光学相干层析成像系统的实验研究

介绍了作者研究建立的光学相干层析（ＯＣＴ）成像系统,给出了利用该系统得以的实际生物样品光学相干层析图像,并对系统性能和结果作了分析,讨论了影响系统性能的一些因素及改进方法。     

Jones Matrix Imaging of Biological Samples Using Parallel-Detecting Polarization-Sensitive Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography

A polarization-sensitive Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (PS-FD-OCT) system has been developed. By using a two-dimensional CCD camera, this PS-FD-OCT simultaneously obtains two spectral interferograms corresponding to orthogonal polarization components of a probing beam. FD-OCT avoids axial mechanical scanning, therefore, two OCT images are obtained by a single lateral scanning. This system requires only two one-dimensional scannings for determining the Müller matrix images of a sample. In the Müller matrix images, the birefringence properties of the inner surface of a porcine esophagus are revealed.     

用于频域光学相干层析成像的深度分辨色散补偿方法

提出一种深度分辨的色散补偿方法,用于增强频域光学相干层析成像的纵向分辨率。将频域光学相干层析成像采集的干涉谱信号傅里叶变换到空域,获取对应不同深度的干涉谱条纹相位,通过对其进行调整实现对被测样品不同深度处的色散的精确补偿。避免传统方法中采用统一色散系数进行色散补偿所带来的过补偿与欠补偿误差,可以有效消除色散引起的频域光学相干层析成像系统点扩展函数的展宽和扭曲。模拟和实验结果表明,基于深度分辨的色散补偿方法在样品的全深度探测范围内可以达到较佳的补偿效果,可有效提高光学相干层析成像系统的纵向分辨率。     

样品散射对频域光学相干层析成像光谱形状和深度分辨率的影响

研究了样品散射性质对频域光学相干层析成像干涉谱信号和深度分辨率的影响。理论分析和模拟结果表明:样品散射使干涉谱信号的强度分布发生改变且向长波方向偏移,进而降低了成像的深度分辨率;样品的散射系数越大、深度越深,偏移越严重,深度分辨率降低越多;使用相应的校正函数可以提高深度分辨率。     

基于光学相干层析术的组织光学性质测量

通过在光学相干层析成像(Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT)模型中考虑多重散射的影响,提出了一种提取出不同深度处的组织光学性质,包括散射系数和各向异性因子的算法.当把吸收系数作为算法中的第三个拟合参量时,能减少算法拟合过程中由于吸收作用的影响而带来的误差.基于包含吸收因子的OCT扩展模型,改进的算法也能够提取出吸收系数.这些算法的有效性通过对聚苯乙烯微球溶液样品的测量实验得到验证.     

基于观察矩阵的频域光学相干层析成像图像重构算法

频域光学相干层析成像技术是一种新型的医学成像技术,其传统的图像重构算法主要是基于傅里叶变换。但这种重构算法的主要缺陷在于其纵向分辨率随着深度位置的变化而明显下降。为了使频域光学相干层析成像系统的纵向分辨率在整个成像深度内基本保持不变,提出了一种基于观察矩阵的图像重构法,并用该法重构了平面镜以及皮肤信号。结果表明,这种图像重构法能够使频域光学相干层析成像系统保持纵向分辨率不变。与文献报道相比,这种方法在保持系统简单性的同时,还保持了高的纵向分辨率,并在成像深度范围内使得纵向分辨率基本保持不变。     

Spectroscopic Measurement of Scattering Media by Parallel-Detection-Based Optical Coherence Tomography

We report on the spectroscopic optical coherence tomography of highly scattering media using a parallel detection scheme incorporated with an ultrabroadband femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser in the range of 700--880 nm. A plurality of spectrally-resolved reflectance profiles are simultaneously measured in a single longitudinal scan, from which information on the spectral content of the sample is derived. Differential absorption measurements of scattering media with known characteristics are performed to demonstrate the potential use in quantitative analysis.     

