Observation of Photoelectron Circular Dichroism Using a Nanosecond Laser

Photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) is a fascinating phenomenon both from a fundamental science aspect but also due to its emerging role as a highly sensitive analytic tool for chiral recognition in the gas phase. PECD has been studied with single-photon as well as multi-photon ionization. The latter has been investigated in the short pulse limit with femtosecond laser pulses, where ionization can be thought of as an instantaneous process. In this contribution, we demonstrate that multi-photon PECD still can be observed when using an ultra-violet nanosecond pulse to ionize chiral showcase fenchone molecules. Compared to femtosecond ionization, the magnitude of PECD is similar, but the lifetime of intermediate molecular states imprints itself in the photoelectron spectra. Being able to use an industrial nanosecond laser to investigate PECD furthermore reduces the technical requirements to apply PECD in analytical chemistry.     

Quantitative Multi-Element Analysis in Soil Using 532 nm and 1064 nm Lasers in LIBS Technique

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been considered a promising tool for agricultural analysis in the recent years due to its advantages over...     

飞秒脉冲作用下氯丙烯的多光子解离和电离动力学

The dissociation and photoionization dynamics of C₃H₅Cl were studied at 200, 400, and 800 nm with femtosecond laser pulses. The time-of-flight mass spectra, laser power index and photoelectron images were recorded. At short wavelength (200 nm), ionization of the parent molecule was found to be the dominant channel, while other ions were generated by the dissociation of C₃H₅Cl⁺. With the shift to long wavelength (e.g., 800 nm), fragment ions became dominant, and were generated through the multiphoton ionization of neutral fragments after the photodissociation of C₃H₅Cl. These results imply that photodissociation plays a significant role at long wavelength, because neutral fragments are supposed to be generated from the intermediate states reached by 800 nm photons. At 400 nm, the dissociation on the intermediate states is also critical, but is not as high as that at 800 nm. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the dissociation/ionization behaviors of allyl chloride are wavelength-dependent, and reveal the complex dynamics of allyl chloride at 200, 400 and 800 nm.     

532nm激光烧蚀金属Ta与CO2反应产物的基质隔离红外光谱研究

自然界中最廉价和最丰富的碳资源CO2的有效利用已成为全球普遍关注的重要课题之一[1].自80年代起,基于回收工业废气中的CO2的可能性以及用CO2取代石油作为精细化学品合成的基本原料的重大意义,有关CO2活化的研究日趋活跃[2].考察过渡金属与CO2的相互作用是研究过渡金属催化活化CO2的基础.加热蒸发从Ti到Cu的过渡金属与CO2作用,一般都能得到相应金属的CO2配合物[3].     

碘代烷烃在532 nm激光作用下多光子电离解离机理

利用５３２ｎｍ的激光对碘代烷烃（碘甲烷、碘乙烷、碘代正丙异丙烷）分子作了多光了电离解离（ＭＰＩＤ）质谱（ＭＳ）研究,在５３２ｎｍ激光作用下,ＣＨ３Ｉ分子吸收５３２ｎｍ激光双光子的能量,进入Ａ带的ＩＡ２态,继续吸收光子上泵浦至电离态形成母体离子ＣＨ３Ｉ,然后再形成碎片离子;而其它几个碘代烷烃吸收双光子的能量进入Ａ带后均形成中性碎片,中性碎片再吸收光子经一系列电离解离形成碎片离子,此外,本文还通过对同     

乙腈团簇增强的激光高价电离现象的质谱研究

利用脉宽为25 ns的脉冲Nd：YAG1064 nm激光, 在10¹⁰～10¹¹ W•cm^－２强度下, 用飞行时间质谱对乙腈分子束激光电离过程进行了研究, 发现了高价态的原子离子N^q+(q＝1～5)和C^q+(q＝1～4). 类氦离子N⁵⁺、C⁴⁺的最可几平动能分别高达566 eV和427 eV. 激光延时以及不同束源压力的实验结果表明, 这些高价离子可能来源于乙腈团簇的库仑爆炸过程. 提出一个多光子电离引发, 逆韧致吸收加热- 电子碰撞电离模型来解释高价离子的产生.     

Photodissociation of Cycloketones by Ultraintense Femtosecond Laser Pulses

ThestudyofphotoionizationandphotodissociationprocessesinducedbyintensefemtosecondlaserpuIses(>lo"W/cm')withpolyatomicmoleculesbecomesofinterestbecausesomenewphenomenahavebeenobserved'-3.Sofar,mostoftheinvestigationsfocusontheexperimentalexplorationofphotoionizationprocesses'-'.Butthephotoionizationmechanismofpolyatomicmoleculesinanintensefslaserfieldisstillambiguous'.,.Incontrasttothephotoionizationprocesses,theunderstandingoffragmentationofmolecularionisevenpoorer.Corkumetal,'.,'reportedthef…     

Angular distribution of photo electrons from above-threshold-ionization (ATI) of xenon by 532 nm, 355 nm and 266 nm radiation

A time-of-flight electron energy spectrometer has been used to measure the angular distributions of photoelectrons emitted after the absorption of up to four excess photons above the ionization threshold of Xenon at 532 nm. For shorter wavelength less efficient ATI is observed. The shape of the angular distributions and the branching ratios for the two ionic fine structure states Xe⁺(² P _3/2) and Xe⁺(² P _1/2) may be plausibly attributed to the influence of excited states of the atom.     

