Cherenkov radiation of a Josephson vortex moving in a sandwich embedded in a dielectric medium

A motion of a Josephson vortex in a long sandwich embedded in a dielectric medium is described. If the velocity of the vortex is greater than the velocity of light in the dielectric, terahertz-band Cherenkov radiation is generated and emitted from the lateral surface of the sandwich. The radiation loss power is determined. In the case when radiation loss is compensated for by the energy gain due to transport current, a relation between the current and the velocity of the vortex is obtained.     

Chaotic mixing in a steady flow in a microchannel

We report experiments on mixing of a passively advected fluorescent dye in a low Reynolds number flow in a microscopic channel. The channel is a chain of repeating segments with a custom designed profile that generates a steady three-dimensional flow with stretching and folding, and chaotic mixing. A few statistical characteristics of mixing in the flow are studied and are all found to agree with theoretical and experimental results for the flows in the Batchelor regime of mixing that are chaotic in time. The proposed microchannel provides fast and efficient mixing and is simple to fabricate.     

Decay of a Linear Pendulum in a Free-Molecular Gas and in a Special Lorentz Gas

A circular disk without thickness is placed in a gas, and an external force, obeying Hooke’s law, is acting perpendicularly on the disk. If the disk is displaced perpendicularly from its equilibrium position and released, then it starts an oscillatory or non-oscillatory unsteady motion, which decays as time goes on because of the drag exerted by the gas molecules. This unsteady motion, i.e., the decay of this linear pendulum, is investigated numerically, under the diffuse reflection condition on the surface of the disk, with special interest in the manner of its decay, for two kinds of gases: one is a collisionless gas (or Knudsen gas) and the other is a special Lorentz gas interacting with a background. It is shown that the decay of the displacement of the disk is slow and is in proportion to an inverse power of time for the collisionless gas. The result complements the existing mathematical study of a similar problem (Caprino et al. in Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci. 17:1369–1403, 2007) in the case of non-oscillatory decay. It is also shown that the manner of the decay changes significantly for the special Lorentz gas.     

Dipolar excitons in a potential trap in a magnetic field

The conditions for observing the Zeeman spin splitting compensation in an exciton Bose gas have been investigated. The magnetoluminescence of spatially indirect, dipolar excitons in a 25-nm-wide GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well upon their accumulation in a lateral electrostatic trap has been studied in the Faraday geometry. The critical magnetic field B _cr below which the spin (paramagnetic) splitting of the luminescence line for a heavy-hole exciton at the trap center is almost completely compensated due to the exchange interaction in a dense Bose gas has been found to increase linearly with exciton concentration in qualitative agreement with the theory. Using a potential trap is fundamentally important. Incomplete compensation is observed in a homogeneous photoexcitation spot for dipolar excitons: the splitting is considerably smaller than that for a spatially direct exciton but differs noticeably from zero. The spin splitting compensation effect is observed only under neutral charge balance conditions—there is no Zeeman splitting suppression in a charged quantum well.     

Avalanches in a nonlinear oscillator chain in a periodic potential

We consider the dynamics of a chain of coupled units evolving in a periodic substrate potential. The chain is initially in a flat state and situated in a potential well. A bias force, acting as a weak driving mechanism, is applied at a single unit of the chain. We study the instigation of directed transport in two types of system: (i) a microcanonical situation associated with deterministic and conservative dynamics and (ii) the Langevin dynamics when the system is in contact with a heat bath. Interestingly, for the deterministic and conservative dynamics the directed transport is drastically enhanced compared with its Langevin counterpart. In particular, in the deterministic and conservative regime a self-organised redistribution of energy triggers huge-sized avalanches yielding ultimately accelerated transport of the chain. In contrast, in the thermally-assisted process between avalanches the chain settles always into a pinned metastable state impeding continual accelerated chain motion.     

Photo-magnetic phenomenon in a semi-conductor in a non-homogeneous magnetic field

The emf which is produced on illuminating a homogeneous semiconductor located in a non-homogeneous magnetic field is calculated. It is shown that this emf is composed of two parts — bulk and boundary. Further, there are given the results of experiments carried out on indium antimonide by means of which the conclusions of the theory were verified.     

Transport through a constriction in a FQH-annulus

The flux periodicity of thermodynamic properties of an annulus in the fractional quantum Hall state with a constriction is considered. It is found that -periodicity is obtained due to transfer of fractionally charged particles or composite fermions between the edges of the annulus, respectively. The result for the finite magnitude of the persistent current across a very strong constriction is presented, as obtained with an extension of Wen’s edge state theory.     

