BC3复合纳米管的储氢性能研究

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法(GCMC)研究了BC3复合纳米管的物理吸附储氢性能,获得了该纳米管在不同温度和压强下的吸附等温线,及其在不同条件下的物理储氢吸附量,并和相应的碳纳米管进行了对比研究.结果表明,BC3纳米管在所有条件下的储氢性能均优于相应的碳纳米管,因而它是一种比碳纳米管更强的氢存储介质,并从纳米管和H2分子以及H2分子和H2分子之间的平均总相互作用能的分布情况等因素出发解释了这两种纳米管有不同储氢行为的原因.     

单壁BN纳米管和碳纳米管物理吸附储氢性能的理论对比研究

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法(GCMC)研究了单壁氮化硼纳米管(SWBNNTs)和单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)的物理吸附储氢性能,主要对比研究了纳米管的管径、温度和手性对二者物理吸附储氢量的影响. 研究结果表明：在低温下,SWBNNTs的物理吸附储氢性能优于相应的SWCNTs;但是随着温度的升高,二者的物理吸附储氢性能差别越来越小,在常温下,SWBNNTs不具备有比SWCNTs更强的物理吸附储氢性能,而是和相同条件下的SWCNTs相差不大,只是在高压下的物理吸附储氢量稍稍大于SWCNTs,并给出了合理的理论解释 关键词： 巨正则蒙特卡罗方法(GCMC) 单壁氮化硼纳米管(SWBNNTs) 单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs) 储氢     

单壁碳纳米管储氢的第一原理分子动力学模拟

本文用第一性原理平面波赝势方法模拟研究了手性单壁碳纳米管与氢分子的相互作用,考察了碳纳米管直径对储氢性能的影响。对单壁碳纳米管储氢的模拟结果表明: (1)物理吸附时,H2可以吸附在空腔内,也可以吸附在管与管之间的空隙中,纳米管内部的氢吸附力均高于管外,而“完好无损”的H2分子不能够穿过管壁而进入管内。(2)化学吸附时,碳纳米管对氢的吸附首先出现在管的边缘附近,碳纳米管局部会发生形变,SWCNTs的张力会随C-H键的增加而增大,系统不稳定。（3）随着直径的增加,纳米管内、外的氢吸附力差异减小。     

单壁碳纳米管储氢的第一原理分子动力学模拟

本文用第一性原理平面波赝势方法模拟研究了手性单壁碳纳米管与氢分子的相互作用,考察了碳纳米管直径对储氢性能的影响.对单壁碳纳米管储氢的模拟结果表明:(1)物理吸附时,H2可以吸附在空腔内,也可以吸附在管与管之间的空隙中,纳米管内部的氢吸附力均高于管外,而“完好无损”的H2分子不能够穿过管壁而进入管内.(2)化学吸附时,碳纳米管对氢的吸附首先出现在管的边缘附近,碳纳米管局部会发生形变,SWCNTs的张力会随C-H键的增加而增大,系统不稳定.(3)随着直径的增加,纳米管内、外的氢吸附力差异减小.     

氮化硼纳米管阵列储氢的计算机模拟

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法模拟常温、中等压强下单壁氮化硼纳米管阵列的物理吸附储氢,重点研究压强、纳米管阵列的管径和管间距对单壁氮化硼纳米管阵列物理吸附储氢的影响.计算结果表明,氮化硼纳米管阵列的储氢性能明显优于碳纳米管阵列,在常温和中等压强下的物理吸附储氢量(质量百分数)可以达到和超过美国能源部提出的商业标准.并给出相应的理论解释.     

