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1.
The construction, performance characteristics and applications of a polymeric membrance electrode for lead(II) ion are reported.
The electrode was prepared by incorporating cryptand(222) as the neutral carrier into a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) membrane.
The influence of membrane composition, pH and concentration of internal reference solution were investigated. The electrode
exhibits a potentiometric response for Pb2+ ion over the concentration range 10–1–10–5 M with a detection limit of 5 × 10–6 M Pb2+. It shows a relatively fast response time of about 30 s and can be used for about two months without any considerable divergence
in potential. The proposed sensor revealed good selectivities for Pb2+ in the presence of several metal ions and could be used in the pH range of 2.5 to 7.5. It was used as an indicator electrode
in the potentiometric titration of Pb2+ with EDTA.
Received: 20 November 1998 / Revised: 26 March 1999 / Accepted: 31 March 1999 相似文献
2.
N. Alizadeh S. Ershad H. Naeimi H. Sharghi M. Shamsipur 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,365(6):511-515
A PVC membrane electrode for copper(II) ions based on a recently synthesized naphthol-derivative Schiff’s base as membrane
carrier was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Cu2+ ions over a wide concentration range (5.0 × 10–6–5.0 × 10–2 mol/L) with a detection limit of 3.1 × 10–6 mol/L (0.2 μg/mL). It has a very short response time of about 5 s and can be used for ?3 months without any divergence in
potential. The proposed electrode revealed good selectivities over a wide variety of other cations including alkali, alkaline
earth, transition and heavy metal ions and could be used in a pH range of 4.0–7.0. It was successfully applied to the direct
determination and potentiometric titration of copper ion.
Received: 23 February 1999 / Revised: 4 May 1999 / Accepted: 5 May 1999 相似文献
3.
Conducting polymer poly(pyrrole) (PPy) doped with Nafion was successfully used as ion-to-electron transducer in the construction
of a solid-contact Pb2+-selective polymeric membrane electrode. The Nafion dopant can effectively increase the capacitance of the conducting polymer
and improve the mechanical robustness of the coating. The transducer layer, PPy-Nafion, characterized by cyclic voltammetry
and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, exhibits a sufficiently high bulk (redox) capacitance and fast ion and electron
transport process. The new Pb2+-selective polymeric membrane electrode, based on PPy-Nafion film as solid contact, shows stable Nernstian characteristics
in Pb(NO3)2 solution within the concentration range of 1.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−3 M, and the detection limit is 4.3 × 10−8 M. The potential stability of the electrode and the influence of the interfacial water layer were also evaluated by chronopotentiometry
and potentiometric water layer test, respectively. The results show that the solid-contact Pb2+-selective electrode, based on PPy-Nafion film as ion-to-electron transducer, can effectively overcome the potential drift
and reduce the water layer between the PPy-Nafion transducer layer and the ion-selective membrane. 相似文献
4.
I. V. Pletnev Nataliya V. Shvedene Irina V. Lyutikova Inna A. Nazarova Ilya M. Litvak Irina V. Mikhura Yury A. Zolotov 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,364(8):682-685
Arylboronic acids are used as novel carriers for membrane electrodes suitable for direct potentiometric determination of
the catecholamine drug dobutamine. The carriers are capable of binding diol groups of catecholamines; solvent extraction data
confirm the formation of an 1 : 1 complex. For the electrode based on octyloxyphenylboronic acid, the slope of electrode function
is S = 58 mV decade–1; the detection limit is 1.7 · 10–5 mol/L, the linear range 5 · 10–4– 1 · 10–2 mol/L, the response time 10–20 s. The results suggest the potential use of boronic carriers for the detection of biogenic
catecholamines.
Received: 25 November 1998 / Revised: 2 March 1999 / Accepted: 11 March 1999 相似文献
5.
A.K. Singh Puja Saxena Amit Panwar 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2006,54(3-4):299-305
Copper (II) complex of 2,4-dimethyl-1,5,9,12-tetraazacyclopentadeca-1,4-diene, [Me2(15)dieneN4] was synthesized and used in the fabrication of Cu2+ – selective ISE membrane in PVC matrix. The membrane having Cu(II) macrocyclic complex as electroactive material along with sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) as anion discriminator. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as plasticizer in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix was prepared for the determination of Cu2+. The best performance was observed by the membrane having Cu(II) complex–PVC–NaTPB–DBP with composition 1:5:1:3. The sensor worked well over a concentration range 1.12 × 10−6 M–1.0 × 10−1 M between pH 2.1–6.2 and a fast response time 10±2 s and a lifetime of 6 months. Their performance in partially non-aqueous medium was found satisfactory. Electrodes exhibited excellent selectivity for Cu2+ ion over other mono-, di-, trivalent cations. It can also be used as indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Cu2+ against EDTA as well as in the determination of Cu2+ in real samples. 相似文献
6.
