茚三酮比色法测定茶叶中游离氨基酸总量方法存在问题的探讨

氨基酸是茶叶中的主要成分,茶叶中氨基酸与茶叶嫩度有密切关系,它对茶汤的滋味、色泽也有较明显的影响,是形成茶叶香气和鲜爽度的重要成分.茶叶中有20多种游离氨基酸,其中茶氨酸占氨基酸总量的50%以上.     

高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中的茶氨酸

建立了未衍生化高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定茶叶中茶氨酸含量的方法。采用的色谱条件为:C 18 色谱柱,以0.05%(体积分数)三氟乙酸水溶液为流动相,流速1 mL/min ,进样量10 μL,检测波长203 nm。茶氨酸质量浓度在0.02～1 g/L 内,其浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限为1.75 ng(S/N=3),回收率为97.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%。同时以高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化质谱对所分离的茶氨酸进行了纯度鉴定。方法具有精确、灵敏、流动相组成简单等特点。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中茶氨酸及γ-氨基丁酸含量

对茶叶中的茶氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)建立了柱前衍生方法,并利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对衍生物进行了测定。采用邻苯二甲醛(OPA)及N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)为衍生试剂,考察了脯氨酸(Pro)、茶多酚(Tp)及维生素C(Vc)等对衍生体系的影响,并对色谱分离条件进行了优化。结果表明,茶氨酸与GABA衍生物在色谱柱上的保留行为与分离效率主要受流动相pH及缓冲盐浓度的影响;Pro、Tp及Vc对茶氨酸的衍生产率影响较小。而Vc可以提高GABA检测的灵敏度,并能稳定衍生用储备液。GABA与茶氨酸衍生后的方法检出限(LOD)分别为3.01×10~5mmol/L和7.98×10~5mmol/L;定量限(LOQ)分别为9.99×10~5mmol/L和2.658×10~4mmol/L;线性范围分别为0.01～0.4 mmol/L(相关系数为0.996)和0.05～0.8 mmol/L(相关系数为0.995);方法的回收率分别为99.29%～119.60%和93.18%～141.06%(除本身含茶氨酸量高的绿茶中回收率为62.88%外)。这说明经优化的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱体系可用于茶叶中两种特征性氨基酸的测定。     

采用实时直接分析质谱法原位快速鉴别茶叶

采用近年来发展迅速的常温常压离子化技术——实时直接分析质谱法,建立了对茶叶中主要成分如茶氨酸、咖啡碱等的快速测定方法,通过特征的质谱信号离子,实现了对不同茶叶的快速鉴别。实时直接分析质谱法在大气压下进行,无需对茶叶进行任何的样品处理,大大缩短了分析时间,实现了原位、快速、准确且高通量的检测。     

潮汕工夫茶中的化学智慧

潮汕工夫茶中蕴含了丰富的化学文化。长期以来,潮汕人在凤凰单枞茶的品种选育、种植、加工以及品饮等诸多方面, 十分关注影响茶叶品质与风味的儿茶素、茶氨酸、咖啡因、可溶性糖、色素、萜类等化学物质,并在生产、加工中对这些化学成分的含量及生化转化精细控制,形成了凤凰单枞茶特有的品质与风味;同时,针对凤凰单枞茶活性成分的组成特点,摸索出一套科学的冲泡程式,充分展现出潮汕工夫茶文化中的化学智慧。     

高效液相钴离子催化化学发光抑制法测定茶叶中的茶氨酸

 研究了用高效液相分离、抑制化学发光测定茶叶中茶氨酸的分析方法。该法采用YWG C18(10μm,250mm×5 0mmi d )柱,以0 01mol·L-1醋酸钠 醋酸缓冲液(pH5 5)为流动相,流速为0 8mL·min-1。对茶氨酸抑制Co2+催化鲁米诺(luminol)与过氧化氢(H2O2)化学发光反应的条件进行了优化:Co2+的质量浓度为2μg·L-1,鲁米诺浓度为0 25mmol·L-1,H2O2浓度为0 5mmol·L-1。在茶氨酸的质量浓度为0 2g·L-1～5 0g·L-1时,茶氨酸抑制化学发光产生负峰的相对峰面积Y(将实际峰面积缩小至万分之一)与其质量浓度X(kg·L-1)的线性回归方程为Y=33862X+1 0605(r=0 9983)。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中 γ-氨基丁酸和茶氨酸

粉碎后的茶叶样品用水在90℃水浴中提取10min(重复提取3次),提取液合并后,用水定容至50mL,移取1.00mL过0.22μm滤膜,采用亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定滤液中γ-氨基丁酸和茶氨酸的含量。以Waters Atlantis HILIC氨基色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的水和乙腈(9+1)溶液(含2mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵和体积分数为0.1%的甲酸)的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子模式和多反应监测模式。γ-氨基丁酸和茶氨酸的质量浓度均在5.00～500.00μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)依次为1.00,0.50μg·L~(-1)。方法用于茶叶样品的分析,加标回收率为97.8%～107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)为4.9%～7.1%。     

非土壤因素对茶叶铅污染的影响

通过对18个茶叶生产厂家的分析调查发现,精制茶的生产工艺对茶叶的铅含量在总体上有降低作用,而粗制茶的加工工艺却有增加的趋势,因此茶叶生产工艺对茶叶的铅含量影响很大。通过用水清洗鲜叶发现,茶叶表面有相当一部分的铅可以洗脱下来,这说明在茶叶的种植过程中,大气中粉尘沉降对茶叶也有铅污染的作用。据此提出了一些建议和改进措施。     

茶叶、银杏叶中钾含量的测定

采用原子吸收分光光度法对中国一些常用茶叶和银杏叶中的钾和不同方法冲泡的茶、银杏叶饮料中的钾进行了测定,结果表明,茶叶、银杏叶中的钾含量丰富,为14 035~38 924 mg/kg。饮茶和银杏叶茶对人体健康有益。     

含毒死蜱残留茶叶的自然基体标准样品研制

为获得与真实检测样品完全一致的含毒死蜱残留茶叶自然基体标准样品,建立了其制备方法。以每亩约31.2 g毒死蜱用药量对茶树喷洒0.22 g/L毒死蜱药液,监控检测施药后茶叶中毒死蜱含量,适时采茶,正常制茶,磨粉过网筛获得含毒死蜱残留茶粉样。经均匀性检验、稳定性检验、协同定值和不确定度评估,制得检测质量控制用含毒死蜱残留茶叶自然基体标准样品。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.