Microstructure of the regions on a plane copper electrode surface affected by a spark discharge in air in the point–plane gap

Technical Physics - The microstructure of the regions affected by spark discharge on the surface of a plane copper electrode in atmospheric air in the point–plane gap has been studied using a...     

Abnormal Li diffusion in β-LiGa by the formation of defect complex

The diffusion coefficients of Li in the NaTl-type Li intermetallic compound of β-LiGa have been measured by using a short-lived radioactive diffusion tracer. As the tracer, the α-emitting radioisotope of ⁸Li delivered as the energetic and pulsed beam from Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex (TRIAC) was implanted into the β-LiGa compounds with the composition in the range of about 43 to 54 at.% Li. By analyzing the time-dependent yields of the α-particles measured according to the repetition cycle of the beam, the tracer diffusion coefficients were extracted over the wide range of Li composition. Abnormal composition-dependence of Li diffusion coefficients in β-LiGa was observed; the stoichiometric β-LiGa showed the highest diffusivity of Li. By referring to the composition-dependent diffusivity of Li in the iso-structural β-LiAl and β-LiIn, we could identify the abnormal diffusion of Li in very Li-poor composition of β-LiGa. The anomaly has been discussed qualitatively in terms of the formation of defect complex and the interaction between the constitutional defects.     

Insights into copper coordination in the EcoRI–DNA complex by ESR spectroscopy

The EcoRI restriction endonuclease requires one divalent metal ion in each of two symmetrical and identical catalytic sites to catalyse double-strand DNA cleavage. Recently, we showed that Cu²⁺ binds outside the catalytic sites to a pair of new sites at H114 in each sub-unit, and inhibits Mg²⁺-catalysed DNA cleavage. In order to provide more detailed structural information on this new metal ion binding site, we performed W-band (～94 GHz) and X-band (～9.5 GHz) electron spin resonance spectroscopic measurements on the EcoRI–DNA–(Cu²⁺)₂ complex. Cu²⁺ binding results in two distinct components with different g_zz and A_zz values. X-band electron spin echo envelope modulation results indicate that both components arise from a Cu²⁺ coordinated to histidine. This observation is further confirmed by the hyperfine sub-level correlation results. W-band electron nuclear double resonance spectra provide evidence for equatorial coordination of water molecules to the Cu²⁺ ions.     

Numerical simulation of the magnetoresistance effect controlled by electric field in p–n junction

The magnetoresistance effect of a p–n junction under an electric field which is introduced by the gate voltage at room temperature is investigated by simulation. As auxiliary models, the Lombardi CVT model and carrier generationrecombination model are introduced into a drift-diffusion transport model and carrier continuity equations. All the equations are discretized by the finite-difference method and the box integration method and then solved by Newton iteration.Taking advantage of those models and methods, an abrupt junction with uniform doping is studied systematically, and the magnetoresistance as a function of doping concentration, SiO_2 thickness and geometrical size is also investigated. The simulation results show that the magnetoresistance(MR) can be controlled substantially by the gate and is dependent on the polarity of the magnetic field.     

Numerical simulation of the soliton solutions for a complex modified Korteweg—de Vries equation by a finite difference method

In this paper,a Crank-Nicolson-type finite difference method is proposed for computing the soliton solutions of a complex modifed Korteweg de Vries(MKdV)equation(which is equivalent to the Sasa-Satsuma equation)with the vanishing boundary condition.It is proved that such a numerical scheme has the second order accuracy both in space and time,and conserves the mass in the discrete level.Meanwhile,the resuling scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable via the von Nuemann analysis.In addition,an iterative method and the Thomas algorithm are used together to enhance the computational efficiency.In numerical experiments,this method is used to simulate the single-soliton propagation and two-soliton collisions in the complex MKdV equation.The numerical accuracy,mass conservation and linear stability are tested to assess the scheme's performance.     

Numerical study of the rutile band structure by the Hartree–Fock–Roothaan method in the CO LCAO approximation using the cyclic cluster model

The technique for calculatingmaterial characteristicswith the aid of theHartree–Fock–Roothaan method in the CO LCAO approximation using the cyclic clustermodel is considered. The results of the numerical study are verified for the TiO₂ system. The band gap minimum (2.9 eV) is calculated for the system under consideration.     

Numerical solution of Bloch–Gruneisen function to determine the contribution of electron–phonon interaction in polycrystalline MgB2 superconductor

Here, we report the efficient and feasible analytical method for the generalized Bloch–Gruneisen law in association with Debye temperature and various temperatures range in terms of incomplete gamma function. In addition, our results are in agreement with previous reports as shown in this letter. Bloch–Gruneisen function describes the contribution of electron–phonon interaction to the results of temperature dependence behavior of resistivity for integer and noninteger values of index m. In conclusion, the algorithm is constructed in Fortran 90 language for replicate the variation of temperature dependence of resistivity for pristine MgB₂ sample. Moreover, the comparison of numerical results with the proposed method reveals the validity and precision of the method.     

Cooperation influenced by the correlation degree of two-layered complex networks in evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma games

An evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game is investigated ontwo-layered complex networks respectively representing interactionand learning networks in one and two dimensions. A parameter q isintroduced to denote the correlation degree between the two-layerednetworks. Using Monte Carlo simulations we studied the effects ofthe correlation degree on cooperative behaviour and found that thecooperator density nontrivially changes with q for differentpayoff parameter values depending on the detailed strategy updatingand network dimension. An explanation for the obtained results isprovided.     

Self-consistent calculations of deep Sn and Se vacancy levels in SnSe by the Green’s function method

In the context of the Green’s function theory, the electronic structure of local defects-vacancies is considered self-consistently in the basis of localized orbitals. The origin and orbital structure of the electronic states in the gap, resonances and antiresonances in the valence band, and defect-induced changes in the electron density are discussed.     

Asymptotic behavior of the β function in the ϕ<Superscript>4</Superscript> theory: A scheme without complex parameters

The previously-obtained analytical asymptotic expressions for the Gell-Mann-Low function β(g) and anomalous dimensions in the ϕ⁴ theory in the limit g → ∞ are based on the parametric representation of the form g = f(t), β(g) = f ₁(t) (where t ∝ g ₀^−1/2 is the running parameter related to the bare charge g ₀), which is simplified in the complex t plane near a zero of one of the functional integrals. In this work, it has been shown that the parametric representation has a singularity at t → 0; for this reason, similar results can be obtained for real g ₀ values. The problem of the correct transition to the strong-coupling regime is simultaneously solved; in particular, the constancy of the bare or renormalized mass is not a correct condition of this transition. A partial proof has been given for the theorem of the renormalizability in the strong-coupling region.     

Birth–death process of local structures in defect turbulence described by the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation

Defect turbulence described by the one-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation is investigated and analyzed via a birth–death process of the local structures composed of defects, holes, and modulated amplitude waves (MAWs). All the number statistics of each local structure, in its stationary state, are subjected to Poisson statistics. In addition, the probability density functions of interarrival times of defects, lifetimes of holes, and MAWs show the existence of long-memory and some characteristic time scales caused by zigzag motions of oscillating traveling holes. The corresponding stochastic process for these observations is fully described by a non-Markovian master equation.     

The Green’s function method in the problem of sound diffraction by an elastic shell of noncanonical shape

Using the Green function method and dynamic elasticity theory, we obtain a solution to the problem of sound diffraction by elastic shells of noncanonical shapes formed by spheroidal, cylindrical, and spherical bodies. The angular scattering characteristics of such compound bodies with different wave sizes are calculated.