A PVC membrane electrode for zinc ions based on cryptand C2B22 as membrane carrier was prepared. The electrode exhibits a linear stable response over a wide concentration range (5.0
× 10–2– 5.0 × 10–5 mol/L) with a slope of 24 mV/ decade and a limit of detection of 3.98 × 10–5 mol/L (2.6 μg/g). It has a fast response time of about 30 s and can be used for at least 4 months without any divergence
in potential. The proposed sensor revealed good selectivities for Zn2+ over a wide variety of other metal ions and could be used in a pH range of 4–7. It was used as an indicator electrode in
potentiometric titration of zinc ion.
Received: 26 February 1998 / Revised: 25 May 1998 / Accepted: 28 May 1998 相似文献
7.
4,13-Didecyl-1,7,10,16-tetraoxa-4,13-diazacyclooctadecane (kryptofix22DD) has been explored as a neutral ionophore for preparing polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based membrane sensor selective to lead(II). The optimized membrane incorporating kryptofix22DD as the active material, nitrobenzene as plasticizer and sodium tetraphenylborate as an anion excluder and membrane modifier in PVC (in the weight ratio of 5.0: 63.0: 2.0: 30.0, respectively) was directly coated on the surface of graphite rod. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian slope (29.4 mV/decade) in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10–5 to 1.0 × 10–1 M Pb2+. The detection limit of the sensor is 6.5 × 10–6 M. The proposed sensor has a fast response time (~10 s), a satisfactory reproducibility and relatively long lifetime. The electrode shows high selectivity toward Pb2+ ion in comparison to other common cations. The proposed sensor is suitable for use in aqueous solutions in a wide pH range of 2.0–10.0. It was used as an indicator electrode for the end point detection in the potentiometric titration of Pb2+ ion with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium iodide (NaI) solutions. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the recovery of Pb2+ ions spiked in real water samples. 相似文献
8.
A new poly(vinyl chloride)-based membrane was fabricated with the cobalt(II) complex of 2,4-dimethyl-1,5,8,11-tetraazacyclotrideca-1,4-diene
[Me2(13)dieneN4] as an ion carrier. The membrane composition was Co2+ complex/PVC/NaTPB/DBP 15:50:15:20 (w/w). The sensor exhibited a Nernstian response for Co2+ ions over a wide concentration range (7.94×10−6–1.0×10−1 M) at pH 2.5–7.0, a response time of 10 s, and it could be used for 3 months without any significant divergence in potential.
The proposed membrane sensor exhibited good selectivity for Co2+ over a wide variety of other metal ions and in mixtures containing up to 25% (v/v) non-aqueous content. The sensor was successfully
used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Co2+ with EDTA and the direct determination of Co2+ in real samples. 相似文献
9.
D. Dobnik M. Kolar J. Komljenovi Nj. Radi 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,365(4):314-319
The preparation of an ion-selective electrode by chemical treatment of copper wire and its application for the measurements
of copper (II) and iodide ions is described. The proposed reaction mechanism at the sensing surface, which explains the response
of the electrode to Cu2+ and iodide ions, is discussed. The prepared electrode was suitable for direct potentiometric measurements of iodide and copper
(II) in batch experiments down to concentrations of 1 × 10–5 mol L–1. A tubular electrode, prepared in the same way, may be used as a potentiometric sensor in a flow-injection analysis for Cu
(II) and/or iodide determinations.
Received: 4 December 1998 / Revised: 31 March 1999 / Accepted: 6 April 1999 相似文献
10.
Hassan Ali Zamani Mohammad Reza Ganjali Masoud Salavati-Niasari 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2008,33(8):995-1001
A Fe3+ ion-selective membrane sensor was fabricated from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix membrane containing bis-bidentate Schiff
base (BBS) as a neutral carrier, sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) as anionic excluder, and o-nitrophenyloctyl ether (NPOE) as a plasticizing solvent mediator. The effects of the membrane composition, pH, and additive
anionic influence on the response properties were investigated. The best performance was obtained with a membrane containing
32% PVC, 62.5% NPOE, 3% BBS, and 2.5% NaTPB. The electrode shows a Nernstian behavior (slope of 19.3 ± 0.6) over a very wide
iron ion concentration range (1.0 × 10−7–1.0 × 10−2 M) and has a low detection limit (7.4 × 10−8 M). The potentiometric response of the sensor is independent of pH of the solution in the pH range 1.9–5.1. The proposed
sensor has a very low response time (<15 s) and a good selectivity relative to a wide variety of other metal ions including
common alkali, alkaline earth, heavy, and transition metal ions. The electrode can be used for at least 60 days without any
considerable divergence in potentials. The proposed sensor was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric
titration of 1.0 × 10−2 M Fe3+ ions with a 1.0 × 10−4 M EDTA and the direct determination of Fe3+ in mineral water and wastewater samples. 相似文献
11.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(1):17-28
ABSTRACT A PVC membrane electrode for Pb2 ions based on tetraphenylporphyrin was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for lead ions over a wide concentration range (1.0 x 10?5-1.0 x 10?2 M). The limit of detection is 8.5 x 10?6M. It has a response time of 15 s and can be used for at least three months without any divergence in potential. The proposed electrode shows a fairly good discriminating ability towards Pb2 ion in comparison to some alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The electrode can be used in the pH range 5.0 to 7.5. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ion. 相似文献
12.
