相变调控、磁热效应和反常热膨胀

相变作为广泛存在于自然界中的一种现象很早就受到了广泛的关注,并且已经被应用于相变制冷、相变存储、相变储能和负热膨胀等领域中.基于磁热、电热和机械热效应不断发展起来的固态制冷技术具有环保、高效、低噪声和易小型化等优点,被视为替代汽压缩制冷的新型制冷技术.其中,磁热效应是研究历史最悠久的一种.然而,单磁场驱动磁热效应的诸多不足限制了其固态制冷应用,如热效应幅度不够高、滞后损耗大、制冷温跨窄等,因此多场调控和多卡效应应运而生.本文主要介绍笔者团队近期开展的多场调控磁热效应、以及磁热材料的反常热膨胀行为的研究.     

水的反常膨胀的演示

水的反常膨胀的演示吴忠甫（湖北通城墨烟中学４３７４００）水的膨胀随温度变化不大，一般做“水的反常膨胀”实验可见度小，不利于学生的观察，影响教学效果．为了改变这种状况，可自制一个水的反常膨胀装置，借助投影仪进行演示．实验器材１００毫升烧瓶一只，温度计一...     

生活中“ 反常”的重心与平衡趣味实验

物理实验是物理教学的一个必不可少的手段, 通过例举3个生活中“ 反常”的重心与平衡趣味实验, 展 示这些实验的特点和优越性, 并给出这些实验在教学时的建议, 给广大物理教师提供参考     

Er2AlFe16－xMnx化合物的磁性及反常热膨胀

通过X射线衍射及磁测量手段研究了Er₂AlFe_16-xMn_x(x=1，2，3，4，6，8)化合物的结构和磁性. 研究结果表明Er₂AlFe_16-xMn_x化合物具有六角相的Th₂Ni₁₇型结构. 采用X射线热膨胀测定法在103—654K的温度范围内测量了Er₂AlFe_16-xMn_x(x=1，2，3，4)化合物的热膨胀性质，发现这些化合物在低温下存在热膨胀反常现象，在居里点附近具有负膨胀性质. 对自发磁致伸缩的研究结果表明Er₂AlFe_16-xMn_x化合物中存在着较强的各向异性的自发磁致伸缩，低温下自旋重取向的出现使得化合物的自发体磁致伸缩有所增强. 磁测量结果表明Mn的替代导致Er₂AlFe_16-xMn_x化合物的居里温度及自发磁化强度急剧下降，并且使得化合物的磁晶各向异性发生显著改变. 关键词： 2AlFe_16-xMn_x化合物')" href="#">Er₂AlFe_16-xMn_x化合物 反常热膨胀 自发磁致伸缩     

热膨胀动态过程的理论和实验研究

 本文列出了一维点阵非谐振动的非线性微分方程组，并求出了这组方程在相应边值条件下的解析解。据此算出了该点阵的热膨胀系数和热膨胀动态过程的特征时间，同时说明了它的物理意义。关于金属箔的实验结果，可以作为这一理论预言的一个验证。这些结果还告诉我们，在高速加热时，即使温度均匀而且膨胀自由，热应力仍然存在，不过将很快弛豫。     

自感演示实验中的"反常"现象及其解释

1反常现象的由来 人教版全日制高级中学教科书（必修）物理第二册第十四章“电磁感应”中“自感现象”一节，推荐了两个演示实验．其中一个为演示通电自感现象（如图1所示），另一个为演示断电自感现象．     

反常Frullani积分

讨论了一类特殊的反常积分,称为反常Frullani积分,它们形似Frullani积分,然而不满足Frullani积分存在条件.从两个基本的反常Frullani积分出发,导出了一系列的方程Frullani积分.     

422.7nm法拉第反常色散滤光特性

对工作在第ｇ条夫朗和费暗线（４２２．６７４ｎｍ）的法拉第反常色散滤光器的滤光特性进行了理论分析和讨论。     

传感器电解质材料热膨胀性能和热稳定性变化规律研究

以ZrO2固体电解质材料为例,研究氧传感器电解质材料原子振动特点和热膨胀系数及其热稳定性随温度和时间的变化规律,探讨原子非简谐振动的影响。结果表明：原子振动的频率、阻尼系数,在简谐近似下为常数,在考虑到非简谐效应后随温度升高而增大;原子平均位移和热膨胀系数在简谐近似下为零,在考虑到非简谐效应后随温度升高而增大,随的时间的增长而减小;热膨胀性能稳定性温度系数随温度的升高而减小,随时间的增长而增大,即使用时间越长,材料的热膨胀性能稳定性越低;温度越高,热膨胀性能越稳定;非简谐情况下的原子振动的频率、阻尼系数和热膨胀系数与简谐近似下的差值随温度的升高而增大,即温度越高,非简谐效应越显著。     

热收缩化合物——负热膨胀性及成因

文章综述了负热膨胀化合物、负热膨胀机理与应用等方面的进展.负热膨胀是最近十多年来新兴的研究领域,目前已经发现较多化合物具有负热膨胀性能,它们广泛分布在类似ZrW2O8开放式框架结构化合物、磁性合金、反钙钛矿结构的Mn3AX、PbTiO3基铁电化合物、纳米颗粒等领域.在负热膨胀机理研究方面,原子热振动机理研究相对充分,成功地解释了一部分框架式结构化合物负热膨胀机理;然而,较多负热膨胀起源与非振动机理相关,如：物质磁性、铁电性、电子作用、纳米尺寸效应等.文章最后从实际应用角度出发对未来负热膨胀材料研究进行了展望.     

