中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式评价

根据中国营养学会推荐的热量标准,研制了中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式。按该模式,中学生每日应摄入的膳食品种及其数量如下:主食:营养平衡米,初中男生510~597g,女生468~510g;高中男生618~683g,女生532~575g;副食相同:青菜或水果500g或600g,鱼或肉100g或50g,蛋类40g,大豆制品30g,花生油12.5g,盐6g。调查结果表明,蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物,热量摄入量全部达标准要求。Q(蛋白质)∶Q(脂肪)∶Q(碳水化合物):高中男女生为16∶20∶64,初中男、女生分别为17∶20∶63。提示中学生营养平衡米膳食最佳模式使中学生达到营养平衡,建议推广食用。     

血透患者微量元素营养状况初步探讨

对门诊维持性血透肾衰患者进行了膳食营养调查。结果表明：（1）在临床检查中发现,血透肾衰患者面黄肌瘦,面色苍白,浮肿,疲劳;体质虚弱,四肢无力;精神不振,具有明显的营养不良的临床表现。（2）在膳食调查中发现,每人每日营养素摄入量为蛋白质41．54mg,热量5288kJ,钙104mg、铁4．86mg和锌8．86mg、硒35μg、铜2．28mg、锰2．86mg、镁76．50mg、磷448mg、钾752mg和钠1385．4mg;视黄醇当量368μg、vitarmin B10.58mg、vitamin B20.39mg、vitarnin C51mg、vitaminPP12.60mg和vitaminE0.38mg。提示血透肾衰患者蛋白质－热量营养不良,K、Na过量,而Ca、Mg、P等宏量元素和Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Se等微量元素和RE、vitamin B1、vitamin B2、vitamin C均未达到RDA要求。原因是主食营养不平衡。因此,建议对血透肾衰患者进食主食营养平衡米（NBR）和制订平衡食谱,开展透析日营养治疗和病人家庭营养治疗。改善血透肾衰患者微量元素营养状况。     

中国外销普通型营养平衡米及其配膳的微量元素平衡研究

报告了中国外销普通型营养平衡米（下称营养平衡米）与普通籼米的TE含量、NSF值和INQ值,并将营养平衡米平衡米配膳和籼米配膳的NSF进行了比较。结果表明：每100g外销普通型营养平衡米Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量为0．719、1．043、1．391、0．439mg,均高于籼米的0．39、0．92、1．20、0．29mg;NSF值分别为19．97、208．60、46．37、109．75,均高于籼米的0．30、184．00、40．00、72．50,其各营养素含量对人体营养素供给量满足程度比普通米更接近人体营养平衡模式。营养平衡米的INQ值,幼儿组分别为0．24、2．76、0．46、1．16,均高于籼米的0．10、2．53、0．41、0．80,儿童组和成人组结果与幼儿组的一致,其各营养素含量比普通米平衡安全,长期食用,热量满足,各营养素达到RDA,不会出现肥胖等营养过剩或营养不良的危险,还可改善营养不平衡状况。营养平衡米膳的NSF值分别为29．808、115．280、173．028、171．234,高于籼米膳的25．35、105．44、170．48、156．33,其膳食的NSF值比普通米膳食NSF值更接近膳食NSF标准,更符合平衡膳食模式要求。证明营养平衡米及其配膳的微量元素TE平衡,且比籼米及其配膳的营养价值高。因此,当前很有必要推广食用营养平衡米,预防和改善当前营养不平衡状况和防治因Zn、Cu、Fe、Se引起的疾病,并促进儿童生长发育。     

棕腹刺河豚肌肉中三大营养成分的研究

采用国标方法测定了棕腹刺河豚肌肉中三大营养成分.结果表明,棕腹刺河豚肌肉的可食部87.30%;每100 g可食部中水分78.50 g,蛋白质19.30 g,脂肪1.94 g,碳水化合物0.26 g,热量95.70 kcal（1 cal=4.1868 J）.同法测定了黑鳃兔头豚肌肉的营养成分,结果表明,可食部66.14%;每100 g可食部中水分80.18 g,蛋白质18.70 g,脂肪0.68 g,碳水化合物0.25 g,热量81.92 kcal.两种河豚均在珠江口捕获.综合来看,棕腹刺河豚可食部、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、热量等均比黑鳃兔头豚高,且安全食用[1].据此认为,棕腹刺河豚为良好的蛋白质和脂肪资源,建议在秋冬季节捕捞和开发棕腹刺河豚.     

