3-甲基-5-苯砜基-3E-戊烯-1-醇的立体专一性合成

3-甲基-5-苯砜基-3E-戊烯-1-醇(1)是合成某些萜类化合物的重要中间体.它具有反式烯丙基苯砜基双键.Julia等曾报道用含砜基的环丙基醇的开环重排反应来实现这类化合物的立体选择性合成,但其开环前体不易得到.本文以4-羟基-2-丁酮(2)为起始原料,经4步反应立体专一性地合成了标题化合物1.合成路线短、操作简便、易于大量制备.合成路线用方程式表示如下:     

荧光可调控的二噻吩乙烯α-炔醇的合成及性能

以2-甲基噻吩和三甲基硅乙炔为原料经多步反应合成了一种新型的二噻吩乙烯α-醇炔：1,2-二[2-甲基-5-(3-三甲基硅基-2-丙炔基-1-羟基)-3-噻吩基]环戊烯(BTE-TMS)，其结构经¹H NMR, HR-MS(ESI)和元素分析表征，通过UV-Vis研究了化合物的光致变色性能和抗疲劳性，并辅以荧光光谱探究了化合物的荧光开关性能。      

螺环倍半萜(±)-茅苍术醇和(±)-沉香螺醇的改进合成

以2,4-二氧代戊酸甲酯(1)和1,5-二甲基-6-亚甲基环己烯(2)为原料,通过[2+2]光环加成和retro-Benzilicacid重排,合成了具有螺[4,5]癸烷结构的岩兰烷基本碳架的化合物3.用锌粉选择还原五元环上碳碳双键得螺环二酮(4),对环外羰基实施保护并将环上酮基转化为亚甲基得到重要的合成前体6,经与甲基溴化镁的格氏反应生成混合的标题化合物.利用羟基和异氰酸苯酯的反应生成一对N-苯基氨基甲酸酯异构体(12),二者分离后经四氢铝锂还原,完成了螺环倍半萜(±)-茅苍术醇和(±)-沉香螺醇的全合成.     

2-[5'-CH3(H)-苯并咪唑-2'-亚甲硫基]-5-取代-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑的合成及生长素活性

以邻苯二胺(或4-甲基邻苯二胺)及一氯乙酸为原料,在酸性条件下,合成2-氯甲基苯并咪唑及2-氯甲基-5-甲基苯并咪唑;以取代羧酸为原料经酯化、肼解、再与CS2在氢氧化钾溶液中反应,合成10种2-巯基-5-取代-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑;将2种2-氯甲基-5-取代-苯并咪唑与10种2-巯基-5-取代-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑在氢氧化钠溶液中反应,合成14种2-[5’-CH3(H)-苯并咪唑-2’-亚甲硫基]-5-取代-1,3,4-(口恶)二唑衍生物.借助红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析对化合物结构进行表征.初步生长素活性测试结果表明,所合成的化合物对小麦芽鞘和绿豆发芽有着不同程度的生长调节作用.     

2-[5'-CH3(H)-苯并咪唑-2'-亚甲硫基]-5-取代-1,3,4-噁二唑的合成及生长素活性

以邻苯二胺(或4-甲基邻苯二胺)及一氯乙酸为原料,在酸性条件下,合成2-氯甲基苯并咪唑及2-氯甲基-5-甲基苯并咪唑;以取代羧酸为原料经酯化、肼解、再与CS2在氢氧化钾溶液中反应,合成10种2-巯基-5-取代-1,3,4-噁二唑;将2种2-氯甲基-5-取代-苯并咪唑与10种2-巯基-5-取代-1,3,4-噁二唑在氢氧化钠溶液中反应,合成14种2-[5’-CH3(H)-苯并咪唑-2’-亚甲硫基]-5-取代-1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物。借助红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析对化合物结构进行表征。初步生长素活性测试结果表明,所合成的化合物对小麦芽鞘和绿豆发芽有着不同程度的生长调节作用。     