光学相干层析成像的图像重建

层析成像技术－光学相干层析术是基于光学低相干反射测量发展而来的。介绍了用图像恢复的基本原理在光学相干层析术图像增强方面的工作。通过实验测量行到了解卷积所必需的点扩展函数。重建后的膜层结构图像的深度分辨率提高了一个数量级,图像也取得了了的锐化、去噪的效果。     

Non-Scanning Optical Coherence Tomography Using Off-Axis Interferometry with an Angular-Dispersion Imaging Scheme

We present a non-scanning approach for real-time optical coherence tomography (OCT). Our approach is based on an off-axis interferometer that laterally projects the time-of-flight or depth information of the sample onto an image sensor. To facilitate the use of an off-axis interferometer in OCT, an angular-dispersion imaging method has been developed. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented to demonstrate that this method is capable of demodulating the interferogram and thus permits a direct inspection of the depth-resolved image. Depth resolution and detection range of the present method are also studied.     

频域光学相干层析术系统中高准确度高灵敏度补偿色散法

将色散测量方法和快速扫描延迟线技术相结合,在谱域光学相干层析系统中实现了对群延迟色散的精确补偿.在该方法中,先在样品臂中放入平面反射镜,等间隔移动参考臂中快速扫描延迟线系统中光栅的位置,同时测量系统参考臂和样品臂之间的群延迟色散差值.当该值为零时,则表明系统色散匹配.将该方法与基于点扩散函数半高宽的方法进行比较,发现基于半高宽方法的测量误差为4.43%,而该方法的测量误差为0.76%;在色散补偿过程中,随着色散匹配点的靠近,半高宽方法的灵敏度由92.105 3fs2减小到1.344 7×103 fs2,而新方法的灵敏度则保持165.789 5fs2,表明本文提出的色散补偿法具有较高的色散补偿准确度和灵敏度.实验表明,色散补偿后的系统分辨率接近理论值;在补偿系统色散的同时,还可以根据测量所得色散值的符号来判定光栅的移动方向,从而更容易地完成补偿工作.     

利用变迹术和相干门相结合实现光学相干层析成像术轴向超分辨

光学相十层析成像（光学相干层析成像术）的轴向分辨力由光源带宽和探测光束的聚焦条件共同决定。提高光学相干层析成像术轴向分辨力的方法主要基于带宽光源技术。提出了一种将变迹术与光学相十层析成像术相干门有机结合的方法来提高其轴向分辨力。通过适当形式的光瞳滤波器．使光学相干层析成像术系统轴向响应的主瓣宽度缩小到相干门之内,而其旁瓣则处于相干门之外．不对相干成像产生有效贡献。这样．就能在光源带宽不变的条件下,有效提高光学相十层析成像术的轴向分辨力,避免了采用宽带光源所带来的费用昂贵和系统复杂等缺陷。     

光学相干层析系统相干传递函数研究

在弱物体近似下从成像系统角度对光学相干层析测量技术进行了理论研究。分析了该技术测量样品纵深结构时图像的形成机理。结果表明它相当于一复振幅线性平移不变系统，从而可用相干传递函数描述系统性能，所得相干传递函数表明系统具有低通特性，半峰值带宽△ｋ＝２△λ／λ＾２。由于物体频谱整体平移了１／λ，测量的是纵向结构的高频信息。本文的工作为定量分析光学相干层析对未知结构的测量结果及进一步提高空间分辨率提供了理论     

复谱频域OCT成像的研究

采用频域技术的OCT系统，深度扫描信息由背向散射光谱的傅立叶反变换获得，简化了轴向扫描过程，从而使快速OCT成像成为可能．为了实现复杂生物组织的OCT快速成像，消除谱频域OCT的“混叠”现象、重建样品的真实层析结构，本文引入了相移干涉技术，构建了一套满量程复谱频域OCT实验系统，并为系统设计了特殊的分束镜和移相器，为最终实现复杂生物组织的OCT快速成像提供了条件．     

Basic Study on Imaging Interferometer using Long Gradient-Index Lenses for Optical Coherence Tomography

An imaging interferometer with two long gradient-index (GRIN) lenses and a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor array is proposed and studied for application to an optical coherence tomography system that can observe the subsurface structure of internal organs through a small hole in the body. An image of lines 11 μm wide was obtained using the phase-shifting method and a test pattern as a sample. The lateral resolution obtained was 22 μm. The axial resolution was also measured and found to be 19.4 μm by measuring the coherence function. The dynamic range was about 60 dB, based on the RF spectrum of the beat signal. A sectional image of a 10-yen Japanese coin was measured as a rough surface sample.     