Inamuddin Tauseef A. Rangreez Mu Naushad Amir Al-Ahmad 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2015,95(4):312-323
A Pb2+ ion selective membrane electrode based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) Zr(IV) monothiophosphate composite cation exchange material was fabricated using solution casting method. The effect of membrane composition on the proton exchange capacity was investigated by using varying amounts of electroactive material. The membrane with 250 mg of electroactive material and 10 µL of plasticiser exhibited higher proton conductivity. The optimised membrane composition was used for the fabrication of ion selective membrane electrode which exhibited typical Nernstian response towards Pb2+ ions in the concentration range 20.70 gL?1–20.7 µgL?1 (1 × 10–1–1 × 10–7 mol L?1) with a sub-Nernstian slope of 27.429 mV per decade change in Pb2+ ion concentration. The response time of the electrode under study for Pb2+ ions was found to be 11 s and the electrode can be used for 120 days without any considerable divergence in response potential. It can also be successfully used in the pH range from 3.0 to 6.5. It was found selective for Pb2+ ions in the presence of various monovalent, divalent and trivalent interfering metal ions. It was also employed as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Pb2+ ions using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt, as a titrant. 相似文献
13.
T. V. Velikanova A. N. Titov N. N. Shishmintseva 《Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2000,55(11):1051-1054
A lead-selective solid-contact electrode was prepared on the basis of the misfit compound (PbS)1.18TiS2. The electrode exhibits the slope of the electrode function is -(26 ±1) mV/pc and provides the determination of 1 × 10-5-5 × 10-2 M lead in the pH range 2.75–5.0. High selectivity of the electrode for Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+, K+, Ba2+, and Sr2+ ions was demonstrated. The addition of graphite to the active phase of the membrane impaired the selectivity of the electrode.
The electrode was used for the potentiometric indication of the titration end point in the determination of lead in copper
alloys.
Presented at the V All-Russian Conference with the Participation of CIS Countries on Electrochemical Methods of Analysis (EMA-99),
Moscow, December 6–8, 1999. 相似文献
14.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(4):595-606
A highly sensitive polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane electrode, based on copper(II)-bis(N-4-methylphenyl-salicyldenaminato) complex, (CuL2), as a carrier was reported for the determination of chromate ion. The influence of membrane composition, pH, and possible interfering anions on the response of the ion selective electrode was investigated. The sensor exhibited a Nernstian slope of 29.7 mV per decade when the chromate concentration was varied between 2.0 × 10?7–1.50 × 10?2 M in a wide pH range (6.0 to 9.0). The detection limit of the ion selective electrode was 9.2 × 10?8 M. The proposed sensor was used for at least 4 months without any considerable divergence in potential. It was applied as indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of chromate ion with Pb2+ and Tl+. 相似文献
15.
Seon Mook LimHyo Jin Chung Ki-Jung Paeng Chang-Hee LeeHan Nim Choi Won-Yong Lee 《Analytica chimica acta》2002,453(1):81-88
The performance of calix[2]furano[2]pyrrole and related compounds used as neutral carriers for silver selective polymeric membrane electrode was investigated. The silver ion-selective electrode based on calix[2]furano[2]pyrroles gave a good Nernstian response of 57.1 mV per decade for silver ion in the activity range 1×10−6 to 1×10−2 M. The present silver ion-selective electrode displayed very good selectivity for Ag+ ion against alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, NH4+, and H+. In particular, the present Ag+-selective electrode exhibited very low responses towards Hg2+ and Pb2+ ions. The potentiometric selectivity coefficients of the silver ion-selective electrode exhibited a strong dependence on the solution pH. In particular, the response of the electrode to the Hg2+ activity was greatly diminished at pH 2.5 compared to that at pH 5.0. Overall, the performance of the present silver ion-selective electrode based on the ionophore, calix[2]furano[2]pyrrole, is very comparable to that of the electrode prepared with the commercially available neutral carrier in terms of slope, linear range, and detection limits. 相似文献
16.