气相色谱-质谱法测定肝脏组织中盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸菜克多巴胺

建立了同时测定动物肝组织中盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸莱克多巴胺残留量的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析方法。动物肝组织样品在碱化的条件下用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇混合溶剂提取，提取液浓缩后用乙酸乙酯溶解，然后再用稀盐酸反萃取去除脂肪，调pH值后经SCX固相萃取（SPE）柱净化，洗脱液经氮气吹干后经双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰氨（BSTFA）衍生，采用选择离子模式（盐酸克伦特罗：86、212、262、277，盐酸莱克多巴胺：163、192、234、250）进行测定，外标法定量。盐酸克伦特罗和盐酸莱克多巴胺的检出限分别为0．30和1．00μg／kg。盐酸克伦特罗添加浓度在1．0～5．0μg／kg范围内，添加回收率为77．4％～88．3％；相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．1％～5．1％；盐酸莱克多巴胺添加浓度在4．0～20．0μg／kg，添加回收率为69．8％～82．1％；相对标准偏差（RSD）为3．5％～4．9％；衍生物的峰面积与被测物浓度分别在0．003～1．00mg／L和0．012～4．00mg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系，线性回归系数均大于0．999。     

顶空气相色谱-质谱联用法测定化妆品中α-氯甲苯

该文建立了一种适用于含苯扎氯铵的化妆品中α-氯甲苯的测定方法。首先通过气相色谱－质谱联用 法（GC－MS）剖析苯扎氯铵热分解产物的成分,确证了苯扎氯铵类化合物在气相进样口会分解产生α-氯甲苯。 采用气液平衡的顶空进样方式,并通过优化顶空进样参数、色谱分离和质谱测定条件,建立了一种化妆品中 α-氯甲苯的新型分析方法。选择顶空平衡温度和时间分别为80 ℃和30 min,样品于顶空瓶中用8 mL水和1. 0 g 氯化钠分散,以 HP－INNOWax 色谱柱（60 m × 0. 25 mm × 0. 25 μm）分离,采用选择离子监测模式（SIM）检 测,外标法定量。结果显示：α-氯甲苯在0. 01～5. 00 μg/mL质量浓度范围内与对应的峰面积呈良好的线性关 系（r = 0. 999）,方法检出限和定量下限分别为0. 02 μg/g和0. 05 μg/g,加标回收率为91. 3%～98. 8%,相对标 准偏差（RSD）为1. 5%～4. 9%。该方法操作简便,快速,灵敏度高,专一性好,能有效解决现有方法假阳性干 扰的问题,适用于各种化妆品中α-氯甲苯的准确测定。     

1,8-二羟基萘-3,6-二磺酸键合硅胶的制备、性质及其富集分离痕量元素的研究

本文介绍了1，8－二羟基萘－3，6－二碳酸键合硅胶（HNSA·SG）的合成方法，研究了HNSA·SG的性质及其对痕量元素的富集和分离行为。结果表明：HNSA·SG能在6mol／LHCl～pH8．0的溶液及常见有机溶剂中稳定存在；对Pd（Ⅱ）和Cu（Ⅱ）的最大吸附量分别为353μmol／g和197μmol／g；pH2．0时，可用HNSA·SG柱将痕量Pd（Ⅱ）与常见过渡金属离子分离；pH6．0时，HNSA·SG柱可将痕量Cu（Ⅱ）与性质相近的Pb（Ⅱ）、Cd（Ⅱ）、Mn（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）、Ni（Ⅱ）等金属离子分离。经柱富集后，可用分光光度法测定水样中痕量Cu（Ⅱ），测定下限可达ng／g级。     

