Effect of Method of Boron Introduction into NiMo/Al2O3 Protective-Layer Catalysts on the Removal of Silicon from Diesel Fractions

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - NiMo/γ-Al2O3 protective-layer catalysts for removing silicon from diesel fractions were examined. The catalysts differ in the way in which boron is...     

B助剂对Ni2P/SBA-15催化剂结构及其加氢脱硫性能的影响

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体, 磷酸氢二铵为磷源, 硝酸镍为镍源, 硼酸为硼源, 采用共浸渍法制备了B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂前驱体, 然后采用程序升温氢气还原法, 制备了n_P/n_Ni=0.8, B含量为0.35%-2.10%(w)的一系列B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附脱附、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)等表征技术对催化剂的结构进行了研究, 以1%(w)二苯并噻吩(DBT)/十氢萘溶液为模型化合物, 在微型固定床反应器上对催化剂的加氢脱硫(HDS)性能进行了评价. 结果表明, B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂仍具有介孔结构, Ni₂P为主要的活性物相. 适量B助剂的加入可促使Ni₂P晶粒减小, 催化剂比表面积增加. 此外, 随着B含量的增加, B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂的总酸量也增加. 当反应压力为3.0 MPa, 反应温度由300 ℃升高至360 ℃时, B含量对Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂活性有明显的影响, B含量为1.40%(w)的B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂加氢脱硫活性最高. B-Ni₂P/SBA-15催化剂上二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫的反应机理以直接脱硫为主.     

Influence of Ligands on the Activity and Specificity of Soluble Transition Metal Catalysts

The reaction of a covalently σ-bonded ligand (alkyl group, hydrogen) with a molecule (olefin, CO) attached to the transition metal by a coordinate bond is the essence of many catalytic processes. The influence of the other ligands in the complex on this reaction is discussed in the present article. Various ways in which the ligands can act, e.g. by electronic effects via the σ and π electron systems of the complex and by steric effects, are first described separately and then illustrated by examples.     

Formation of Nanosized Catalysts Based on Palladium Phosphine Complexes and the Nature of Their Activity

Findings on the formation and features of nanosized particles based on palladium complexes, which are active in hydrogenation catalysis, are summarized. Depending on the nature of a reducing agent, nanosized particles formed by the reduction of palladium(II) phosphine complexes are either metallic nuclei stabilized by organophosphorus ligands or associates of polynuclear phosphido or phosphinideno palladium complexes whose surface contains immobilized Pd(0) clusters. The ensembles of the Pd(0) atoms are active in hydrogenation.     

还原性气氛对丙烷选择氧化催化剂Mo-V-Te-Nb-O结构及活性的影响

系统地研究了还原剂(氯化铵)添加到丙烷选择氧化合成丙烯酸催化剂Mo-V-Te-Nb-O混合氧化物中对催化剂性能的影响.实验结果表明,在制备过程中还原剂的存在明显地影响了所得催化剂晶格氧的活动性,而晶格氧的活动性对Mo-V-Te-Nb-O混合氧化物的催化活性有重要的影响.进一步的研究表明,添加还原剂引起了催化剂形貌和相组成的变化,这些对于丙烯酸的形成有着重要作用.具有较多M1相含量的催化剂在低温(<653 K)时表现出了高丙烯酸选择性,而具有较多M2相含量的催化剂则在高温(>653 K)时更有利于丙烯酸的生成.     

Formation and Use of Boron Sulfonates

Boric acid reacts swiftly with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride idine-d ₅ to form the unstable boron sulfonate which is observed IR. The utility of this reaction is discussed.     

TiO2纳米粒子制备方法对其光催化活性的影响

分别用胶溶法、金属醇盐水解法和低温水解法制备了TiO2纳米粒子;采用XRD和BET技术,测试了TiO2粒子的粒径、晶型及表面积。以庚烷的气相光催化氧化为探针反应,考察了不同方法、不同温度处理的TiO2粒子的光催化活性。结果表明,以胶溶法和金属醇盐水解法制备的TiO2粒子,随焙烧温度的增加TiO2粒子长大,晶型由锐钛矿向金红石型转变,光催化活性降低。用低温水解法,可在低温下制得金红石型TiO2粒子,但其催化活性很低。说明由原料和制备方法所决定的TiO2粒子的物理化学性质,影响其光催化行为。锐钛矿型TiO2粒子催化活性较金红石型TiO2好。这是由于前者的表面羟基含量较高且带隙能较大的缘故。     

Influence of Activation (Reduction) Conditions on the Catalytic Activity of Copper-Zinc Catalysts of NTK-10 Series

X-ray phase analysis and the temperature-programmed reduction method were applied to study the activation (reduction) of copper-zinc catalysts of the NTK-10 series. The catalytic activity of catalysts reduced under various conditions in steam conversion of carbon monoxide was determined.     

Remarkable Enhancement in the Dispersion and Low-Temperature Activity of Catalysts Prepared via Novel Plasma Reduction-Calcination Method

A novel plasma reduction and calcination (PR&C) method has been recently developed. Upon the experimental investigations on methane conversions, including partial oxidation, methane combustion, NO reduction by methane and CO₂ reforming, the catalysts prepared by this PR&C method exhibit a remarkable enhancement in the dispersion, low-temperature activity and stability. A plasma-enhanced acidity has also been addressed, which would play an important role in the improved dispersion. The PR&C method is leading to a better preparation of supported catalysts, esp., those for methane conversion.     