532nm激光诱导荧光毛细管阵列电泳仪的研制

基于共聚焦激光诱导荧光检测技术,研制了一台旋转扫描高效毛细管阵列电泳装置。以波长为532nm的半导体二极管激光器作为激发光源,多根毛细管阵列采用圆形布局,微型高速直流电机带动旋转反射镜进行激光扫描,加快了数据采集的速度;采用旋转编码器实现了毛细管的定位与位置读出,并触发数据采集系统进行荧光信号采集。以罗丹明6G和罗丹明B为分析样品,考察了16通道毛细管阵列电泳仪的基本性能。     

Induction of Lambda Prophage by 213 nm Laser Radiation: A Quantitative Comparison with 193 nm Excimer Radiation Using Image Analysis

Abstract— We compared the DNA damage produced by radiation from two UV laser wavelengths, 213 nm and 193 nm, with that produced by noncoherent 254 nm radiation. Following irradiation of Escherichia coli BR339, a bacteriophage lambda lysogen containing the lacZ gene, prophage induction was measured by assaying for β-galactosidase. Because of the limited penetration by UV laser wavelengths an agar overlay of the lysogen was used as the irradiation target. Irradiation of 254 nm was performed in buffer suspension followed by transfer of 5 μL spots onto assay plants. Computer image analysis was used to monitor the rate of product formation, observed as an increase in optical density of the irradiated zones on assay plates. We found that the rate of product formation was a more reproducible unit of comparison than the optical density present at the end of the reaction. Although the rate of product formation was not linearly related to enzyme concentration, the data could be fit to a simple logarithmic function. Using this method, we concluded that the DNA damaging ability of 213 nm radiation was 10 times more efficient than 193 nm radiation and about 100 times less efficient than 254 nm noncoherent radiation.     

Laser-induced Kerr constants for alkanoic acids at 532 and 1064 nm inducing wavelengths

The nanosecond optical Kerr constants of a series of alkanoic acids from formic acid to nonanoic acid have been measured at the two inducing wavelengths of 532 and 1064 nm. Results indicate that the values are of similar magnitude to a previous study of the 1-alkyne series and exhibit a similar behaviour of relatively invariant values amongst the higher members of the series. This effect is attributed to the dominant contribution of the carbonyl group to the observed optical Kerr constant.     

532 nm激光诱导荧光毛细管阵列电泳仪的研制

基于共聚焦激光诱导荧光检测技术,研制了一台旋转扫描高效毛细管阵列电泳装置.以波长为532nm的半导体二极管激光器作为激发光源,多根毛细管阵列采用圆形布局,微型高速直流电机带动旋转反射镜进行激光扫描,加快了数据采集的速度;采用旋转编码器实现了毛细管的定位与位置读出,并触发数据采集系统进行荧光信号采集.以罗丹明6G和罗丹明B为分析样品,考察了16通道毛细管阵列电泳仪的基本性能.     

Nanosecond and femtosecond Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopic analysis of bronze alloys

In the present work we are studying the influence of pulse duration (nanosecond (ns) and femtosecond (fs)) at λ = 248 nm on the laser-induced plasma parameters and the quantitative analysis results for elements such as Sn, Zn and Pb, in different types of bronze alloys adopting LIBS in ambient atmosphere. Binary (Sn–Cu), ternary (Sn–Zn–Cu or Sn–Pb–Cu) and quaternary (Sn–Zn–Pb–Cu) reference alloys characterized by a chemical composition and metallurgical features similar to those used in Roman times, were employed in the study. Calibration curves, featuring linear regression coefficients over 98%, were obtained for tin, lead and zinc, the minor elements in the bronze alloys (using the internal standardization method) as well as for copper, the major element. The effects of laser pulse duration and energy on laser-induced plasma parameters, namely the excitation temperature and the electron density have been studied in our effort to optimize the analysis. Finally, LIBS analysis was carried on three real metal objects and the spectra obtained have been used to estimate the type and elemental composition of the alloys based on the calibration curves produced with the reference alloys. The results obtained are very useful in the future use of portable LIBS systems for in situ qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of bronze artifacts in museums and archaeological sites.     

