现代分析化学课程教学改革与实践

Modern analytical chemistry is the important professional course for graduate students of analytical chemistry and the related majors. It is the continuation and promotion of knowledge of analytical chemistry course and the key course to improve the scientific research ability of students. The course includes modern separation science, modern electroanalytical chemistry, modern photoanalytical chemistry and advanced analytical chemistry. It is an important guarantee for improving teaching quality to carry out teaching reform of modern analytical chemistry. In the paper, starting from the construction of teaching team, the modern analytical chemistry course group including four courses was set up for the first time. The course contents are reorganized. The teaching methods are optimized and coordinated. The courses are constructed collectively, including reforming the teaching mode and teaching method, editing textbook appropriately and setting up website with a variety of teaching materials. Therefore, the teaching quality can be guaranteed and the disciplinary fundamentals for research work of students can be strengthened.     

分析化学过去、现在和展望

作者首先叙述了分析化学的源起,认为这门科学与人类文明文化,如青铜、黄铜冶炼、酿酒等大有关系。继出现东、西方的丹金术、欧洲中世纪的大试金术。后者可称为现代分析化学的前驱。适十七八世纪现代化学之兴起,分析化学起了主要作用。嗣后重量法、容量法、比色法、分光光度法、发射光谱法、极谱法、质谱法、层析法等等相继出现。这些方法可分为两大类——即化学法和仪器法。二者各有其优缺点;需要相辅相成,而决不是对立、排挤。另一方面,常量法之后又出现微量法和痕量分析。最后为分析化学在我国健康成长提出一些看法和意见。     

大学有机化学选论课程的教学改革探索

有机化学选论课程是有机化学专业必修课的深入与延伸,既要满足学生对日新月异的现代有机化学知识的需求,又要兼顾知识的系统性,需要在教学实践中不断探索。本文以创新教学素材、使教学与现代科研以及社会工艺相结合为出发点,探讨如何以学生为主体,培养学生的科学素养,提高学生自主学习能力的教学改革探索。     

现代化学数字化微格教学系统的构建

传统化学微格教学在场地、软硬件系统等方面存在不足,本文结合化学学科的特点,从化学教学技能的学习、微格教学训练与评价等方面,对现代化学数字化微格教学系统的构建进行了探讨。     

化学学科的新视角及其在化学教育中的反映

传统化学以研究变化,关注变化前后的结果而著称。化学与其他学科,特别是生命科学的相互渗透使得化学的动态特征更加突出,化学学科格局也因之发生了变化。因此,化学需要新认识。     

Auf der Suche nach Stabilen Carbenen

This article follows a thread through the history of the quest for stable carbenes. The story begins in 1835 with the attempts by Dumas to dehydrate methanol to produce methylene. It continues through modern times to a point where the accumulation of many false starts in stable carbene synthesis led to the conventional wisdom that carbenes are so highly reactive that they exist only as labile, short-lived molecules. The report of the isolation of the first stable crystalline carbene in 1991 began a renaissance in the chemistry of isolable carbenes. Much of the older chemistry is currently being revisited and reinterpreted with the aid of modern analytical techniques. Easily handled carbenes are opening many new opportunities in both exploratory chemistry and industrial applications.     

碳笼化学(下)

本文介绍并评述了碳笼化学的最新进展, 指出这是一个前景十分诱人的现代化学新兴领域。     

氢键在现代化学中的作用

在各种分子间相互作用中,氢键占有很特殊的地位,被称作为超分子化学中的万能相互作用。讨论了氢键在超分子、自组装、分子识别、晶体工程、材料化学和催化过程等现代化学领域中的作用。     

手性分子识别的质谱研究进展

由于质谱分析速度快以及所需样品量少等特点，使得质谱手性识别技术在现代分析化学、有机化学甚至生物化学等领域得到青睐，阐述了手性分子识别的质谱研究最新动向，对其原理和所使用的手性选择剂作了介绍。     

化学知识类型与学习方式选择的探讨

基础教育新一轮课程改革是教育领域里的一场深刻革命,它呼唤着学生学习方式的根本转变。根据现代认知心理学的研究成果与化学学科内容的特点,我们将化学知识分为系统-演绎化学知识与经验-缄默化学知识2大类,每一类又可划分为不同的类型,化学知识的类型影响着化学学习方式的选择。     

Objects of inquiry in classical chemistry: material substances

I argue in the paper that classical chemistry is a science predominantly concerned with material substances, both useful materials and pure chemical substances restricted to scientific laboratory studies. The central epistemological and methodological status of material substances corresponds with the material productivity of classical chemistry and its way of producing experimental traces. I further argue that chemist??s ??pure substances?? have a history, conceptually and materially, and I follow their conceptual history from the Paracelsian concept of purity to the modern concept of pure stoichiometric compounds. The history of the concept of ??pure substances?? shows that modern chemists?? concept of purity abstracted from usefulness rather than being opposed to it. Thus modern chemists?? interest in pure chemical substances does not presuppose a concept of pure science.     