含嘧啶基团的新型亲水性共轭大环化合物的合成

以三乙甘醇单甲醚为原料,制得化合物1和2; 1和2经取代反应制得1-【2-{1-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}甲基-3-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基】丙氧基-3,5-二溴苯(3)和1-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基-3,5-二溴苯(4); 3和4分别与双频那醇合二硼反应制得化合物5和6; 6与5-溴-2-碘嘧啶发生Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应制得化合物7; 5与7在铂催化下发生Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应合成了一个新型的共轭大环化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MALDI-TOF-MS表征。     

(E,E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-癸二烯-1,10-二醇的高立体选择性合成

1969年Meinwald等[1]从一系列雄性蝴蝶的"hair pencils"中分离得到一组信息素成分,包括一类新颖的开链倍半萜骨架化合物1-3.尽管这些化合物在结构上与香叶醇相似,但利用香叶醇为原料进行合成的报道[2～5]还不多见.本文以香叶醇为原料,报道了化合物3的一条简便、高立体选择性的合成路线.其关键反应步骤是2,3-环氧醇的碘代重排反应和烯丙基烯基醚的克莱森重排反应.     

去氢枞醇杂环类化合物的合成及细胞毒性研究

以去氢枞酸(1)为原料,经氢化铝锂还原得到去氢枞醇(2),2与氯乙酰氯在氮气保护和DMAP催化条件下反应合成中间产物去氢枞醇氯乙酸酯(3),3与杂环化合物经亲核取代反应合成了12个新型去氢枞醇杂环类化合物(4a ～41).利用IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS等对目标化合物的结构进行表征,采用MTT法测试目...     

（E,E）—3,7—二甲基—2,6—癸二烯—1,10—二醇的高立体选择？…

1969年 Meinwald等 [1] 从一系列雄性蝴蝶的“hair pencils”中分离得到一组信息素成分 ,包括一类新颖的开链倍半萜骨架化合物 1— 3.尽管这些化合物在结构上与香叶醇相似 ,但利用香叶醇为原料进行合成的报道 [2～ 5] 还不多见 .本文以香叶醇为原料 ,报道了化合物 3的一条简便、高立体选择性的合成路线 .其关键反应步骤是 2 ,3-环氧醇的碘代重排反应和烯丙基烯基醚的克莱森重排反应 .a.Ac2 O,Pyridine,r.t.,2 h,yield 98% ;b.Se O2 ,t-Bu OOH,CH2 Cl2 ,r.t.,3 h,yield 73 % ;c.VO( acac) 2 ,t-Bu OOH,reflux,2 h,yield 90 % ;d.Ph3…     

手性氨基二醇的合成及其在二乙基锌对醛不对称加成反应中的应用

手性配体催化的烷基锌试剂对醛的不对称加成反应是合成光学活性二级醇的重要方法 [1] ,1 0多年来 ,人们对其进行了深入的研究 ,并取得了很大进展 .其中大部分工作是设计如β-氨基醇等新的手性配体 .此外 ,文献 [2～ 6]还报道了氨基二醇在这类反应中具有手性诱导效果 .为进一步研究手性配体催化的二乙基锌对醛的不对称加成反应 ,我们合成了新的手性氨基二醇配体 ,并将其用于该反应中 .1　结果与讨论1 .1　手性配体的合成　以 L -脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 ( 5 )为原料 ,与溴代乙酸乙酯反应生成 ( L ) - N - ( 2 -乙酰乙氧基 )脯氨酸甲酯 ( 6)反应 ,…     

Solvent extraction of technetium(VII) by cyclic amides

The extraction behavior of heptavalent technetium with cyclic amides inn-dodecane from nitric acid solution was studied. The amides investigated are N-(2-ethyl)hexylbutyrolactam(EHBLA). N-(2-ethyl)hexylvalerolactam(EHVLA), N-(2-ethyl)hexyl-caprolactam (EHCLA), N-octylcaprolactam(OCLA), a mixture of 3-octyl-N-(2-ethyl)hexylvalerolactam and 4-octyl-N-(2-ethyl)hexylvalerolactam (3,4,OEHVLA), 2-octyl-N-(2-ethyl)hexylcaprolactam(2OEHCLA), a mixture of 3-octyl-N-(2-ethyl)hexylcaprolactam and 5-octyl-N-(2-ethyl)hexylcaprolactam(3,5,OEHCLA) and that of 3-octyl-N-octylcaprolactam and 5-octyl-N-octylcaprolactam(3,5,OOCLA). From the results of the distribution ratio of Tc(VII) as a function of acid concentration, cyclic amides concentration and HTcO₄ concentration, the effects of both the ring size of cyclic amide and structure of the substituents attached to different positions of the cyclic ring on the extraction behavior of Tc(VII) were discussed. A clear steric hindrance was observed. For applications, 3,4,OEHVLA is proposed as the best extractant for Tc from acidic solution.     