Magda M. Ayad Abdalla Shalaby Hisham E. Abdellatef Heba M. Elsaid 《Mikrochimica acta》2002,140(1-2):93-96
The construction of a plasticised PVC matrix-type promazinium cation-selective membrane electrode and its use in the potentiometric
determination of promazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations are described. It is based on the use of the ion-associate
species, formed by promazinium cation and tetraphenylborate (TPB) counter ion. The basic electrode performance characteristics
are evaluated according to IUPAC recommendations. It exhibited a linear response for 1 × 10−2−1 × 10−5 M of promazine hydrochloride solutions with a cationic Nernstian slope over the pH range 2–6. Common organic and inorganic
cations showed negligible interference. Direct potentiometric determination of 1 × 10−2−1 × 10−5 M aqueous promazine hydrochloride using this membrane electrode system showed an average recovery of 99.5% with a mean standard
deviation of 1.5%. This electrode was successfully used for monitoring the titration of promazine hydrochloride with sodium
tetraphenyl borate and for determining promazine hydrochloride in ampoules.
Received June 15, 2001 Revision November 6, 2001 相似文献
17.
Bedlechowicz-Sliwakowska I Lingenfelter P Sokalski T Lewenstam A Maj-Zurawska M 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,385(8):1477-1482
In this work, ion-selective electrodes for calcium ion were investigated. Two ionophores were used in the membranes: ETH 1001
and ETH 129. An internal filling solution buffered for primary ion was used that allowed the lower detection limit to be decreased
down to 10−8.8 M. Theoretical and experimental electrode characteristics pertaining to both primary and interfering ions are discussed.
Better behavior was obtained with the electrode prepared with ETH 129 in the membrane. This electrode would be the most likely
candidate for obtaining a low Ca2+ detection limit in measurements performed with high K+, Na+, Mg2+ background, which is found inside the cells of living organisms, for example. The potentiometric response of the electrode
in solutions containing main and interfering ions is in good agreement with simulated curves obtained using the Nernst–Planck–Poisson
(NPP) model. 相似文献
18.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(15):2591-2605
Abstract A new PVC membrane electrode for lead ions, based on bis[(1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone)-2-methyl]sulfide as membrane carrier, was prepared. The sensor exhibits a Nernstian response for Pb2+ over a wide concentration range (5.6 × 10?3-4.0 × 10?6 M). It has a response time of about 30 s and can be used for at least 3 months without any divergence in potentials. The proposed membrane sensor revealed good selectivities for Pb2+ over a wide variety of other metal ions. It was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ion. 相似文献
19.
Ashok Kumar Singh Ravindra Pratap Singh Sameena Mehtab 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2008,60(1-2):9-15
A new polystyrene based membrane electrode of methyl substituted 6,7:13,14-dibenzo-2,4,9,11-tetraphenyl-1,5,8,12-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,4,6,8,11,13-hexaene
(I) with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as anion excluder and plasticizing agent was prepared and
investigated as Hg (II)-selective electrode. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response for Hg (II) ions over a wide concentration
range of 1.0 × 10−1–8.9 × 10−6 M with a slope of 30 ± 1 mV per decade concentration. It has a response time of 10 s and can be used for at least 4 months
without any divergence in potentials. The membrane works satisfactorily in a partially non-aqueous medium up to a maximum
30% (v/v) content of methanol and ethanol. The proposed sensor revealed good selectivity over a wide variety of other cations
including alkali, alkaline earth, heavy and transition metal ions and could be used in a pH range of 2.5–5.0. Normal interferents
like Ag+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ low interfere in the working of the electrode. The electrode was successfully used in the direct determination of Hg2+ in aqueous solution. 相似文献
20.
Ajay Kumar Jain Raj Kumar Singh Shalabh Jain Jitendra Raisoni 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2008,33(2):243-249
A new Cu (II) ion-selective electrode has been fabricated in poly (vinyl chloride) matrix based on a recently synthesized
Schiff-base chelate. The addition of sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) and various plasticizers viz. TBP, TEHP, DOS, and CN
have been found to substantially improve the performance of the electrode. The membrane of various compositions of the ionophore
(I) were investigated and it was found that the best performance was obtained with the membrane having (I): PVC: NaTPB: CN
in the ratio 4: 140: 3: 80 (mg). The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response over a wide concentration range (1.9 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−1 M) with 30.0 mV/decade of concentration between pH 3.0 and 7.5. The response time of the electrode is about 12 s and it can
be used over a period of 3 months without any divergence in potential. The potentiometric selectivity coefficient values as
determined by fixed interference method indicate excellent selectivity for Cu2+ ions over interfering cations. The electrode has also been used successfully in partially non-aqueous media having a 25%
(v/v) methanol, ethanol or acetone content without showing any considerable change in the value of slope or working concentration
range. The electrode has been used in the potentiometric titration of Cu2+ with EDTA. 相似文献