Mean force on a small sphere in a sound field in a viscous fluid

A mean force exerted on a small rigid sphere by a sound wave in a viscous fluid is calculated. The force is expressed as a sum of drag force coming from the external steady flow existing in the absence of the sphere and contributions that are cross products of velocity and velocity derivatives of the incident field. Because of the drag force and an acoustic streaming generated near the sphere, the mean force does not coincide with the acoustic radiation pressure, i.e., the mean momentum flux carried by the sound field through any surface enclosing the sphere. If the sphere radius R is considerably smaller than the viscous wave penetration depth delta, the drag force can give the leading-order contribution (in powers of delta/R) to the mean force and the latter can then be directed against the radiation pressure. In another limit, delta< or =R, the drag force and acoustic streaming play a minor role, and the mean force reduces to the radiation pressure, which can be expressed through source strengths of the scattered sound field. The effect of viscosity can then be significant only if the incident wave is locally plane traveling.     

Entropy of a needle in a haystack

In a quantum search algorithm, the initial state which is a linear superposition of all possible basis states is a separable state. At each iteration, the state becomes more and more entangled until eventually it disentangles and reverts to a separable state consisting of the marked state. It is therefore interesting to study how entanglement changes in a Grover search algorithm.     

Thermodynamics of a Charged Particle in a Noncommutative Plane in a Background Magnetic Field

Landau system in noncommutative space has been considered. To take into account the issue of gauge invariance in noncommutative space, we incorporate the Seiberg-Witten map in our analysis. Generalised Bopp-shift transformation is then used to map the noncommutative system to its commutative equivalent system. In particular we have computed the partition function of the system and from this we obtained the susceptibility of the Landau system and found that the result gets modified by the spatial noncommutative parameter θ. We also investigate the de Hass–van Alphen effect in noncommutative space and observe that the oscillation of the magnetization and the susceptibility gets noncommutative corrections. Interestingly, the susceptibility in the noncommutative scenario is non-zero in the range of the magnetic field greater than the threshold value which is in contrast to its commutative counterpart. The results obtained are valid upto all orders in the noncommutative parameter θ.     

Spontaneous formation of a plasma hole in a rotating magnetized plasma: a giant burgers vortex in a compressible fluid

Spontaneous formation of a cylindrical density cavity, or "plasma hole," has been observed in a rotating magnetized plasma. Density of the plasma hole is one-tenth of that of ambient plasma and is bounded by a steep transition layer of the order of several ion Larmor radii. The flow velocity field associated with the plasma hole is experimentally determined, exhibiting a monopole vortical structure. It is found that the vorticity distribution is localized near the center of the hole and is identified as a Burgers vortex. This is the first experimental observation of a Burgers vortex in a plasma.     

Scattering problem in a quantum waveguide in a tight-binding model

The scattering problem in a quantum waveguide is considered within a light-binding approach. The relationship between the stationary and time-dependent definition of an S-matrix is established.     

Cyclotron resonance in a semiconductor in a steady electric field

The classical kinetic equation is solved to find the carrier distribution in the valence band for germanium in cyclotron resonance, the carriers being generated by the electric field. Negative power absorption is demonstrated.I am indebted to V. G. Veselago for proposing the topic and to Yu. M. Kagan for a discussion.     

Impurity diffusion in a gas flow in a channel

The impurity concentration N in a gas flow in a channel is approximately calculated. In a number of cases, the wall losses of impurities in the channel can be taken into account by introducing an effective lifetime τ that describes the diffusion drift of the impurity from the flow toward the walls.     

Three Wave Interactions in a Beam-Plasma-System in a Cylindrical Waveguide

Interaction of three waves in a beam-plasma system in a circular cylindrical waveguide is studied. The dispersion relation and the axial growth rate have been obtained.     

Fluctuations of a macro-spin in a superradiant system

Fluctuation phenomena in a superradiating atomic system are investigated in the framework of the generalized phase space method. An operator form of the superradiant master equation is mapped onto ac-number space. Evolution of the most probable path and small deviations from the path are determined. Fluctuations around the path are solved in a closed form. A remarkable enhancement of fluctuation is observed and this is recognized as a sort of anomalous fluctuation around an unstable point.     

Observations of a double-layer in a hot-cathode discharge

We examine the effects of the ponderomotive force in the meniscus region of a hot-cathode discharge. A potential step is predicted to result, the magnitude of which is in good agreement with the measured value.     

Surface polaritons in a dielectric at a boundary with a metal in a static electric field

The existence of surface polaritons in a dielectric at a boundary with an ideal metal or superconductor in a static electric field is predicted. The frequency regions in which polaritons exist are substantially different for opposite orientations of the electric field, so that a change in the direction of the field signifies “switching on” or “switching off” of surface polaritons with a fixed frequency. Pis'ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 12, 876–880 (25 December 1998)     

Relativistic Oscillators in a Noncommutative Space and in a Magnetic Field

In this work, we study the relativistic oscillators in a noncommutative space and in a magnetic field. It is shown that the effect of the magnetic field may compete withthat of the noncommutative space and that is able to vanish the effect of the noncommutative space.