多壁碳纳米管储氢的物理吸附特性

采用巨正则蒙特卡罗方法 ,模拟常温、1 0MPa下氢在扶手椅型多壁壁碳纳米管中的物理吸附过程 .氢分子之间、氢分子与碳原子之间的相互作用采用Lennard Jones势能模型 .研究了双壁碳纳米管外 (内 )径固定而内 (外 )径改变时的物理吸附储氢情况 ,发现氢分子主要储存在双壁碳纳米管的管壁附近 ,当双壁碳纳米管的内外管壁间距由 0 .34nm增大到 0 .6 1或 0 .88nm时可有效增加物理吸附储氢量 ,并给出了相应的理论解释 .在此基础上 ,计算了管壁间距为 0 .34、0 .6 1和 0 .88nm时的三壁碳纳米管的物理吸附储氢量 ,并与相同条件下单壁和双壁碳纳米管的物理吸附储氢量作了比较 ,发现多壁碳纳米管的物理吸附储氢量随碳管层数的增加而减小 .     

电场中MgO分子吸附H2的理论研究

研究电场中MgO分子与H2的相互作用是探索MgO材料储氢性能的基础。在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上研究了电场中H2在MgO分子上的吸附行为。结果给出电场中单个H2在Mg/O上的吸附能由无电场时-0.021/-0.099eV提高到场强为0.005a.u.时的-0.037/-0.139 eV。H2吸附在O离子上时,电场效应更显著。电场中MgO分子最多能吸附10个H2,相应的质量密度达33wt%。表明电场诱导MgO材料吸附H2是一种具有潜力的储氢方法。通过电子结构分析讨论了电场中MgO分子储氢的机理。     

单壁碳纳米管低温及常温下储氢行为的模拟计算研究

采用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗方法, 通过含有此方法模块的GULP软件, 系统地研究了扶手椅式单壁碳纳米管在低温和常温下的储氢性能, 给出了5种半径的扶手椅管在液氮温度(77 K)和常温(280 K)下的吸附等温线, 同一管径在不同温度不同压强下氢分子在碳纳米管中的分布构型图等. 对77 K和280 K下不同压强不同管径的碳纳米管储氢能力做了较为全面的对比分析, 最后根据模拟计算的结果, 对碳纳米管储氢能力的强化提出了一些建设性意见.     

H2的自由扩散和吸附状态的对比研究

运用巨正则Monte Carlo方法, 模拟了H₂在自由扩散状态下及碳纳米管吸附状态下的分布, 对H₂的自由扩散和吸附状态进行了对比研究. 研究表明: 77 K和2 MPa下, (30, 30)扶手椅型碳纳米管质量储氢密度为3.74%, 77 K和10 MPa下, 质量储氢密度为7.4%. 吸附状态的H₂分子主要汇聚在碳纳米管内外两个壁面. 关键词： 储氢 碳纳米管 巨正则Monte Carlo     

电场中MgO分子吸附H_2的理论研究

研究电场中MgO分子与H_2的相互作用是探索MgO材料储氢性能的基础.在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上研究了电场中H2在MgO分子上的吸附行为.结果给出电场中单个H_2在Mg/O上的吸附能由无电场时-0.021/-0.099eV提高到场强为0.005a.u.时的-0.037/-0.139eV.H2吸附在O离子上时,电场效应更显著.电场中MgO分子最多能吸附10个H_2,相应的质量密度达33wt%.表明电场诱导MgO材料吸附H_2是一种具有潜力的储氢方法.通过电子结构分析讨论了电场中MgO分子储氢的机理.     

First-principle study of interaction of molecular hydrogen with BC<Subscript>3</Subscript> composite single-walled nanotube

The physisorption of molecular hydrogen in BC₃ composite single-walled nanotube, investigated using density functional theory, was compared with single-walled carbon nanotube. Both external and internal adsorption sites of these two nanotubes have been studied with the hydrogen molecular axis oriented parallel to the nanotube wall. The calculated results show that: ([see full textsee full text]) the physisorption energies of a H₂ molecule are larger for BC₃(8,0) composite nanotube than for C(8,0) nanotube at all adsorption sites examined. ([see full textsee full text]) For these two nanotubes, the physisorption energies are larger for hydrogen bound inside the nanotubes than for adsorption outside the nanotubes. The different behavior between these two nanotubes is explained by the contour plots of electron density and charge-density difference of them. The present computations suggest that BC₃ nanotube may be a better candidate for hydrogen storage than carbon nanotube.     