激光相干层析成像的光散射模拟计算

利用低相干光作为光源的光学相干层析技术是一种新型成像技术。本文利用蒙特－卡罗（Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ）模拟计算方法研究了该技术在不同的散射条件下,相干调制信号随散射系数的变化关系,得出了单次散射和多次散射的差别以及它对成像质量的影响,并进一步讨论了利用单次散射和多次散射信号,提高光学相干层析术图像清晰度和信号强度的方法。还研究了光束半径大小对成像分辨率的影响及变化过程,得出了对实验有指导意义的结果     

OCT系统对人体牙齿组织的非失真成像深度的研究

利用基于蒙特卡罗方法的牙组织光学相干层析(OCT)成像模型,研究了不同牙组织的OCT非失真成像深度。通过模拟入射高斯光束以及光在牙组织中的传输,分别获得了单层牙釉质、单层牙本质以及两层牙组织结构的二维仿真OCT图像,与实验结果具有定性的一致性。通过分析二维仿真OCT图像所对应的一维OCT信号,分别得到了三种牙组织结构的平均非失真成像光学深度。研究结果表明,OCT系统对牙齿组织的非失真成像光学深度在150~2400μm之间,其中牙釉质的非失真成像深度要远大于牙本质的成像深度。所得的结果对于在实验中利用OCT图像对组织结构有效信息进行判断具有一定的参考价值。     

Electric Field Writing of Ferroelectric Nano‐Domains Near 71° Domain Walls with Switchable Interfacial Conductivity

Conducting ferroelectric domain walls attract a wide range of research interest due to their promising applications in nanoelectronics. In this study, we reveal an unexpected enhanced conductivity near the well‐aligned 71° nonpolar domain walls in BiFeO₃. Such an interfacial conductivity is induced by the creation of up‐polarized nano‐domains near the 71° domain walls, as revealed by the combination of the piezo‐response force microscopy (PFM) and conducting atomic force microscopy (c‐AFM) imaging techniques, as well as phase‐field simulations. The upward polarized domains are suggested to lower the Schottky barrier at the interface between the tip and sample surface, and then give rise to the enhanced interfacial conductivity. The result provides a new strategy to tune the local conductance in ferroelectric materials and opens up new opportunities to design novel nanoelectronic devices.     

视网膜光学相干层析图像的预处理方法

光相干层析技术(OCT)是近来发展起来的成像技术,利用光相干层析技术可以得到清晰的视网膜以及黄斑区的层析图。主要论述了在开发视网膜光相干层析图像识别和临床诊断系统中采用的图像预处理方法。利用图像分割、图像增强等处理技术,实现了图像的自动边缘检测与轮廓提取。通过对视网膜光相干层析图像进行预处理,为进一步的图像识别与分析打下了良好的基础。对黄斑囊样水肿、黄斑裂孔以及正常的视网膜光相干层析图像进行了实验,均取得了较好的效果。     

Influence of Phase Drift on Optical Coherence Tomography Using a CCD Camera-Based Heterodyne Detection Technique

The performance of a two-dimensional heterodyne detection technique in optical coherence tomography (OCT) was studied. This technique, which is based on the frequency synchronous detection method, enables the use of an imager such as a charge coupled device (CCD) camera as a heterodyne sensor array, so that horizontal cross-sectional image can be acquired in real time without lateral scanning. OCT measurements of scattering media including a biological object were demonstrated. To evaluate the influence of phase fluctuations on the present technique, we measured and analyzed the statistical relative-standard-deviation of heterodyne signal intensity as a function of the random phase shifts between two consecutive CCD frames. Practical limitations in the signal stability and possible solutions are discussed.