Color-neutral switchable mirrors based on magnesium-titanium thin films

In an investigation of smart-window applications of switchable mirror thin films, Pd-capped magnesium-titanium thin films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering. Their optical properties, switching durability and crystalline structures have been investigated. We show that Pd/Mg-Ti thin films with specific thicknesses are completely color-neutral in the transparent state and their optical switching properties are suitable for building and automobile window glass applications. The ternary hydrides of Mg_(1-x)Ti_x thin films with Pd overlayers are identified by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements during a hydrogen gas loading of 4%. Pd/Mg_(1-x)Ti_x thin film switchable mirrors show fast hydriding and dehydriding kinetics as compared to a Pd-capped pure Mg thin film due to the catalytic role of doped metallic Ti. PACS 75.20.En; 78.20.-e; 78.70.Ck; 42.70.-a     

Improving the specularity of magnetic mirrors for atoms

An array of anti-parallel current-carrying wires creates an inhomogeneous magnetic field capable of reflecting neutral atoms. We present analytical and numerical analyses of the magnetic field produced by such an array, and describe methods for reducing the resulting rms angular deviation from specular reflection to less than 0.1 mrad. Careful choice of cross-sectional wire profiles is shown to dramatically improve specularity of reflection close to the surface. Additionally, we find that the specularity depends on whether the number of wires in the mirror is even or odd, and that there exists an optimal turning height above the surface that maximizes the specularity of reflection from the mirror. Received 16 November 1998     

Effects of a magnetic field on the optical properties of dielectric mirrors

We have measured the changes in the polarization state of a monochromatic (λ=514.5 nm) light beam on reflection at normal incidence by a multilayer dielectric mirror placed in a time-modulated magnetic field. The dominant effect is a Faraday rotationΦ?3.7×10^?10 rad/G. The sensitivity (around 40Hz) obtained is \( \simeq 6 \times 10^{ - 9} {\text{ rad/}}\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} \) which is dominated by the shot-noise limit (100 mW of light power).     

基于跟踪度的Gabor小波特征跟踪方法的研究

图像的边缘包含了目标的大量特征信息。利用Gabor小波可以从目标图像中提取具有特征位置、角度和尺度的参数。利用这些参数可以重建除均值以外的所有图像信息。图像边缘与均值无关。根据重建图像边缘线段的长度和边缘拟和度以及特征点的个数,提出了跟踪度的概念,分析了跟踪度的性质,并在跟踪度准则指导下确定了跟踪的特征点个数。仿真实验证明,跟踪度反映了目标特征跟踪的可靠程度,提供了跟踪精度的客观标准,为选择特征点个数、平衡计算复杂度和跟踪精度提供了客观的依据。通过对目标进行姿态变换和大面积遮挡的跟踪实验证明,当跟踪度达到0 95以上时就可以稳定地跟踪目标。     

Reflectrons with ion orthogonal acceleration based on planar gridless mirrors

The feasibility of using structurally simple gridless electrostatic ion mirrors with a 2D field distribution in high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) mass reflectrons is studied by numerical simulation. The configuration of a mirror with two control potentials providing third-order TOF focusing on energy and small TOF aberrations on spatial coordinates of the ion bunch is described.     

In situ magnetic hysteresis measurement of magnetic tips in magnetic force microscope

In situ magnetic hysteresis measurements of magnetic tips in a magnetic force microscope (MFM) are demonstrated using alternating gradient force magnetometry. The measured magnetic moments of MFM tips are estimated in the range from 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁵ emu by this technique and the whole MFM tips in cantilevers are considered to be measured from the value of measured magnetic moments. The relationship between the magnetic hysteresis loops of MFM tips and those of coated magnetic films is discussed.     

Optimization of a data storage system based on the array of ferromagnetic particles and magnetic force microscope

Optimal parameters for a data storage system based on ferromagnetic particles and magnetic force microscope (MFM) are calculated. The conditions necessary for data recording, storing, and reading are analyzed in the frame of a simple model of a spherical MFM probe and an array of spherical single-domain particles. The ultimate data densities in such a system are estimated.     

Object tracking based on two-dimensional PCA

In this paper, we present a novel object tracking method based on two-dimensional PCA. The low quality of images and the changes of the object appearance are very challenging for the object tracking. The representation of the training features is usually used to solve these challenges. Two-dimensional PCA (2DPCA) based on the image covariance matrix is constructed directly using the original image matrices. An appearance model is presented and its likelihood estimation has been established based on 2DPCA representation in this paper. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method has higher reliability and real-time property. The performances of the proposed tracking method are quantitatively and qualitatively shown in experiments.     

基于多级微反射镜的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪衍射效应分析

对基于多级微反射镜的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的衍射效应进行了计算分析,讨论了多级微反射镜宽度,衍射距离以及波长产生的衍射效应对光谱复原的影响。从模拟的结果可知,在衍射距离小于10 cm,反射面宽度大于0.5 mm的情况下,衍射效应较小,而且探索出了一种可以减小噪声的数据处理方法。文章的结论将应用于微型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的设计、数据处理以及系统的优化。     

Multiple spectral window mirrors based on Fibonacci chains of dielectric layers

The unique properties of one-dimensional (1D) Fibonacci chains of dielectric layers are experimentally demonstrated and exploited for the design of new mirrors with multiple reflection spectral windows. The new mirror structures are simple, straightforward to make and enable a wide variety of multiple spectral window device performance to be achieved. By changing the thickness of the layers or the order of the Fibonacci chain, tens or even hundreds of windows can be obtained with the same approximate reflectivity over a very broad spectral region. These mirrors have numerous applications in photonics and optoelectronics.     

