐波及光波电子学

超短超强激光驱动固体介质产生高次谐波辐射受到了人们越来越多的关注。固体高次谐波产生于亚光周期电子运动,它提供了在极短时间尺度上研究光与固体材料高阶非线性相互作用的全新视角。与原子分子相比,组成固体材料的原子晶格具有平移对称性,因此固体高次谐波会呈现出特有的规律。相较于块体材料,二维材料独特的电光特性可以为高次谐波产生带来全新的特点,文章重点介绍几种二维材料高次谐波及其在光波电子学方面的研究进展。     

Effect of laser focus in two-color synthesized waveform on generation of soft x-ray high harmonics

Synthesis of multi-color laser pulses has been developed as a promising way to improve low conversion efficiency of high-order harmonic generation (HHG). Here we systematically study the effect of laser focus in a two-color waveform on generation of macroscopic HHG in soft x-rays. We find that the dependence of HHG yields on laser focus at low or high gas pressure is sensitive to the characteristics of single-atom harmonic response, in which "short"-or "long"-trajectory emissions can be selectively controlled by changing the waveform of two-color synthesized laser pulse. We uncover the phase-matching mechanism of HHG in the gas medium by examining the propagation of the two-color waveform and the evolution of time-frequency emissions of high-harmonic field. We further reveal that the nonlinear effects, such as geometric phase, atomic dispersion, and plasma defocusing, are responsible for modification of two-color waveform upon propagation. This work can be used to find better macroscopic conditions for generating soft x-ray HHG by employing two-color optimized waveforms.     

双色场中高次谐波转化效率提高的数值研究

采用渐近边界条件和辛算法数值求解了双色激光场分别与模型Pschl-Teller势和模型He⁺相互作用的含时Schrdinger方程的无穷空间初值问题,计算了电离概率、电子平均位移、高次谐波与跃迁概率;数值结果显示,添加适当的倍频光的双色激光场使高次谐波转化效率极大提高,并给出定性与定量分析. 关键词： 辛算法 双色激光场 高次谐波 定量分析     

Carrier-envelope phase measurement using plasmonic-field-enhanced high-order harmonic generation of H atom in few-cycle laser pulses

We investigate the plasmonic-field-enhanced high-order harmonic generation (HHG) of H atom driven by few-cycle laser pulses, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). Compared with the homogeneous field, HHG spectra generated by inhomogeneous field exhibit two-plateau structure. We analyze the origin of the two plateaus by using the semiclassical trajectory method. Our results from both classical and TDSE simulations show that the cutoffs of the two plateaus are dramatically affected by the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of laser pulse in the inhomogeneous field, even for a little longer pulse. Thus, we can determine the CEP of driving laser based on the cutoff position of HHG generated in the inhomogeneous field.     

通过双色场和静电场的合成来拓宽高次谐波谱

本篇文章提出了一种通过双色激光场和静电场合成来拓宽高次谐波谱平台区域的方案.我们针对氦原子数值求解了一维含时薛定谔方程,并且得到了不同合成激光场条件下的高次谐波谱,并结合了经典电离-回碰动能分布图和时频分布图分析了静电场对高次谐波谱产生过程的影响.计算结果表明,通过在双色激光场上叠加一个静电场,可以有效地拓宽高次谐波谱的平台区域,从而得到一个频带宽度为358eV的超连续谱.     

理论研究激光强度对H2+分子高次谐波产生的影响

本文通过求解非波恩-奥本海默近似条件下的一维含时薛定谔方程来研究脉冲强度对H₂⁺分子高次谐波的影响.由于干涉相消,在啁啾激光场的条件下在谐波谱中出现了干涉最小值.我们用全量子方法计算的时频分布图分析了分子高次谐波产生中的微观机制.此外,数值计算结果显示随着脉冲强度的增加电子的有质动力势随之增加,同时干涉最小值的位置移向谐波的高阶部分.     

Controlling the contributions to high-order harmonic generation from different nuclei of N_2 with an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field

The generation of high-order harmonic and the attosecond pulse of the N2 molecule with an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field are investigated by the strong-field Lewenstein model.We show that the control of contributions to high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from different nuclei is realized by properly selecting the relative phase.When the relative phase is chosen to be φ= 0.4π,the contribution to HHG from one nucleus is much more than that from another.Interference between two nuclei can be suppressed greatly; a supercontinuum spectrum of HHG appears from 40 e V to125 e V.The underlying physical mechanism is well explained by the time–frequency analysis and the semi-classical threestep model with a finite initial transverse velocity.By superposing several orders of harmonics,an isolated attosecond pulse with a duration of 80 as can be generated.