HPLC—ECD法检测小鼠体内多巴胺及其代谢产物

建立了HPLC-电化学检测法同时测定小鼠血浆及脑组织中多巴胺及其代谢产物的方法。采用安捷伦水相柱，流动相为V（甲醇）＋V（水）=10＋90，其中水相中含NaH2PO4·H2O，KCl，EDTA，辛烷磺酸钠，流量0．25mL·min^-1。，检测电压0．52V。结果表明，线性范围：多巴胺（DA）25～750ng，多巴烯（DOPAC）25～750ng，高香草酸（HVA）50～1000ng，线性关系与精密度良好；该法操作简单、快速、准确，可用于检测小鼠血浆及脑组织中多巴胺及其代谢产物的含量。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定烟草中的水溶性糖

采用Waters高效糖分析柱,梯度洗脱分离,建立了高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法（HPLC—ELSD）同时测定烟草中水溶性糖的新方法。乙腈-水为流动相,流速1．0mL／min,柱温30℃,蒸发光散射检测器漂移管温度80℃,氮气作载气,流速2．00L／min。水溶性糖的线性范围：鼠李糖、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖0．5—30μg,检出限低于12．5ng;木糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、麦芽糖0．5—20μg,检出限低于25．0ng。8种水溶性糖的加标回收率范围为86．0％～102．4％;相对标准偏差（n=5）皆小于4．1％。     

绿色纺织印染络合剂马来酸-丙烯酸共聚物的合成

以马来酸（MA）、丙烯酸（AA）为主要单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了马来酸-丙烯酸共聚物,探讨了影响分散力和螯合力的因素．最佳合成条件为m（MA）：m（AA）=1：3,聚合温度80～90℃,以Na2S2O8和NaHSO3为引发剂,引发剂用量（m引发剂／m总单体）为3％,产品对MnO2的分散力为1．35g·L^-1,对CaCO3的螯合力为168mg·g^-1．     

Preparation of fully cross‐linked CNBR/PP‐g‐GMA and CNBR/PP/PP‐g‐GMA thermoplastic elastomers and their morphology,structure and properties

Binary CNBR/PP‐g‐GMA and ternary CNBR/PP/PP‐g‐GMA thermoplastic elastomers were prepared by reactive blending carboxy nitrile rubber (CNBR) powder with nanometer dimension and polypropylene functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (PP‐g‐GMA). Morphology observation by using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and TEM revealed that the size of CNBR dispersed phase in CNBR/PP‐g‐GMA binary blends was much smaller than that of the corresponding CNBR/PP binary blends. Thermal behavior of CNBR/PP‐g‐GMA and CNBR/PP blends was studied by DSC. Comparing with the plain PP‐g‐GMA, T_c of PP‐g‐GMA in CNBR/PP‐g‐GMA blends increased about 10 °C. Both thermodynamic and kinetic effects would influence the crystallization behavior of PP‐g‐GMA in CNBR/PP‐g‐GMA blends. At a fixed content of CNBR, the apparent viscosity of the blending system increased with increasing the content of PP‐g‐GMA. FTIR spectrum verified that the improvement of miscibility of CNBR and PP‐g‐GMA was originated from the reaction between carboxy end groups of CNBR and epoxy groups of GMA grafted onto PP molecular chains. Comparing with CNBR/PP blends, the tensile strength, stress at 100% strain, and elongation at break of CNBR/PP‐g‐GMA blends were greatly improved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1042–1052, 2004     

Micro-CT参数对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折术后复发的预测价值

本研究探讨Micro-CT参数对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)患者术后复发的预测价值。选取OVCF患者127例,根据术后6个月骨折复发情况分为复发组(n=41)与未复发组(n=86)。患者均接受Micro-CT检查,对比两组Micro-CT参数,即骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)、结构模型指数(SMI),以及骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC),分析各参数与BMD、BMC及术后复发相关性,并评价各参数对术后复发的预测价值。结果显示,复发组骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)低于未复发组,骨小梁间隙(Tb.Sp)、结构模型指数(SMI)高于未复发组(P<0.05);BV/TV、Tb.Th与骨密度(BMD)、骨矿含量(BMC)呈正相关,Tb.Sp、SMI与BMD、BMC呈负相关(P<0.05);将年龄、BMD、BMC等其他因素控制后,BV/TV、Tb.Sp、Tb.Th、SMI与OVCF术后骨折复发显著相关(P<0.05);BV/TV、Tb.Sp、Tb.Th、SMI联合预测OVCF术后骨折复发的曲线下面积(AUC)最大,为0.888(P<0.05)。提示Micro-CT参数在OVCF患者中呈异常表达,采用Micro-CT检查可为临床预测OVCF术后骨折复发提供科学指导。     