Vehicle detection and tracking based on phase-correlation

This paper presents vehicle detection and tracking algorithms based on real-time background (RTB) and phase-correlation (PC) in the video sequence of urban highway with fixed camera. Firstly moving objects are obtained by subtracting RTB from serial images. After classification, PC is used to determine corresponding regions of moving objects between consecutive frames. The problems of vehicles' merging and splitting, sudden stop, and restart are also considered. Experiments show that the method is practical and can realize real-time detection and tracking of vehicles on highway.     

扫描成像跟踪激光雷达

设计了一种基于激光图像跟踪的激光雷达系统来实现目标的跟踪测量。该系统通过激光光束二维扫描,形成包含距离和角度信息的三维图像,由测量视场内运动目标的几何中心与视场中心的角度偏差获得脱靶量,利用脱靶量驱动伺服机构使目标几何中心处于雷达扫描视场中心,从而实现目标的实时跟踪,并输出目标距离和角度信息。实测结果表明：采用设计的激光雷达系统对距离900 m的目标进行测量,测距精度优于0.25 m,角跟踪精度优于0.07°,角跟踪能力优于1.2（°）/s,实现了快速捕获目标、高精度跟踪测量和系统小型化等既定目标。     

Scanning probe microscope based on matter-wave surface trap

In order to scan nanostructures on a surface, we present a new recurrence tracking microscope based on an atomic trap. An evanescent wave trap is formed by the total internal reflection of two laser fields having different signs of detuning and penetration depths into the vacuum. The microscope employs the quantum recurrence phenomena of trapped atoms. Recurrence times depend on the initial energy of the wave packet in the trap and vary following the nanostructures on the surface under investigation.     

Scanning electro-optic microscope based on surface plasmon resonance

An optical scanning probe microscope, based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the attenuated total reflection geometry, is shown to successfully image the polarization structures in self-assembled monolayers of hemicyanine adsorbed on a gold surface. Application of an ac field to the tip gives rise to the linear electro-optic effect in the monolayer just below the tip and the local change in the refractive index of the monolayer was detected via the ac component of the reflected light intensity, in which SPR-based detection intensifies the ac component. Polarization structures in a monolayer can be clearly imaged by this technique.     

Robust visual tracking based on multi-cue integration

Traditional color-based mean shift tracking algorithm is unable to accurately track the object. To address this problem, we present an improved tracking algorithm. The improved tracker integrates the color and motion cues which characterize the appearance and motion information of the object, respectively. These two visual cues can complement each other and make for more precise target localization. Experiments show that the proposed tracking algorithm has better performance than the traditional mean shift tracker.     

多特征融合匹配的多目标跟踪

针对复杂背景的视频图像多目标跟踪遮挡问题,提出了一种多特征融合匹配的多目标跟踪方法。基于自适应高斯混合背景模型重构和更新背景策略,实现当前帧背景减除和多目标检测;采用目标的颜色特征、质心位置、运动速度等特征进行融合匹配跟踪;最后,通过区域辅助判定策略将场景下的目标状态分为目标进入场景、目标退出场景、目标暂消、目标重现、目标融合和分裂5种状态,用质心预测方法和遮挡因子辅助匹配来提高匹配正确率。仿真实验结果表明：采用该方法跟踪同一目标和不同目标的相似度平均值分别为0.949 71和0.505 73,优于单一颜色特征信息匹配;目标遮挡结束后重新匹配相似度为0.972 83,实现了复杂背景下具有表面相似性的多目标实时跟踪。     

A microscope system based on bevel-axial method auto-focus

A microscope system based on bevel-axial method auto-focus (BAM-AFS) is proposed. The purpose is to establish an auto-focus microscope system that calculates the focus position one or many times. In this paper, we propose a bevel-axial method that had an included angle between CCD sensor and image plane with multi-parameters fusing from image to obtain the in-focus position directly in the first phase and combined Kalman estimate to obtain the in-focus position for different objects in the second phase. We discuss the relation between focus positions and image focus at the end.     

基于方向预估计的边界跟踪算法

 为了实现多目标轮廓高效跟踪,提出了基于方向预估计的边界跟踪算法。研究了多目标轮廓模型表达以及轮廓初始点选取方法,为多轮廓跟踪提供模型依据。定义了4方向操作模板和方向矩阵实现轮廓走向的估计,通过定义权重矩阵避免轮廓跟踪算法进入搜索陷阱,提高算法的鲁棒性。对多组头部MR图像进行实验,结果表明,在同等边界数据情况下,新算法跟踪效率较变窗爬虫跟踪算法和传统跟踪算法平均提高约21%,鲁棒性明显增强。     

基于人机工程学的光学显微镜机械结构设计

为研究出更合理的光学显微镜机械结构设计原理及相关规范,基于人机工程学的设计理念,参阅我国光学显微镜的相关规范,对金相显微镜的机械结构——载物台、调焦装置、物镜转换器等的设计进行了分析。从安全可靠和舒适经济的角度,提出了适合金相显微镜机械结构的人性化设计方法和原则。该设计原则和机械结构设计尺寸的计算公式具有普遍适用性。