Reactivity of 1-hydro-5-carbaphosphatrane based on tautomerization between pentavalent phosphorane and trivalent cyclic phosphonite

The reaction behavior of 1-hydro-5-carbaphosphatrane (1 a) was examined. Treatment of 1 a with oxidants such as 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) and tBuOCl gave cyclic phosphonate 2 and 1-chloro-5-carbaphosphatrane (4), respectively, via cyclic phosphonite 3, a tautomer of 1 a. Compound 4 was readily hydrolyzed to afford 2. Compound 1 a was also sulfurized via 3 by elemental sulfur to afford cyclic thioxophosphonate 5, which was also obtained by reactions in the presence of bases. Treatment of 1 a with bases also proceeded through 3 to give an equilibrium mixture of the corresponding phenoxide anion 10 and the phosphoranide anion 9, which was quenched with MeI to afford a mixture of 11 and 1-methyl-5-carbaphosphatrane (1 b). Such reactivities are typical for neutral phosphoranes. Theoretical investigations of these reactivities were also performed.     

Rational syntheses of cyclic hexameric porphyrin arrays for studies of self-assembling light-harvesting systems.

Two new cyclic hexameric arrays of porphyrins have been prepared in a rational, convergent manner. The porphyrins in each cyclic hexamer are joined by diphenylethyne linkers affording a wheel-like array with a diameter of approximately 35 A. One array is comprised of five zinc (Zn) porphyrins and one free base (Fb) porphyrin (cyclo-Zn(5)FbU) while the other is comprised of an alternating sequence of two Zn porphyrins and one Fb porphyrin (cyclo-Zn(2)FbZn(2)FbU). The prior synthesis employed a one-flask template-directed process and afforded alternating Zn and Fb porphyrins or all Zn porphyrins. More diverse metalation patterns are attractive for manipulating the flow of excited-state energy in the arrays. The rational synthesis of each array employed three Pd-mediated coupling reactions with four tetraarylporphyrin building blocks bearing diethynyl, diiodo, bromo/iodo, or iodo/ethynyl groups. The final ring closure yielding the cyclic hexamer was achieved by reaction of a porphyrin pentamer + porphyrin monomer or the joining of two porphyrin trimers. In the presence of a tripyridyl template, the yields of the 5 + 1 and 3 + 3 reactions ranged from 10 to 13%. The 5 + 1 reaction in the absence of the template proceeded in 3.5% yield, thereby establishing the structure-directed contribution to cyclic hexamer formation. The 3 + 3 route relied on successive ethyne + iodo/bromo coupling reactions. One template-directed route to cyclo-Zn(2)FbZn(2)FbU employed a magnesium porphyrin, affording cyclo-Zn(2)FbZn(2)MgU from which magnesium was selectively removed. The arrays exhibit absorption spectra that are nearly the sum of the spectra of the component parts, indicating weak electronic coupling. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the quantum yield of energy transfer in toluene at room temperature from the Zn porphyrins to the Fb porphyrin(s) was 60% in cyclo-Zn(5)FbU and 90% in cyclo-Zn(2)FbZn(2)FbU. Two dipyridyl-substituted porphyrins, a Zn tetraarylporphyrin and a Fb oxaporphyrin, have been synthesized for use as guests in the cyclic hexamers, affording self-assembled arrays for light-harvesting studies.     