Uranium incorporation biokinetics in poultry bones as function of phytase doses

Summary Neutron activation analysis has been used to study uranium incorporation in poultry bones as function of chow doped with: (a) uranium (20 ppm); (b) U-doped food (20 ppm) plus phytase (120 ppm) and (c) U-doped food (20 ppm) plus phytase (180 ppm). To investigate this situation experiments involving several groups of Cobb broilers was performed. Two animals per group were sacrificed weekly up to their adultness and uranium concentration in the tibia was measured. It was observed that the concentration of uranium (µg U/g bone) is decreasing all along the animal life spanning period of 14-42 days. This behavior suggests that the skeleton mass is growing faster than the corresponding accumulation of uranium. The administration of phytase seems not to alter this scenario.     

Engineering of new crosslinked near‐infrared fluorescent polyethylene glycol bisphosphonate nanoparticles for bone targeting

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are nonhydrolysable pyrophosphate analogs with high affinity to hydroxyapatite (HAP, bone mineral) and are mainly used for treatment of various bone diseases. In this study, we designed and prepared crosslinked BP nanoparticles by dispersion copolymerization of three monomers: methacrylate PEG bisphosphonate, N‐(3‐aminopropyl) methacrylamide, and tetra(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. The size and size distribution of these PEG‐BP nanoparticles were controlled by changing various polymerization parameters. These BP particles possess dual functionality: covalent attachment of a dye (e.g., near IR fluorescent dye) or drug to the nanoparticles through the primary amine groups belonging to the aminopropyl methacrylamide monomeric units and chelation to the bone mineral HAP through the BP groups belonging to the methacrylate PEG bisphosphonate monomeric units, for enhanced long term bone‐targeted imaging and therapy applications. Body distribution of the optimal crosslinked BP nanoparticles was tested on a chicken embryo model via intravenous administration. This study indicated that the fluorescence intensity of the all organs (e.g., blood, spleen, liver, kidney, and heart) except the bones decreased significantly within 48 h (p < 0.05) while that of the bones hardly changed over that time (p > 0.05). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 4282–4291     

Progress in Targeted Alpha-Particle-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals as Treatments for Prostate Cancer Patients with Bone Metastases

Bone metastasis remains a major cause of death in cancer patients, and current therapies for bone metastatic disease are mainly palliative. Bone metastases arise after cancer cells have colonized the bone and co-opted the normal bone remodeling process. In addition to bone-targeted therapies (e.g., bisphosphonate and denosumab), hormone therapy, chemotherapy, external beam radiation therapy, and surgical intervention, attempts have been made to use systemic radiotherapy as a means of delivering cytocidal radiation to every bone metastatic lesion. Initially, several bone-seeking beta-minus-particle-emitting radiopharmaceuticals were incorporated into the treatment for bone metastases, but they failed to extend the overall survival in patients. However, recent clinical trials indicate that radium-223 dichloride (²²³RaCl₂), an alpha-particle-emitting radiopharmaceutical, improves the overall survival of prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. This success has renewed interest in targeted alpha-particle therapy development for visceral and bone metastasis. This review will discuss (i) the biology of bone metastasis, especially focusing on the vicious cycle of bone metastasis, (ii) how bone remodeling has been exploited to administer systemic radiotherapies, and (iii) targeted radiotherapy development and progress in the development of targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.     

长寿之乡--江苏如皋微量元素环境调查

考察了如皋长寿老人居住环境、饮食和生活习惯,检测了当地土壤、粮食、蔬菜及人发样品中14种元素。结果表明,如皋生态环境好、长寿老人主食粗细搭配、副食清淡、蔬菜为主、少量荤食的饮食习惯使他们保持了人体内必需的常量、微量元素的平衡。头发中锌和硒含量较高是如皋老人长寿的特点。     