沉淀方法及铈掺杂对铜锰氧化物催化剂催化氧化CO性能的影响

The influence of Ce doping and the precipitation method on structural properties and the catalytic activity of copper manganese oxides for CO oxidation at ambient temperature have been investigated. The catalysts were characterized by means of the powder X-ray diffraction and N₂ adsorption-desorption, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, the temperature programmed reduction, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that after doping little amount of Ce in copper manganese oxide, CeO₂ phase was highly dispersed and could prevent sintering and aggregating of the catalyst, the size of the catalytic material was decreased, the reducibility was enhanced, the specific surface area was increased and the formation of the active sites for the oxidation of CO was improved significantly. Therefore, the activity of the rare earth promoted catalyst was enhanced remarkably.     

控制CO选择氧化反应中金催化剂热点形成的新方法

采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Al2O3和MOx-Al2O3(M=Fe,Zn)负载型金催化剂.室温下对其CO氧化及富氢条件下CO选择氧化催化活性进行了广泛的研究.催化剂床层温度由热电偶直接测定.催化剂表面温度与O2/CO的体积比以及CO和H2的浓度密切相关.在CO氧化反应过程中Au/Al2O3催化剂的温度可高达170°C,添加FeOx可使其降至55°C.利用一系列仪器(X射线衍射仪,X射线光电子能谱仪和透射电镜等)对催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果显示Al2O3负载型金催化剂热点的形成可以通过添加合适的助剂很好地控制.助剂的添加能够使催化剂活性中心由金属态Au变为AuIII,从而导致了CO选择氧化反应机理不同.     

Ni、W、P组分及样品硫化对Ni－W－P／USY催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响

本文应用ＩＲ－ＴＰＤ、ＸＰＳ和脉冲微反等技术，研究了Ｎｉ、Ｗ、Ｐ组分及样品硫化对加氢裂解催化剂酸性质和催化性能的影响，确定了影响催化剂加氢裂解活性的主要因素以及样品硫化后金属组分的表面状态．结果表明：载体负载Ｎｉ。Ｗ、Ｐ组分和样品硫化后，催化剂的酸性质均发生复杂的变化，然而这些酸性质变化对催化剂的加氢裂解活性的影响却很小，样品硫化后，催化剂表面产生低价和不饱和配位的金属活性组分，同时Ｎｉ、Ｗ组分在催化剂表面富集，其中Ｗ组分在催化剂表面富集有利于提高催化剂的加氢裂解活性．     

The Influence of the Specific Surface Area of the Carbon Support on the Activity of Ruthenium Catalysts for the Ammonia-Decomposition Reaction

A method for fractionation of the starting carbon composite Sibunit by density was used to obtain three samples of Sibunit with different values of the specific surface area: Sib10 at 439 m²/g, Sib13 at 389 m²/g, and Sib17 at 256 m²/g. Investigation of Sibunits using both methods, that is, X-ray diffraction analysis and combination (Raman) scattering spectroscopy, did not reveal significant differences (the parameters of the crystal lattice and the I_D/I_G ratio). The fractionated supports were used to obtain Ru-containing catalysts for ammonia decomposition reaction (0.1 MPa, 400°C). The dependence of the specific catalytic activity calculated per 1 m² of the support specific surface a for catalysts of the same composition (4.0% Ru and 13.6% Cs) has an extreme form. The authors connect this with two factors: the blocking support pores contain an active component and a change in features of ruthenium interactions with the promoter (Cs) of the catalyst.     

Formation and Nature of Microheterogeneous Catalysts Based on Palladium Complexes

The mechanism of the formation and the nature of microheterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation are discussed using acetylacetonate complexes of palladium with phosphine ligands as an example. Polynuclear palladium complexes with phosphide and phosphinidene ligands are obtained, and their role in the formation of hydrogenation catalysts is found. As distinct from phosphide complexes, amide complexes of palladium are unstable in a hydrogen atmosphere and undergo reduction to form highly dispersed palladium black.     

Ni对低钯型Pd-La-Ce汽车尾气净化催化剂性能的影响

镍;Ni对低钯型Pd-La-Ce汽车尾气净化催化剂性能的影响     

沉淀剂对悬浮共沉淀法制备二甲醚催化剂的影响

以无水乙醇为溶剂,将Cu、Zn和Al的硝酸盐并流共沉淀在HZSM-5分子筛的悬浮溶液中,一步合成CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5双功能催化剂.研究了沉淀剂的种类、加入顺序和加入量对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,以适量的草酸作沉淀剂,采用悬浮液并流共沉淀法制备的双功能催化剂,对CO2加氢直接合成二甲醚有较高的催化性能:在固定床反应器中,温度为270℃,压力为3.0 MPa,空速为4 800 h-1的反应条件下,CO2的单程转化率达到28.7%,二甲醚的选择性达到53.2%.BET、XRD、TPR、TPD和N2O滴定等对催化剂结构表征结果表明,双功能复合催化剂CuO-ZnO-Al2O3/HZSM-5的结构影响CO2加氢合成二甲醚的催化性能.     

聚合物固载Co-Pd 催化剂的结构与活性

采用溶剂化金属原子浸渍(SMAI)法制备了几种不同金属含量的Co Pd催化剂,用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和磁测定对催化剂进行表征,并与普通浸渍法(CI)制得的相同金属含量的催化剂进行比较.结果表明SMAI法制备的催化剂金属粒度小于CI法制备的催化剂,且前者零价金属含量高于后者.SMAI法制备的催化剂Co在表面上富集,而CI法制备的催化剂Co在表面和体相的金属含量基本相同.在二丙酮醇加氢及电催化反应中, SMAI法催化剂比相同组成的CI法催化剂具有更高的催化活性.