Synthesis and photochemical properties of photoactivated antitumor prodrugs releasing 5-fluorouracil

A new family of antitumor prodrugs (1-3) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) possessing photolabile 2-nitrobenzyl chromophores have been designed and synthesized to investigate the efficiency and mechanism of photoactivated 5-FU release upon UV-irradiation at lambda(ex)= 365 nm. The photoactivated prodrug 3 derived from conjugation of 2 with a tumor-homing cyclic peptide Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys (CNGRC) was so designed as to manifest a tumor-targeting function.     

RHYTHMIC OSCILLATION OF CYCLIC 3',5'AMP AND -GMP CONCENTRATION AND STIMULATION OF FLOWERING BY CYCLIC 3',5'-GMP IN Lemna paucicostata 381

Abstract— Rhythmic oscillation of the concentration of cyclic 3',5'-AMP and -GMP in a short day plant, Lemna paucicostata 381 in continuous darkness was detected after 2 cycles of 12 h dark and 12 h light entrainment. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP and -GMP, extracted from whole plant showed parallel oscillations in their concentrations for initial 36 h in continuous darkness and the oscillation in the concentration of cyclic 3',5'-AMP was roughly circadian. Their concentrations decreased during the initial 12 h (subjective night) and increased during 12 to 28 h. Exogenous addition of 2 μ.M of cyclic 3',5'-GMP or the dibutyryl derivative of it stimulated floral induction by 20 to 30%, when the plants were grown under 12 h light and 12 h dark regime. Cyclic 3',5'-AMP or the dibutyryl derivative of it showed little effect on flowering.     

Selective Inversion of the Proximal or Distal Hydroxyl Groups in syn,syn-3-[N-(Alkoxycarbonyl)amino] 1,2-Diols via Cyclic Sulfates

The formation of cyclic sulfates (4) from syn,syn-3-[N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino] 1,2-diols provides a common intermediate to access other diastereomers via two inversion procedures. Thermolysis of the cyclic sulfates in acetonitrile normally leads to inversion of the distal hydroxyl group to form a 1,3-oxazin-2-one (6). Catalytic hydrogenation of the cyclic sulfates under basic conditions (NEt(3)) results in inversion at the proximal hydroxyl group to form a 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (5).     

An efficient synthesis of cyclic IDP- and cyclic 8-bromo-IDP-carbocyclic-riboses using a modified Hata condensation method to form an intramolecular pyrophosphate linkage as a key step. An entry to a general method for the chemical synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose analogues

An efficient synthesis of cyclic IDP-carbocyclic-ribose (3) and its 8-bromo derivative 6, as stable mimics of cyclic ADP-ribose, was achieved, and a condensation reaction with phenylthiophosphate-type substrate 15 or 16 to form an intramolecular pyrophosphate linkage was a key step. N-1-Carbocyclic-ribosylinosine derivative 28 and the corresponding 8-bromo congener 24 were prepared via condensation between N-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)inosine derivative 17 and a known optically active carbocyclic amine 18. Compounds 24 and 28 were then converted to the corresponding 5"-phosphoryl-5'-phenylthiophosphate derivatives 15 and 16, respectively, which were substrates for the condensation reaction to form an intramolecular pyrophosphate linkage. Treatment of 8-bromo substrate 15 with I2 or AgNO3 in the presence of molecular sieves 3A (MS 3A) in pyridine at room temperature gave the desired cyclic product 12 quantitatively, while the yield was quite low without MS. The similar reaction of 8-unsubstituted substrate 16 gave the corresponding cyclized product 32 in 81% yield. Acidic treatment of these cyclic pyrophosphates 12 and 32 readily gave the targets 6 and 3, respectively. This result suggests that the construction of N-1-substituted hypoxanthine nucleoside structures from N-1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)inosine derivatives and the intramolecular condensation by activation of the phenylthiophosphate group with I2 or AgNO3/MS 3A combine to provide a very efficient route for the synthesis of analogues of cyclic ADP-ribose such as 3 and 6. Thus, this may be an entry to a general method for synthesizing biologically important cyclic nucleotides of this type.     