August Wilhelm Hofmann—“Reigning Chemist-in-Chief”

One hundred and twenty-five years ago, on November 11th, 1867, the German Chemical Society of Berlin held its inaugural meeting. The main purpose of the Society was to unite pure and applied chemistry and to foster cooperation between academic research and the chemical industry. And, indeed, it soon became the major forum of German and even European chemistry. Its program clearly bears the hallmark of a single individual: August Wilhelm Hofmann, the Society's first president, who died 100 years ago. For his contemporaries, Hofmann represented a new type of chemistry professor. At no time since have professional chemists felt as abundantly endowed with potential for the future and with public esteem. Hofmann's portrait was monumental even then, and still today it would belong in any gallery devoted to our distinguished forebears. Anniversaries provide an opportunity to direct our attention toward the past—and thus to ourselves as well. We are, after all, heirs to that period from which the modern world derives its profile. Questions from our own time lead us to reacquaint ourselves with one of the founders of modern chemistry, but we may also benefit from a fresh look at an epoch which, beneath the surface of prosperity and progress, was as contradictory as our own, an epoch struggling to understand the role of science in the new industrial era.     

Historical Roots of the "Mad Scientist": Chemists in Nineteenth-century Literature

Abstract

This paper traces the historical roots of the "mad scientist," a concept that has powerfully shaped the public image of science up to today, by investigating the representations of chemists in nineteenth-century Western literature. I argue that the creation of this literary figure was the strongest of four critical literary responses to the emergence of modern science in general and of chemistry in particular. The role of chemistry in this story is crucial because early nineteenth-century chemistry both exemplified modern experimental laboratory research and induced, due to its rapid growth, a ramification and fragmentation of knowledge that undermined former ideals of the unity of knowledge under the umbrella of metaphysics and religion. Because most writers considered contemporary chemistry an offspring of "wrong alchemy," all four responses drew on the medieval literary figure of the "mad alchemist" to portray chemists. Whereas early writers considered the quest for scientific knowledge to be altogether in vain, later writers pointed out the narrow-minded goals and views specifically of chemistry. A third response moved that criticism to a metaphysical and religious level, by relating chemistry to materialism, nihilism, atheism and hubris. The fourth response, the "mad scientist," elaborated on the hubris theme by attaching moral perversion to the "mad alchemist."     

Modern Analysis

The important advances being made in modern analytical methods are indicative of the fundamental changes that are occuring in the theory and practice of “analytical chemistry”. “Information optimization” demands a new approach in teaching and research, and calls for the intergration of chemistry with other scientific and technical disciplines.     

Die Molekulardynamik

This is a brief introduction to some of the basic concepts underlying the modern molecular simulations techniques, in particular the molecular dynamics (MD) method. This field belongs to the statistical mechanics branch of computational chemistry. Some applications in physical chemistry are illustrated through a few examples. The paper ends with epistemological considerations.     

Relationships between the Chemistry of Dispersed Metals and Chemical Syntheses with Metal Atoms

An interesting and topical question in modern inorganic chemistry is: To what extent are the well-known chemistry of dispersed metals and the new technique of chemical synthesis with free metal atoms interrelated? Or in other words: Where, do these two facets of metal chemistry meet? In an attempt to glean an answer to this question three important aspects are considered: metal sols, activated metals as powders, and deposits in vacuum processes (evaporation and cathodic sputtering of metals).     

One-dimensional Chain Dibenzo-18-crown-6 Complex: [K(DB18-C-6)]2[Pt(SCN)6]·2H2O·C2H4Cl2 Assembled by Cation-π Interactions

Introduction Cation-πinteractions have come to be appreciated as an important noncovalent binding force in many areas of modern chemistry, such as material design, molecular biology, host-guest and supramolecular chemistry[1-3].     

无机化学多元信息化教学模式的构建与实践研究

针对现代大学生的移动阅读习惯和信息化学习需求,构建了无机化学多元信息化教学模式。介绍了构建这种教学模式所需微信公众号、微助教和QQ群作业的使用方法。初步探讨了无机化学多元信息化教学模式在教学中的实践效果,弥补了传统教学中的不足。     

What chemistry should be taught in modern schools?

The goals of school education and the role of lessons in natural sciences, particularly chemistry, in intellectual development of school children are analyzed. The reasons for the negative attitude to chemistry from the young people and the society are determined. The problems arising from the forthcoming reform of school education are discussed. The structure of the chemistry course for modern general schools is presented.