基于BC3NT的混合系锂空气电池正极第一性原理研究

文章采用第一性原理,利用掺杂硼的碳纳米管(BC₃NT)容易产生拓扑缺陷的特点,将其用作混合系锂空气电池正极材料,研究了BC₃NT拓扑缺陷电子性质及氧分子吸附.结果表明:BC₃NT产生的拓扑缺陷使得氧气在纳米管外表面吸附更加稳定,且缺陷环越大,吸附越稳定.七元环缺陷、八元环缺陷分别会使氧气在纳米管外表面发生半解离吸附和完全解离吸附,有利于氧还原反应的发生;通过布居分析电荷转移进一步验证了缺陷环越大,转移电荷越多,吸附越稳定. BC₃NT能增强对氧分子的解离吸附能力,有利于氧还原反应的进行.该材料适合用作混合系锂空气电池正极,有利于提高其性能.     

碳纳米管材料的储锂性能

碳纳米管较低的碳原子密度、管径和管间的空隙可以为锂离子提供大量的嵌入空间,从而拥有更高的储锂能力。本文结合实验与理论研究的最新成果,综述了这一领域的主要进展和前景。实验上,对单壁碳纳米管进行适当处理,可以将锂存储量提高到常规石墨材料的2~3倍。根据密度泛函理论计算,锂在不同碳纳米管束中的最高理论嵌入量可以达到Li0.5C。嵌入后锂和碳纳米管之间发生了完全的电荷转移,碳纳米管的Fermi能级上移到导带中,所有碳纳米管都转变为金属。纳米管自身的电子结构对锂的吸附是至关重要的,缺电子体系更有利于锂的吸附。锂在B掺杂的复合管如BC3纳米管中有很大的吸附能。锂穿透纳米管壁从管壁外进入纳米管内的能垒,随着纳米管壁拓扑缺陷结构的尺寸变大而显著降低,B在纳米管壁的存在会进一步降低锂穿越纳米管壁的能垒。同时B的掺杂会降低相同拓扑缺陷的生成能,导致在BC3纳米管中出现更多的拓扑缺陷,从而有利于锂离子的扩散。实验与理论计算的结合可望加深对锂离子在纳米管材料中嵌入过程的理解,指导设计具有更高储锂性能的新材料。     

碳纳米管材料的储锂性能

碳纳米管较低的碳原子密度、管径和管间的空隙可以为锂离子提供大量的嵌入空间,从而拥有更高的储锂能力。本文结合实验与理论研究的最新成果,综述了这一领域的主要进展和前景。实验上,对单壁碳纳米管进行适当处理,可以将锂存储量提高到常规石墨材料的2~3倍。根据密度泛函理论计算,锂在不同碳纳米管束中的最高理论嵌入量可以达到Li0.5C。嵌入后锂和碳纳米管之间发生了完全的电荷转移,碳纳米管的Fermi能级上移到导带中,所有碳纳米管都转变为金属。纳米管自身的电子结构对锂的吸附是至关重要的,缺电子体系更有利于锂的吸附。锂在B掺杂的复合管如BC3纳米管中有很大的吸附能。锂穿透纳米管壁从管壁外进入纳米管内的能垒,随着纳米管壁拓扑缺陷结构的尺寸变大而显著降低,B在纳米管壁的存在会进一步降低锂穿越纳米管壁的能垒。同时B的掺杂会降低相同拓扑缺陷的生成能,导致在BC3纳米管中出现更多的拓扑缺陷,从而有利于锂离子的扩散。实验与理论计算的结合可望加深对锂离子在纳米管材料中嵌入过程的理解,指导设计具有更高储锂性能的新材料。     

Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes interacting with glycine amino acid: DFT study

We have investigated the adsorption of glycine on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized by various functional groups using density functional theory calculations. Compared with the pristine CNTs, the functionalized CNTs system has significantly higher binding energy value and shorter distance between the glycine and the nanotube surface. The calculations of electronic structures and charge Mulliken population indicate a strong physisorption process for the glycine adsorption on the functionalized CNTs. Therefore, functionalized CNT is expected to be a novel material for designing life science-related tools employing biological systems.     