X线平片和CT扫描在外伤性脊椎骨折部位及解剖学改变诊断中的应用

分析X线平片和CT扫描对外伤性脊椎骨折部位的检出情况、骨折部位解剖学改变的显示情况,并对治疗效果进行评价。本研究选取2018年1月~2019年6月于我院进行手术治疗的外伤性脊椎骨折患者90例,所有患者均行X线平片和CT扫描检查,以手术结果为参考,观察X线平片和CT扫描对外伤性脊椎骨折部位(前柱、中柱、后柱)的检出情况、骨折部位解剖学改变(小关节滑脱、骨碎片、椎体移位、椎管狭窄)的显示情况,以及对术后椎弓根未完全到达椎体的检出情况。结果显示,CT扫描对中柱骨折、后柱骨折的诊断符合率均明显高于X线平片(P<0.05);对前柱骨折的诊断符合率与X线平片比较无差异(P>0.05)。CT扫描对小关节滑脱、骨碎片、椎体移位、椎管狭窄的诊断符合率均明显高于X线平片(P<0.05);对术后椎弓根未完全到达椎体检出率为88.89%,高于X线平片的77.78%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CT扫描对外伤性脊椎骨折部位检出率及骨折部位解剖学改变的显示均优于X线平片,有利于临床治疗方案的制定,可作为外伤性脊椎骨折的首选诊疗检查方法。     

LAXS investigation of finger phantoms

Osteoporosis is a bone condition that is caused mainly by the degradation of trabecular and cortical bone resulting in the decrease of bone strength and eventually leads to bone fracture. A low angle X-ray scattering (LAXS) system that uses mainly the coherent scattering process for the characterisation of materials was constructed to study such bone conditions. Several finger phantoms were fabricated to simulate bone of varying densities. The LAXS method was able to identify the changes in bone density quite well by comparing energy dispersive X-ray diffraction patterns as well as the angular patterns. Quantitative information can be extracted from such patterns that relate to bone loss. Signature patterns at low exposure times were produced in order to reduce the dose received with reasonable identification power but at slightly higher statistical errors compared with long exposure patterns. Use of other parameters to increase the sensitivity was attempted.     

Xylan hemicellulose improves chitosan hydrogel for bone tissue regeneration

The hemicellulose xylan, which has immunomodulatory effects, has been combined with chitosan to form a composite hydrogel to improve the healing of bone fractures. This thermally responsive and injectable hydrogel, which is liquid at room temperature and gels at physiological temperature, improves the response of animal host tissue compared with similar pure chitosan hydrogels in tissue engineering models. The composite hydrogel was placed in a subcutaneous model where the composite hydrogel is replaced by host tissue within 1 week, much earlier than chitosan hydrogels. A tibia fracture model in mice showed that the composite encourages major remodeling of the fracture callus in less than 4 weeks. A non‐union fracture model in rat femurs was used to demonstrate that the composite hydrogel allows bone regeneration and healing of defects that with no treatment are unhealed after 6 weeks. These results suggest that the xylan/chitosan composite hydrogel is a suitable bone graft substitute able to aid in the repair of large bone defects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chromatographic Determination of the Mycotoxin Patulin in 219 Chinese Tea Samples and Implications for Human Health

Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin, with several acute, chronic, and cellular level toxic effects, produced by various fungi. A limit for PAT in food of has been set by authorities to guarantee food safety. Research on PAT in tea has been very limited although tea is the second largest beverage in the world. In this paper, HPLC−DAD and GC−MS methods for analysis of PAT in different tea products, such as non-fermented (green tea), partially fermented (oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea), completely fermented (black tea), and post-fermented (dark tea and Pu-erh tea) teas were developed. The methods showed good selectivity with regard to tea pigments and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and a recovery of 90–102% for PAT at a 10–100 ppb spiking level. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) in tea were 1.5 ng/g and 5.0 ng/g for HPLC−UV, and 0.25 ng/g and 0.83 ng/g for GC−MS. HPLC was simpler and more robust, while GC−MS showed higher sensitivity and selectivity. GC−MS was used to validate the HPLC−UV method and prove its accuracy. The PAT content of 219 Chinese tea samples was investigated. Most tea samples contained less than 10 ng/g, ten more than 10 ng/g and two more than 50 ng/g. The results imply that tea products in China are safe with regard to their PAT content. Even an extreme daily consumption of 25 g of the tea with the highest PAT content (124 ng/g), translates to an intake of only 3 μg/person/day, which is still an order of magnitude below the maximum allowed daily intake of 30 µg for an adult.