Anion photoelectron spectroscopy of C(5)H(-)

Anion photoelectron spectroscopy is performed on the C(5)H(-) species. Analogous to C(3)H(-) and C(3)D(-), photodetachment transitions are observed from multiple, energetically close-lying isomers of the anion. A linear and a cyclic structure are found to have electron binding energies of 2.421+/-0.019 eV and 2.857+/-0.028 eV, respectively. A cyclic excited state is also found to be 1.136 eV above the linear (2)Pi C(5)H ground state. Based on our assignments of the observed transitions and previous calculations on the energetics of neutral C(5)H isomers, the cyclic (1)A(1) anion state is found to lie 0.163 eV below the (3)A linear anion.     

Synthesis of certain metabolites and analogs of vitamin B6 and their ring-chain tautomerism

Pyridoxol and pyridoxal on benzylation with dimethylphenylbenzylammonium hydroxide (“leucotrope”) gave 3-O-benzylpyridoxol (IV) and 3-O-benzylpyridoxal (V), respectively. As a possible mechanism of this reaction an ion pair intermediate has been postulated. Oxidation of IV and V with chromic oxide-pyridine-acetic acid complex gave 3-O-benzyl-4-pyridoxic acid lactone (VI), which could also be obtained by benzylation of 4-pyridoxic acid. Treatment of VI with dimethylamine gave 2-methyl-3-benzyloxy-5-hydroxymethylpyridine-4-N,N-dimethylcarbox-amide (X) which oxidized to form the 5-formyl derivative (XI). The latter on hydrolysis yielded the metabolite, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-formylpyridine-4-carboxylic acid (I). When reacted with liquid ammonia, VI gave 3-O-benzyl-4-pyridoxamide (VII) which was then oxidized to give 2-methyl-3-benzyloxypyridine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid cyclicimide(IX). Acid hydrolysis of IX gave another metabolite, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (XIII), which could also be obtained by oxidizing XI with potassium permanganate in water to yield 2-methyl-3-benzyloxy-5-carboxypyridine-4-N,N-dimethylcarboxamide (XII) and subsequent hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. A positional isomer of I, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-formylpyridine-5-carboxylic acid (XVII) was synthesized starting from 3-O-benzyl-5-pyridoxic acid lactone (XIV) following similar reaction sequences used for the preparation of I. Ring-chain tautomerism has been studied in I, XVII, opianic acid (XVIII), phthalaldehydic acid (XIX) and (2-carboxy-4,5-dimethoxy)-phenylacetaldehyde (XX) in different solvents by nmr and in the solid state by ir spectroscopy. A direct and reliable differentiation between the open form (aldehyde proton in low field) and the ring form (lactol proton in the intermediate field) has been obtained by nmr spectroscopy. In sodium deuteroxide and pyridine-d₅ the open chain form existed exclusively (except for homolog (XX) which is in cyclic form in pyridine-d₅), whereas in 18% hydrogen chloride in deuterium oxide all the compounds are completely in the cyclic form. In hexafluoroacetone hydrate-d₂, XVIII, XIX, and XX exist in the cyclic form whereas I is in the open form. In DMS0-d₆ both cyclic and open-chain forms have been observed in XVIII, XIX and XX. Definite peak assignment for the two forms could not be made in I due to broadening or superimposition with C₆-H. The metabolite I, isometabolite (XVII) and opianic acid (XVIII) form cyclic acetyl derivatives which give a sharp lactol peak. In the solid state XVIII, XIX are in the cyclic form and I and XX in the open-chain form as observed by ir spectroscopy.     

Effects of protopine on blood platelet aggregation. II. Effect on metabolic system of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in platelets

The mode of action of protopine on rabbit platelet aggregation was investigated in the metabolic system of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in vitro experimental models. The inhibitory activity of protopine on adenosine 5'-diphosphate induced platelet aggregation was increased in the presence of prostaglandin I2 or papaverine in platelets. Protopine elevated content of the basal cyclic AMP accumulation in platelets and enhanced activity of crude adenylate cyclase prepared from platelets, but was ineffective on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. It is concluded that protopine has an inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation, activates adenylate cyclase and increases cyclic AMP content in platelets, in addition to other inhibitory actions in the metabolic system of cyclic AMP.