Hydrogen storage in BC3 composite single-walled nanotube:a combined density functional theory and Monte Carlo investigation

This paper applies a density functional theory(DFT) and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations(GCMC) to investigate the physisorptions of molecular hydrogen in single-walled BC 3 nanotubes and carbon nanotubes.The DFT calculations may provide useful information about the nature of hydrogen adsorption and physisorption energies in selected adsorption sites of these two nanotubes.Furthermore,the GCMC simulations can reproduce their storage capacity by calculating the weight percentage of the adsorbed molecular hydrogen under different conditions.The present results have shown that with both computational methods,the hydrogen storage capacity of BC 3 nanotubes is superior to that of carbon nanotubes.The reasons causing different behaviour of hydrogen storage in these two nanotubes are explained by using their contour plots of electron density and charge-density difference.     

Adsorption of hydrogen on normal and pentaheptite single wall carbon nanotubes

Density functional calculations of the physisorption of molecular hydrogen and the dissociative atomic chemisorption on the external surface of hexagonal and pentaheptite carbon nanotubes, have been carried out. Physisorption binding energies are near 100 meV/molecule and are similar on metallic and semiconducting nanotubes. Full coverage of the nanotube with one molecule per graphitic hexagon decreases the binding energy per molecule. Chemisorption binding energies per H atom are larger on pentaheptites than on hexagonal carbon nanotubes. The molecular physisorption and dissociative chemisorption states on pentaheptites have very similar total energies (some chemisorbed states are even slightly more stable than the physisorbed states), while on hexagonal carbon nanotubes molecular physisorption is more stable than dissociative chemisorption. However, a substantial energy barrier has to be overcome to go from physisorption to dissociative chemisorption in both types of nanotubes.     

Study of titanium adsorption on perfect and defected BC3 nanotubes using density functional theory

Density functional theory calculations were used to study the titanium (Ti) adsorption on perfect and defected (4, 0) BC₃ nanotubes, considering Stone–Wales and vacancy defects. The binding energy values for these nanotubes were larger than the corresponding values for carbon nanotubes. The charge transfer from the Ti atom to nanotube was observed for all systems studied. The most exothermic binding process occurred for the Ti adsorption on a native V_B defect, which showed minimum structural deformation with respect to a perfect BC₃ tube. In the case of a nanotube with a reconstructed carbon vacancy, the adsorption of Ti generated a half-metallic anti-ferromagnet. The results obtained in this paper are relevant for spintronics and hydrogen adsorption applications.     

Interaction of alkanethiols with single-walled carbon nanotubes: First-principles calculations

We report the results of our first-principles study based on density functional theory on the interaction of alkanethiols with both defected and defect-free single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The adsorption energies are calculated for various configurations such as alkanethiol molecule approaching to defect sites heptagon, hexagon, and pentagon in defective tube, and another case where the alkanethiol approaching to hexagon in defect-free nanotube. The calculated results showed that alkanethiols are rather strongly bound to the outer surface of both the defected and defect-free carbon nanotubes with the binding energy of about −50.58 kcal/mol, consistent with the experimental result. We also find that alkanethiols prefer to be adsorbed on the hexagon ring site of defect-free nanotube. Furthermore, the effect of alkanethiols chain length on the adsorption of alkanethiols on carbon nanotubes has been investigated, and the obtained results reveal that the longer alkanethiols bind rather more strongly to the nanotube surface.