X-ray studies on the thermal expansion of copper indium disulphide

The lattice parameters of the compound copper indium disulphide (CuInS₂) have been measured by x-ray diffraction. The data have been used to evaluate the coefficients of thermal expansion, perpendicular and parallel to the principal axis. The thermal expansion studies revealed the anisotropy between the axial expansion coefficients having a larger coefficient of expansion alonga axis than that alongc axis. The anisotropic thermal expansion of this compound is interpreted in terms of the thermal expansion of the Cu-S and In-S bonds.     

用光学干涉法测量材料的高温线膨胀系数

采用石英传递杆将高温区材料的线膨胀量传递到室温区,并利用标准件进行标定的方法消除由传递带来的附加线膨胀量的影响,利用迈克耳孙干涉仪测量微小位移的原理,测量材料的线膨胀系数;测量相对误差仅为1.0％,而且测量过程非常直观简单.     

High precision thermal modeling of complex systems with application to the flyby and Pioneer anomaly

Thermal modeling of complex systems faces the problems of an effective digitalization of the detailed geometry and properties of the system, calculation of the thermal flows and temperature maps, treatment of the thermal radiation including possible multiple reflections, inclusion of additional external influences, extraction of the radiation pressure from calculated surface data as well as computational effectiveness. In previous publications [1, 2] the solution to these problems have been outlined and a first application to the Pioneer spacecraft have been shown. Here we like to present the application of our thermal modeling to the Rosetta flyby anomaly as well as to the Pioneer anomaly. The analysis outlines that thermal recoil pressure is not the cause of the Rosetta flyby anomaly but likely resolves the anomalous acceleration observed for Pioneer 10.     

Negative thermal expansion: Mechanisms and materials

Negative thermal expansion (NTE) of materials is an intriguing phenomenon challenging the concept of traditional lattice dynamics and of importance for a variety of applications. Progresses in this field develop markedly and update continuously our knowledge on the NTE behavior of materials. In this article, we review the most recent understandings on the underlying mechanisms (anharmonic phonon vibration, magnetovolume effect, ferroelectrorestriction and charge transfer) of thermal shrinkage and the development of NTE materials under each mechanism from both the theoretical and experimental aspects. Besides the low frequency optical phonons which are usually accepted as the origins of NTE in framework structures, NTE driven by acoustic phonons and the interplay between anisotropic elasticity and phonons are stressed. Based on the data documented, some problems affecting applications of NTE materials are discussed and strategies for discovering and design novel framework structured NET materials are also presented.     

Zero thermal expansion in metal-organic framework with imidazole dicarboxylate ligands

Exploring new abnormal thermal expansion materials is important to understand the nature of thermal expansion. Metal-organic framework (MOF) with unique structure flexibility is an ideal material to study the thermal expansion. This work adopts the high-resolution variable-temperature powder x-ray diffraction to investigate the structure and intrinsic thermal expansion in Sr-MOF ([Sr(DMPhH₂IDC)₂]_n). It has the unique honeycomb structure with one-dimensional (1D) channels along the c-axis direction, the a-b plane displays layer structure. The thermal expansion behavior has strong relationship with the structure, ZTE appears in the a-b plane and large PTE along the c-axis direction. The possible mechanism is that the a/b layers have enough space for the transverse thermal vibration of polydentate ligands, while along the c-axis direction is not. This work not only reports one interesting zero thermal expansion material, but also provides new understanding for thermal expansion mechanism from the perspective of the structural model.     

Lattice thermal expansion of silver indium disulphide

Lattice parameters of chalcopyrite type compound silver indium disulphide (AgInS₂) were determined as a function of temperature by the x-ray method in the temperature range 28 to 685°C. Using these data, the coefficients of thermal expansion,a _⊥ anda _‖, were evaluated by a graphical method. The temperature dependence ofa _⊥ anda _‖ is represented by a suitable equation. The anisotropic thermal expansion of AgInS₂ is explained in terms of the thermal expansion of the Ag-S and In-S bonds of the AgInS₂ lattice.     

具有负膨胀性能的磁性材料

文章综述了国内外近些年来在各种磁性材料研究中发现的具有显著异常热膨胀行为的磁性化合物,其中包括反钙钛矿结构类型的Mn3AX,Th2Zn17结构类型的R2Fe17-xMxCy和钙钛矿结构类型的R1-xAxMnO3等系列。运用磁学理论,定性分析了负膨胀产生机理,并从实际应用角度对今后此类材料的进一步研究提出了展望