Transport of siRNA through Lipid Membranes Driven by Nanosecond Electric Pulses: An Experimental and Computational Study

The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a blossoming technique for gene regulation. However, its therapeutic potential is today severely hampered by the lack of an efficient means of safely delivering these nucleic acids to the intracellular medium. We report here that a single 10 ns high-voltage electric pulse can permeabilize lipid vesicles and allow the delivery of siRNA to the cytoplasm. Combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulations has allowed us to provide the detailed molecular mechanisms of such transport and to give practical guidance for the design of protocols aimed at using nanosecond-pulse siRNA electro-delivery in medical and biotechnological applications.     

Bimodal Size Distribution of Gold Nanoparticles under Picosecond Laser Pulses

The evolution of size distributions of gold nanoparticles under pulsed laser irradiation (Nd:YAG, lambda = 355 nm, pulse width 30 ps) was carefully observed by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, the initial monomodal size distribution of gold nanoparticles turned into a bimodal one, with two peaks in the number of particles, one at 6 nm and the other at 16-24 nm. The sizes for small particles depended very little on the irradiated laser energy. This change is attributed to laser-induced size reduction of the initial gold nanoparticles followed by the formation of small particles. In our analysis, we extracted a characteristic value for the size-reduction rate per one pulse and revealed that laser-induced size reduction of gold nanoparticles occurred even below the boiling point. When laser energy is insufficient for the boiling of particles, formation of gold vapor around liquid gold drops is thought to cause the phenomenon. With enough laser energy for the boiling, the formation of gold vapor around and inside liquid gold drops is responsible for the phenomenon. We also observed particles with gold strings after one pulse irradiation with a laser energy of 43 mJ cm(-2) pulse(-1), which is sufficient energy for the boiling. It is considered that such particles with gold strings are formed by the projection of gaseous gold from liquid gold drops with some volume of liquid gold around the bubble. On the basis of comparison with previous work, picosecond laser pulses are thought to be the most efficient way to cause laser-induced size reduction of gold nanoparticles.     

From Femtosecond to Nanosecond Laser Microstructuring of Conical Aluminum Surfaces by Reactive Gas Assisted Laser Ablation

A conical microstructure is one of the most versatile surface textures obtained by ultrashort laser micromachining. Besides an increased surface area, unique surface properties such as superhydrophilicity, increased absorptivity; and thermal emissivity can be tailored. On metals, usually ultrashort laser pulses in the femtosecond to low picosecond range are used to obtain these surface structures, whereas nanosecond laser pulses favor melting processes. Herein, we report on an investigation of reactive gas atmospheres such as oxygen, steam, and halogens during laser micromachining of aluminum with 6 ns laser pulses. At a reduced pressure of 20 hPa (air) with additional iodine vapor as reactive species, we found a perfectly microconical structured surface to be formed with nanosecond laser pulses. The resulting surface structures were proven to be free of residual halogens. The application of nanosecond instead of femtosecond laser pulses for the surface structuring process allows to apply significantly less complex laser sources.     

纳秒激光电离产生Kr17+的研究

Up to Kr17 + multicharged krypton ions have been observed in time-of-flight mass spectrum by a 25 ns Nd-YAG 1. 064 μm laser at laser intensity about 1012 W/ cm2 . Experimental results indicate that the multicharged ions appear only when the laser interacts with the middle part of the pulsed beam,and the intensities of the multicharged ions increase dramatically by increasing the backing pressure of Kr gas,which indicates that the clusters in the beam is essential to the production of multicharged ions. From the experimental results,it is concluded that the cluster is ionized via multiphoton ionization and forms a nanoplasma ball,which can absorb the laser resonantly to further ionize the single charge ion to the high charge state.     

用两束超短乜秒激光脉冲选择控制D2分子的转动波包

通过求解D2分子在飞秒激光场中的含时薛定谔方程,研究了室温下D2分子在超快1s秒激光驱动下的的转动波包动力学．选择用第一束超短飞秒脉冲与温度为300K的D2分子系综相互作用产生一个相干转动波包,用第二束超短匕秒脉冲在波包的1／4和3／4恢复周期选择操纵D2分子取向．研究结果表明,通过选择两束超短飞秒脉冲的延迟时间,可以有效控制D2分子转动波包中奇偶态的相对布居,从而选择性的控制D2分子取向．     

532 nm纳秒激光电离产生Xez＋(z ≤ 11)高价离子

利用25 ns脉冲Nd-YAG 532 nm激光,在1011 W•cm－2的光场强度下,研究了Xe原子团簇的激光电离过程,观察到较强的高价离子信号,其中最高价态达＋11.不同脉冲束位置和束源压力的实验表明,仅当激光作用于脉冲束中段时才能观察到高价离子,且高价离子信号强度随束源压力的增加而迅速增强,说明束中大尺寸团簇的存在与高价离子的形成密切相关.通过实验,认为高价离子可能来源于电离原子团簇而形成的纳米尺度等离子体小球对激光光场的共振吸收.